CBSE Class 12 Geography Secondary Activities Assignment Set 02

I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Small scale manufacturing is distinguished from household industries by its production techniques and place of manufacture (a workshop outside the home/cottage of the producer). This type of manufacturing uses local raw material, simple power-driven machines and semi-skilled labour. It provides employment and raises local purchasing power. Therefore, countries like India, China,Indonesia and Brazil, etc. have developed labourintensive small-scale manufacturing in order to provide employment to their population.

Question. How are small scale industries distinguished from household industries?
(a) On the basis of production techniques
(b) On the basis of place of manufacturing
(c) On the basis of market demand
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer: D

Question. In small scale industries the manufacturing is done on :
(a) Large scale
(b) Micro scale
(c) Macro scale
(d) None of the options

Answer: B

Question. Which is the correct example of small-scale industry?
(a) Leather industry
(b) Pickle making
(c) Beverages
(d) Computer making

Answer: B

Question. What type of raw material is used in small -scale industries?
(a) High cost
(b) locally available
(c) Skilled material
(d) Imported material

Answer: B

II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Cotton textile industry has three sub-sectors i.e. handloom, power loom and mill sectors. Handloom sector is labour-intensive and provides employment to semi-skilled workers. It requires small capital investment. The power loom sector introduces machines and becomes less labour intensive and the volume of production increases. Cotton textile mill sector is highly capital intensive and produces fine clothes in bulk. Cotton textile manufacturing requires good quality cotton as raw material. India, China, U.S.A, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, Egypt produces more than half of the world’s raw cotton. The U.K, NW European countries and Japan also produce cotton textile made from imported yarn. Europe alone accounts for nearly half of the world’s cotton imports. The industry has to face very stiff competition with synthetic fibres hence it has now shown a declining trend in many countries.With the scientific advancement and technological improvements, the structure of industries changes.
For example, Germany recorded constant growth in cotton textile industry since Second World War till the seventies but now it has declined. It has shifted to less developed countries where labour costs are low.

Question. How many sub sectors does the cotton industry have?
(a) Two
(b) Three
(c) Four
(d) Five

Answer: A

Question. The cotton sector in India is considered the _______most developed sector in the textile industry.
(a) second
(b) third
(c) fourth
(d) fifth

Answer: A

Question. State one major requirement for the establishment of cotton industry.
(a) Foreign investment
(b) Imported machinery
(c) Skilled labour
(d) All of the options

Answer: C

Question. Why has cotton textile industry shifted to less developed countries?
(a) Due to less demand
(b) Due to low cost of labour
(c) Due to surplus electricity
(d) Due to constant water supply

Answer: B

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Household industries are the smallest manufacturing units. The artisans use local raw materials and simple tools to produce everyday goods in their homes with the help of their family members or part-time labour. Finished products may be for consumption in the same household or, for sale in local (village) markets, or, for barter.
Capital and transportation do not wield much influence as this type of manufacturing has low commercial significance and most of the tools are devised locally. Some common everyday products produced in this sector of manufacturing include foodstuffs, fabrics, mats, containers, tools, furniture,shoes, and figurines from woodlot and forest, shoes,thongs and other articles from leather; pottery and bricks from clays and stones. Goldsmiths make jewellery of gold, silver and bronze. Some artefacts and crafts are made out of bamboo, wood obtained locally from the forests.

Question. What is other name of household industries?
(a) Hut industries
(b) Cottage industries
(c) Export industries
(d) Electrical industries

Answer: B

Question. Household industries are conducted by:
(a) Entire community
(b) One or two members of the household
(c) Skilled professionals
(d) None of the options

Answer: B

Question. Which one is the example of household industries?
(a) Electrical appliances
(b) Shoe manufacturing
(c) Basket weaving
(d) All of the options

Answer: C

Question. Production in household industries takes place in:
(a) Small quantities
(b) Big quantities
(c) Exponentially large quantities
(d) None of the options

Answer: A

Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.
Cotton textile industry has three sub-sectors i.e. handloom, powerloom and mill sectors. Handloom sector is labour-intensive and provides employment to semi-skilled workers. It requires small capital investment. Why did Mahatma Gandhi propagate Khadi as part of the independence movement? This sector involves spinning, weaving and finishing of the fabrics. The powerloom sector introduces machines and becomes less labour intensive and the volume of production increases. Cotton textile mill sector is highly capital intensive and produces fine clothes in bulk.Cotton textile manufacturing requires good quality cotton as raw material. India, China, USA, Pakistan,Uzbekistan, Egypt produce more than half of the world’s raw cotton. The UK, NW European countries and Japan also produce cotton textile made from imported yarn. Europe alone accounts for nearly half of the world’s cotton imports.

The industry has to face very stiff competition with synthetic fibres hence it has now shown a declining trend in many countries. With the scientific advancement and technological improvements the structure of industries changes. For example, Germany recorded constant growth in cotton textile industry since Second World War till the seventies but now it has declined. It has shifted to less developed countries where labour costs are low.

Question. Name the countries which produce more than 50 per cent of the world’s raw cotton. Why cotton industry is diminishing?
Answer: Counties like India, China, U.S.A, Pakistan, Uzbekistan, and Egypt produce more than 50 per cent of the world’s raw cotton. Cotton industry is showing a diminishing trend as it is facing stiff competition with synthetic fibres.

Question. India is one of the major producers of cotton in the world but this industry is facing many problems nowadays. State any two such problems.
Answer: It is true that India is one of the major producers of cotton in the world but this industry is facing many problems nowadays which are
(i) Indian cotton mill industry has to face stiff competition from powerloom and handloom sector, synthetic fibres and from products of other countries.
(ii) Most of the textile mills are old with obsolete machinery. This results in low productivity and Inferior quality.

Question. Give any two limitations of mill sector of cotton textile industry.
Answer: The limitation of mill sector of cotton textile industries is that is highly capital intensive.It requires a large amount of investment for production.

Read the source given below and answer the following questions.
High technology, Or simply high-tech, is the latest generation of manufacturing activities. It is best understood as the application of intensive Research and Development (R and D) efforts leading to the manufacture of products of an advanced scientific and engineering character. Professional (white collar) workers make up a large share of the total workforce. These highly skilled specialists greatly outnumber the actual production (blue collar) workers. Robotics on the assembly line, Computer -aided Design (CAD) and manufacturing, electronic controls of smelting and refining processes and the constant development of new chemical and pharmaceutical products are notable examples of a high-tech industry.Neatly spaced, low, modern, dispersed, office-plant-lab buildings rather than massive assembly structures, factories and storage areas mark the high-tech industrial landscape. Planned business parks for high-tech start-ups have become part of regional and local development schemes.
High-tech industries which are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly specialised are called technopolies.

The Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle are examples of technopolies. Are some technopolies developing in India? Manufacturing contributes significantly to the world economy. Iron and steel, textiles, automobiles,petrochemicals and electronics are some of the world’s most important manufacturing industries.

Question. What is meent by technopolies? Also give its example.
Answer: Technopolies is the term given to high-tech industries which are regionally concentrated, self-sustained and highly specialised.
Examples of technopolies are Silicon Valley near San Francisco and Silicon Forest near Seattle.

Question. Which characteristics make the high-tech industry an important industry in the world?
Answer: The following characteristics make the high- tech industry an important industry in the world
l High-tech industry is the latest generation of manufacturing activities.
l These industries are based on research and development. Thus, they use modern technologies like internet, GIS system, Remote Sensing Technique and so on.

Question. What is the suitable criteria for setting up of High-tech industry in a region? Give examples of high-tech industry.
Answer: Suitable criteria for the setting up of High-tech industry is
l Neatly spaced areas
l Low, modern, dispersed office-plant-lab buildings
l It does not need massive assembly structures, factories and storage areas
Examples of High-tech industry are Robotics on the assembly line and Computer-aided Design (CAD).

Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.
The iron and steel industry forms the base of all other industries and therefore, it is called a basic industry. It is basic because it provides raw material for other industries such as machine tools used for further production. It may also be called a heavy industry because it uses large quantities of bulky raw materials and its products are also heavy. Iron is extracted from iron ore by smelting in a blast furnace with carbon (coke) and limestone. The molten iron is cooled and moulded to form pig iron which is used for converting into steel by adding strengthening materials like manganese.

The large integrated steel industry is traditionally located close to the sources of raw materials–iron ore, coal, manganese and limestone-or at places where these could be easily brought, e.g. near ports. But in mini steel mills access to markets is more important than inputs. These are less expensive to build and operate and can be located near markets because of the abundance of scrap metal, which is the main input. Traditionally, most of the steel was produced at large integrated plants, but mini mills are limited to just one-step process – steel making – and are gaining ground.

Question. How iron is manufactured from iron ore?
Answer: Iron is extracted from iron ore by smelting in a blast furnace with carbon (coke) and limestone. The molten iron is cooled and moulded to form pig iron which is used for converting into steel by adding strengthening materials like manganese.

Question. Why iron and steel industry is regarded as a key industry and bulky industry ?
Answer: The iron and steel industry forms the base of all other industries and therefore, it is regarded as a key industry.
It is basic because it provides raw material for other industries such as machine tools used for further production.
Iron ore industry may also be called a bulky or heavy industry because it uses large quantities of bulky raw materials and its products are also heavy like machine tools, parts of automobiles, railways and so on.

Question. How significance of mini steel plants is growing in recent time?
Answer: The significance of mini steel plants is gaining in recent time in the following ways
l As compared to large integrated steel industry, mini steel mills need only nearness to market places rather than other location factors; thus, these can be set up anywhere.
l Mini steel mills are less expensive to build and operate.
They need only scrap metal which is the main input.