CBSE Class 12 Geography Geographical Perspective Assignment Set B

I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

“…. Buses merely skirt the periphery. Auto rickshaws cannot go there, Dharavi is part of central Mumbai where three wheelers are banned.Only one main road traverses the slum, the miscalled ‘ninety-foot road’, which has been reduced to less than half of that for most of its length. Some of the side alleys and lanes are so narrow that not even a bicycle can pass. The whole neighbourhood consists of temporary buildings, two or three storeyed high with rusty iron stairways to the upper part, where a single room is rented by a whole family, sometimes accommodating twelve or more people; it is a kind of tropical version of the industrial dwelling of Victorian London’s East End.

But Dharavi is a keeper of more sombre secrets than the revulsion it inspires in the rich; a revulsion, moreover, that is, in direct proportion to the role it serves in the creation of the wealth of Bombay. In this place of shadow less, treeless sunlight,uncollected garbage, stagnant pools of foul water,where the only non- human creatures are the shining black crows and long grey rats, some of the most beautiful, valuable and useful articles in India are made. From Dharavi come delicate ceramics and pottery, exquisite embroidery and zari work, sophisticated leather goods, high-fashion garments, finely-wrought metalwork, delicate jewellery settings, wood carvings and furniture that would find its way into the richest houses, both in India and abroad.

Dharavi was an arm of the sea, that was filled by waste, largely produced by the people who have come to live there: Scheduled Castes and poor Muslims. It comprises rambling buildings of corrugated metal, 20 metres high in places, used for the treatment of hides and tanning. There are pleasant parts, but rotting garbage is everywhere…”

Question. In which state is Dharavi located?
(a) Andhra Pradesh
(B) Maharashtra
(c) Tamil Nadu
(d) Assam

Answer: B

Question. To which place has Dharavi been compared to?
(a) Victorian London’s East End
(B) Victorian London’s West End
(c) Victorian London’s North End
(d) Victorian London’s South End

Answer: A

Question. Which of these are not made in Dharavi?
(a) Jewellery
(B) Pottery
(c) Garments
(d) Stationery

Answer: D

Question. According to the passage, earlier Dharavi was a/an _________ of the sea?
(a) Face
(B) Leg
(c) Arm
(d) Body

Answer: C

Question. How many roads traverse the main slum?
(a) One
(B) Two
(c) Five
(d) Ten

Answer: A

Question. To whom does Dharavi inspire revulsion into?
(a) Poor
(B) Rich
(c) Middle income
(d) All of the options

Answer: B

Question. Which of these is not a characteristic of Dharavi?
(a) Uncollected garbage
(B) Treeless sunlight
(c) Pools of foul water
(d) Closeness to river

Answer: D

Question. Where are the goods made in Dharavi sold to?
(a) India
(B) Overseas
(c) Both (a) and (B)
(d) None of the options

Answer: C

II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

Based on the universal law “Polluter pays”, a silent but strong effort to restore the ecology and safeguard the human health with people’s participation has taken place in Daurala near Meerut. These efforts are now bearing fruits after a span of three years when Meerut based NGO had developed a model for ecological restoration. The recent meeting of the Daurala Industries officials, NGOs, Government officials and other stakeholders at Meerut has brought out results which usually come out mainly through the Court’s decisions The powerful logics, authentic studies and the pressure of the NGO has in a way brought a new lease of life to the twelve thousand residents of this village. It was in the year 2003 that the pitiable condition of Dauralaites drew the attention of the civil society. The groundwater of this village with a population of 12,000 persons was contaminated with heavy metals. The reason was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table and was also being used for irrigation. The activists of the NGO conducted a door-to-door survey of the health status of the residents and came out with a report. The group reported that 192 deaths in the past five years have been recorded in the village due to consumption of contaminated water. The industry came under pressure due to activism. The organisation, the village community and people’s representatives sat together to find out sustainable solutions to this problem. The industrialists showed a keen interest towards checking the deteriorating ecology. The overhead water tank’s capacity in the village was enhanced and a 900 m extra pipeline was laid to serve potable water to the community.

The silted pond of the village has been cleaned and recharged by desilting it. Large quantity of silt was removed paving way to pure water so that it percolated deep down the aquifers. Rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed at different places which has helped in diluting the contaminants of the groundwater after the monsoons. About 1000 trees have also been planted which have improved the environment.

Question. How long has it taken to show results of the efforts taken by the NGO?
(a) One year
(B) Two years
(c) Three years
(d) Five years

Answer: C

Question. What was the groundwater being used for?
(a) Drinking
(B) Irrigation
(c) Cooking food
(d) Preparing juices

Answer: B

Question. What is potable water?
(a) Water fit for drinking
(B) Water fit for bathing
(c) Water fit for watering plants
(d) Water fit for all purposes

Answer: A

Question. How has the groundwater been recharged?
(a) By filtering
(B) By distilling
(c) By desilting
(d) By evaporating

Answer: C

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:

Environmental pollution by solid wastes has now got significance because of enormous growth in the quantity of wastes generated from various sources.Solid waste refers to a variety of old and used articles, for example-stained small pieces of metals,broken glassware, plastic containers, polythene bags, ash, floppies, CDs, etc., dumped at different places. These discarded materials are also termed as refuse, garbage and rubbish, etc. and are disposed of from two sources :
(i) household or domestic establishments, and
(ii) industrial or commercial establishments.

The household wastes are disposed off either on public lands or on private contractors’ sites, whereas the solid wastes of industrial units are collected and disposed off through public(municipal) facilities at low lying public grounds (landfill areas). The huge turnout of ashes and debris from industries, thermal power houses and building constructions or demolitions have posed problems of serious consequences. Solid wastes cause health hazard through creation of obnoxious smell, and harbouring of flies and rodents, which act as carriers of diseases like typhoid, diphtheria, diarrhoea, malaria and cholera, etc. These wastes cause frequent nuisance as and when these are carelessly handled, spread by wind and spluttered through rain water.

Question. ___________ is the unwanted or useless solid materials generated from human activities in residential, industrial or commercial areas.
(a) Industrial waste
(B) Solid waste
(c) Commercial waste
(d) Animal waste

Answer: B

Question. How can we control the solid waste pollution?
(a) By composting
(B) By recycling
(c) By making landfills
(d) All of the options

Answer: D

Question. What are the examples of solid waste?
(a) Commercial refuse
(B) Sludge from water supply
(c) Construction debris
(d) All of the Above

Answer: D

Question. What has caused the increase in solid waste?
(a) Increased trade
(B) Increased urbanization
(c) Increased government policies
(d) None of the options

Answer: B

I. Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.

Based on the universal law “Polluter pays”, effort to restore the ecology and safeguard the human health with people’s participation has taken place in Daurala near Meerut. These efforts are now bearing fruits after a span of three years when Meerut based NGO had developed a model for ecological restoration. The meeting of the Daurala Industries officials, NGOs,Government officials and other stakeholders at Meerut has brought out results. The powerful logics, authentic studies and the pressure of people have brought a new lease of life to the twelve thousand residents of this village. It was in the year 2003 that the pitiable condition of Dauralaites drew the attention of the civil society.
The groundwater of this village was contaminated with heavy metals. The reason was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table. The NGO conducted a door to door survey of the health status of the residents and came out with a report.
The organisation, the village community and people’s representatives sat together to find out sustainable solutions to the health problem. The industrialists showed a keen interest towards checking the deteriorating ecology. The overhead water tank’s capacity in the village was enhanced and a 900m extra pipeline was laid to supply potable water to the community.
The silted pond of the village was cleaned and recharged by desilting it. Large quantity of silt was removed paving way to large quantity of water so that it recharged the aquifers. Rainwater harvesting structures have been constructed at different places which has helped in diluting the contaminants of the groundwater after the monsoons. 1000 trees have also been planted which have improved the environment.

Question. What was the major problem of Daurala village? Who put their efforts to overcome this problem?
Answer: The major problem of Daurala village was that Daurala sites were suffering from contaminated groundwater with heavy metals in the year 2003. Its main reason was that the untreated wastewater of Daurala industries was leaching to the groundwater table.
It was a collective participation of Daurala industries officials, NGOs, Government officials, other stateholders, their powerful logics, authentic studies and people of the village who put their efforts to overcome this problem.

Question. On what basis people of Daurala took initiative to restore the ecology and safeguard the human health in the region?
Answer: People of Daurala took initiatives to restore the ecology and safeguard the human health on the basis of the universal law ‘Polluter pays’.

Question. A numbers of measures were taken to improve the condition of Daurala. State any two such measures.
Answer: The measures taken to improve the condition of Daurala are
(i) The overhead water tank’s capacity in the village was enhanced and a 900 metres extra pipeline was laid to supply potable water to the community.
(ii) Large quantity of silt was removed from the pond which paved the way to large quantity water so that it recharged the aquifers.

II. Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.

Dharavi–Asia’s Largest Slum “…. Buses merely skirt the periphery. Autorickshaws cannot go there, Dharavi is part of central Bombay where three wheelers are banned. Only one main road traverses the slum, the miscalled ‘ninety-foot road’, which has been reduced to less than half of that for most of its length.
Some of the side alleys and lanes are so narrow that not even a bicycle can pass. The whole neighbourhood consists of temporary buildings, two or three storeyed high with rusty iron stairways to the upper part, where a single room is rented by a whole family, sometimes accommodating twelve or more people; it is a kind of tropical version of the
industrial dwelling of Victorian London’s East End.But Dharavi is a keeper of more sombre secrets than the revulsion it inspires in the rich; a revulsion, moreover, that is, in direct proportion to the role it serves in the creation of the wealth of Bombay.
In this place of shadowless, treeless sunlight, uncollected garbage, stagnant pools of foul water, where the only non-human creatures are the shining black crows and long grey rats, some of the most beautiful, valuable and useful articles in India are made. From Dharavi come delicate ceramics and pottery, exquisite embroidery and zari work, sophisticated leather goods, high-fashion garments, finely-wrought metalwork, delicate jewellery settings, wood carvings and furniture that would find its way into the richest houses, both in India and abroad… Dharavi was an arm of the sea that was filled by waste, largely produced by the people who have come to live there: Scheduled Castes and poor Muslims. It comprises rambling buildings of corrugated metal, 20 metres high in places, used for the treatment of hides and tanning. There are pleasant parts, but rotting garbage is everywhere…”

Question. Dharavi slum dwellers live in which type of colony? State their conditions.
Answer: Dharavi slum is a residential area of least choice where people live in the following conditions
– Dilapidated (broken-down) houses. For example, temporary buildings, two or three storeyed high with rusty iron stairways to the upper part, where a single room is rented by a whole family.
– It is a place of shadowless, treeless sunlight, uncollected garbage and stagnant pools of foul water.

Question. Why are three wheelers banned in Dharavi?
Answer: Three wheelers are banned in Dharavi becasue some of the side alleys and lanes are so narrow in Dharavi that not even a bicycle can pass.

Question. Despite of being a slum with least choice, Dharavi is a place where a number of valuable articles are
manufactured. Explain in brief.
Answer: It is true that despite of being a slum with least choice,Dharavi is a place where a number of valuable articles are manufactured. For example, people of Dharavi manufacture a many articles like dilicate ceramics and pottery, exquisite embroidery and zari work, sophisticated leather goods, high-fashion garments, finely-wrought metalwork, delicate jewellery settings, wood carvings and furniture. These articles are sold in both Indian and abroad.

III. Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.

Question. What makes industries the major polluter of water bodies in India? Give examples of these industries.
Answer: Industries are one of the major polluters of water bodies in India as these are the source of a number of undesirable products including industrial wastes, polluted wastewater, poisonous gases, chemical residuals etc.Examples of major water polluting industries are leather industry, pulp and paper industry, textile and chemical industries etc.

Question. Which is the most responsible reason for the decreasing the quality of water?
Answer: Indiscriminate use of water by increasing population and industrial expansion has led to decrease in the quality of water considerably.

Question. How modern agricultural practices have become a major cause of water pollution in India? Explain in brief.
Answer: Modern agricultural practices have become a major cause of water pollution in India due to the fact that agriculture has modernised with the use of various types of chemical fertilisers like inorganic fertilisers, pesticides and herbicides, etc. These pollutants are washed down to rivers, lakes, tanks and pollute them. These harmful chemicals also infiltrate the soil from where they reach the groundwater.