CBSE Class 12 Geography Mineral and Energy Resources Assignment

I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Fossil fuel sources, such as coal, petroleum, natural gas and nuclear energy use exhaustible raw materials. Sustainable energy resources are only the renewable energy sources like solar, wind, hydro geothermal and biomass. These energy sources are more equitably distributed and environment friendly. The non- conventional energy sources will provide more sustained, eco-friendly cheaper energy after the initial cost is taken care of.

Question. What are the sources of fossil fuels?
(a) Coal
(b) Petroleum
(c) Natural gas
(d) All of the Above

Answer: D

Question. Sustainable energy sources:
(a) Solar energy
(b) Nuclear energy
(c) Gas energy
(d) All of the Above

Answer: A

Question. Geothermal energy allows us to fetch energy from:
(a) the Earth’s surface.
(b) beneath the Earth’s surface.
(c) the water bodies.
(d) the air particles.

Answer: B

Question. Renewable energy sources also called:
(a) Non- conventional energy sources
(b) Conventional energy sources
(c) Ferrous energy sources
(d) Non- ferrous energy sources

Answer: A

II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Sun rays tapped in photo voltaic cells can be converted into energy, known as solar energy.The two effective processes considered to be very effective to tap solar energy are photo voltaics and solar thermal technology. Solar thermal technology has some relative advantages over all other non renewable energy sources. It is cost competitive, environment friendly and easy to construct. Solar energy is 7 per cent more effective than coal or oil based plants and 10 per cent more effective than nuclear plants. It is generally used more in appliances like heaters, crop dryers, cookers, etc.The western part of India has greater potential for the development of solar energy in Gujarat and Rajasthan.

Question. Solar energy is a ___________ source of energy.
(a) Conventional
(b) Non- conventional
(c) Perishable
(d) Non- perishable

Answer: B

Question. ___________ system is a system that converts sunlight into heat.
(a) Solar thermal
(b) Solar heat
(c) Solar conversion
(d) Solar calculation

Answer: A

Question. What are the advantages of using Solar energy?
(a) Reduces electricity bills
(b) Low maintenance cost
(c) Diverse applications
(d) All of the Above

Answer: D

Question. States which have great potential to develop Solar energy.
(a) Kerala and Tamil Nadu
(b) Gujarat and Rajasthan
(c) Rajasthan and Uttar Pradesh
(d) Gujarat and Maharashtra

Answer: B

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The challenge of sustainable development requires integration of quest for economic development with environmental concerns. Traditional methods of resource use result into generating enormous quantity of waste as well as create other environmental problems. Hence, for sustainable development calls for the protection of resources for the future generations. There is an urgent need to conserve the resources. The alternative energy sources like solar power, wind, wave, geothermal energy are inexhaustible resources. These should be developed to replace the exhaustible resources.
In case of metallic minerals, use of scrap metals will enable recycling of metals. Use of scrap is especially significant in metals like copper, lead and zinc in which India’s reserves are meagre. Use of substitutes for scarce metals may also reduce their consumption. Export of strategic and scarce minerals must be reduced, so that the existing reserve may be used for a longer period.

Question. Sustainable development calls for the protection of resources for the ________generations.
(a) present
(b) past
(c) future
(d) none of the above

Answer: C

Question. Alternative energy source :
(a) Solar energy
(b) Hydro energy
(c) Tidal energy
(d) All of the Above

Answer: D

Question. Why is the conservation of mineral resources important?
(a) They are limited in number.
(b) They are the country’s asset.
(c) Indispensable part of our lives.
(d) All of the above.

Answer: D

Question. Why is scrap metal important?
(a) Less pollution
(b) Can be recycled
(c) Can be exported
(d) Great country asset

Answer: B

I. Read the case/source given and answer the questions that follow.
India is endowed with fairly abundant resources of iron ore. It has the largest reserve of iron ore in Asia. The two main types of ore found in our country are haematite and magnetite. It has great demand in international market due to its superior quality. The iron ore mines occur in close proximity to the coal fields in the North-Eastern plateau region of the country which adds to their advantage. About 95 per cent of total reserves of iron ore is located in the States of Odisha, Jharkhand, Chhattisgarh, Karnataka, Goa,Telangana, Andhra Pradesh and Tamil Nadu. In Odisha, iron ore occurs in a series of hill ranges in Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj and Jhar.
The important mines are Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhaj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar) and Bonai (Sundergarh). Similar hill ranges,Jharkhand has some of the oldest iron ore mines and most of the iron and steel plants are located around them. Most of the important mines such as Noamundi and Gua are located in Poorbi and Pashchimi Singhbhum districts. This belt further extends to Durg, Dantewara and Bailadila. Dalli and Rajhara in Durg are the important mines of iron ore in the country. In Karnataka, iron ore deposits occur in Sandur-Hospet area of Ballari district, Baba Budan hills and Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru district and parts of Shivamogga,Chitradurg and Tumakuru districts. The districts of Chandrapur, Bhandara and Ratnagiri in Maharashtra, Karimnagar and Warangal district of Telangana, Kurnool, Cuddapah and Anantapur districts of Andhra Pradesh, Salem and Nilgiris districts of Tamil Nadu are other iron mining regions. Goa has also emerged as an important producer of iron ore.

Question. What makes India the largest producer in Asia?
Answer: Iron ore is the mineral which makes India the largest producer in Asia. India has the largest reserve of iron-ore in the continent.

Question. List the iron ore distribution in two significant states that produce it.
Answer: Odisha and Jharkhand are two significant states producing iron ore
– In Odisha, iron ore occurs in a series of hill ranges in Sundergarh, Mayurbhanj and Jhar. Gurumahisani, Sulaipet, Badampahar (Mayurbhanj), Kiruburu (Kendujhar) and Bonai (Sundergarh) are important mines.
– Jharkhand has some of the oldest mines in India. Most of the iron and steel plants are located around these mines.Important iron-ore mines are Noamundi and Gua in Poorbi and Paschimi Singhbhum district.

Question. Explain the distribution of iron ore in two coastal states of India.
Answer: The distribution of iron ore in two coastal states of India is
(i) Karnataka Iron ore deposits occur in Sandur-Hospet area of Ballari district, Baba Budan hills and Kudremukh in Chikkamagaluru, parts of Shivamogga,Chitradurga and Tumakuru districts.
(ii) Maharashtra Important iron ore deposits are located in Chandrapur, Bhandara and Ratnagiri districts.

II. Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.
Nuclear energy has emerged as a viable source in recent times. Important minerals used for the generation of nuclear energy are uranium and thorium. Uranium deposits occur in the Dharwar rocks. Geographically, uranium ores are known to occur in several locations along the Singbhum Copper belt. It is also found in Udaipur, Alwar and Jhunjhunu districts of Rajasthan, Durg district of Chhattisgarh, Bhandara district of Maharashtra and Kullu district of Himachal Pradesh. Thorium is mainly obtained from monazite and ilmenite in the beach sands along the coast of Kerala and Tamil Nadu. World’s richest monazite deposits occur in Palakkad and Kollam districts of Kerala, near Visakhapatnam in Andhra Pradesh and Mahanadi river delta in Odisha. Atomic Energy Commission was established in 1948, progress could be made only after the establishment of the Atomic Energy Institute at Trombay in 1954 which was renamed as the Bhabha Atomic Research Centre in 1967. The important nuclear power projects are Tarapur (Maharashtra), Rawatbhata near Kota (Rajasthan), Kalpakkam (Tamil Nadu), Narora (Uttar Pradesh), Kaiga (Karnataka) and Kakarapara (Gujarat).
When the magma from the interior of earth, comes out on the surface, tremendous heat is released. This heat energy can successfully be tapped and converted to electrical energy. Apart from this, the hot water that gushes out through the geyser wells is also used in the generation of thermal energy. It is popularly known as geothermal energy.
This energy is now considered to be one of the key energy sources which can be developed as an alternate source. The hot springs and geysers are being used since medieval period. In India, a geothermal energy plant has been commissioned at Manikaran in Himachal Pradesh.

Question. Which area in India are sources of minerals used in nuclear energy?
Answer: Areas in India which are sources of minerals (uranium and thorium) used in nuclear energy are Distribution of Uranium It is found in Dharwar rock system. Important regions are
– Jharkhand Along Singhbhum copper belt
– Rajasthan Udaipur, Alwar and Jhunjhunu districts Distribution of Thorium It is mainly obtained from monazite and ilumenite in the beach sands. The states having world’s richest monazite deposits are
– Kerala Palakkad and Kollam districts
– Odisha Mahanadi river delta

Question. Name the minerals essential for producing nuclear fuel.
Answer: Important minerals such as uranium and thorium are used to generate nuclear fuel or energy.

Question. Explain the energy sources that is tapped from the interior of the earth.
Answer. Geothermal energy is tapped from the interior of the earth. It refers to energy generated by the tremendous heat of magma, that comes over the earth’s surface from the interior of earth. This heat energy can be converted into electrical energy. Apart from this, hot water from the geyser wells is also used to generate geothermal energy.

III. Read the case/source given and answer the following questions.
Metallic minerals are the sources of metals. Iron ore, copper, gold produce metal are included in this category. Metallic minerals are further divided into ferrous and non-ferrous metallic minerals. Ferrous, as you know, refers to iron. All those minerals which have iron content are ferrous such as iron ore itself and those which do not have iron content are non-ferrous such as copper, bauxite, etc. Non-metallic minerals are either organic in origin such as fossil fuels also known as mineral fuels which are derived from the buried animal and plant life such as coal and petroleum. Other type of non-metallic minerals are inorganic in origin such as mica, limestone and graphite, etc. Minerals have certain characteristics. These are unevenly distributed over space. There is inverse relationship in quality and quantity of minerals i.e. good quality minerals are less in quantity as compared to low quality minerals. The third main characteristic is that all minerals are exhaustible over time. These take long to develop geologically and they cannot be replenished immediately at the time of need.
Thus, they have to be conserved and not misused as they do not have the second crop. Most of the metallic minerals in India occur in the peninsular plateau region in the old crystalline rocks. Over 97 per cent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar, Sone, Mahanadi and Godavari. Petroleum reserves are located in the sedimentary basins of Assam, Gujarat and Mumbai High i.e. off-shore region in the Arabian Sea. New reserves have been located in the Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri basins. Most of the major mineral resources occur to the East of a line linking Mangaluru and Kanpur.

Question. What do you understand by organic minerals?
Answer: Organic minerals are a type of non-metallic minerals.
These are made up of organic matter of buried animals and plants. For example, fossil/mineral fuels like coal, petroleum, etc.

Question. India has vast reserves of coal and petroleum but they are found at different locations. Explain in brief.
Answer: It is true that India has vast reserves of coal and petroleum but they are found at different locations. Over 97 per cent of coal reserves occur in the valleys of Damodar, Sone, Mahanadi and Godavari. Petroleum reserves are located in the sedimentary basins of Assam, Gujarat and Mumbai High i.e. off shore region in the
Arabian Sea. New reserves have been located in the Krishna-Godavari and Kaveri basins also.

Question.Classify metallic minerals on the basis of their composition.
Answer: On the basis of composition, metallic minerals are classified into two forms
(i) Ferrous Minerals These minerals are rich in iron content and are an important source of iron.
(ii) Non-ferrous Minerals These minerals do not have iron content and have high proportion of other metals. For e.g. copper, bauxite, etc.