CBSE Class 12 Geography Migration Assignment Set 01

CHAPTER 2

MIGRATION

Question Q1. What is migration?
Answer: Spatial mobility.
In simple words: Migration refers to the movement of people from one place to another across space.

Exam Tip: Keep concise definitions memorized for one-mark questions.

Question Q2. Which are the four streams of migration in India?
Answer: Rural to Rural, Rural to Urban, Urban to Urban, and Urban to Rural.
In simple words: The four major streams represent movements between rural and urban areas.

Exam Tip: Remember the combination of rural and urban origins and destinations.

Question Q3. Which factor is responsible for highest migration for Mumbai?
Answer: Economic factor, i.e., pull factor.
In simple words: Economic opportunities attract large numbers of migrants to metropolitan cities like Mumbai.

Exam Tip: Link metropolitan migration directly to employment and economic pull factors.

Question Q4. What is cause of migration of Indians to other countries?
Answer: Better employment.
In simple words: People move internationally seeking better jobs and higher living standards.

Exam Tip: International migration is primarily driven by economic betterment.

Question Q5. Name any two beneficiary states of India from International migrant remittances?
Answer: Punjab and Kerala.
In simple words: These states receive significant financial support from residents working abroad.

Exam Tip: Kerala and Punjab are classic examples frequently cited for international remittances in Indian geography.

Question Q6. Name any two main consequences of migration
Answer: Economic and environmental consequences.
In simple words: Migration impacts both financial systems and the surrounding natural and urban environment.

Exam Tip: Broadly classify consequences into economic, social, demographic, and environmental categories.

Question Q9. Explain economic, social and demographic consequences of migration. Write two points of each.
Answer:
Economic consequences:
(i) Plays important role in the development of industries and agriculture.
(ii) Development of slums is a negative impact of migration.
Social consequences:
(i) Flow of new thoughts like family planning, female education and new technology from urban to rural areas.
(ii) Mixing of two cultures together.
Demographic consequences:
(i) Redistribution of population in the country.
(ii) Affecting sex ratio of the state.
In simple words: Migration brings changes to economic output, cultural exchange, and population distribution.

Exam Tip: Structure multi-part answers clearly with subheadings and numbered points to secure full marks.

Question Q10. Distinguish between push and pull factors:
Answer:
Push factors:
1. People migrate from rural area to urban area due to unemployment in the village.
2. Caused due to overpopulation and pressure on agriculture land.
3. Hamper rural development.
Pull factors:
1. People migrate from rural to urban area in search of better education, medical facility and employment.
2. Caused due to weak infrastructure in the rural area.
3. Helps in urban development.
In simple words: Push factors drive people away from a place, while pull factors attract them to a new destination.

Exam Tip: Use comparative bullet points when answering distinction questions.

Question Q11. Why do more people migrate from rural area to urban area?
Answer: Causes of Migration of people from rural area to Urban area:
(i) Better Education facilities in towns and cities.
(ii) Developed medical facilities found in cities.
(iii) More employment in industries around cities.
In simple words: Urban areas offer superior facilities and job opportunities compared to rural areas.

Exam Tip: Focus on infrastructural and economic disparities between rural and urban sectors.

Question Q12. What are the main causes of Migration in India?
Answer: There are several causes of migration in India categorized under push and pull factors:
(1) Poverty
(2) Lack of Health
(3) Lack of Education facilities
(4) Natural Calamities - Flood, Drought etc.
(5) War
(6) Marriage
(7) Job opportunities
(8) High wages
(9) Education facilities
(10) Secured places
(11) Health facilities
(12) Entertainment
In simple words: Migration is caused by a mix of adverse conditions at home and attractive opportunities elsewhere.

Question Q13. Describe the Positive and Negative consequences of Migration in India
Answer:
(1) Economic Consequences:
- Positive consequence - A major benefit for the source region is the remittance sent by migrants.
- Negative consequences - Development of Slums in industrially developed states.
(2) Demographic Consequences:
- Positive Consequence - It leads to the redistribution of the population within a country.
- Negative Consequences - It lead to serious imbalances in age and sex composition.
(3) Social Consequences:
- Positive Consequences - It leads to intermixing of people from diverse cultures.
- Negative Consequences - It leads to anonymity, social vacuum and sense of dejection, may motivate people to crime and drug abuse.
(4) Environmental Consequences:
- Positive Consequences - Migration from urban to rural areas after retirement leads to peace and nearness to nature.
- Negative Consequence - It leads to unplanned growth of Urban settlement and formation of Slums Shanty Colonies.
In simple words: Every form of migration has dual outcomes, bringing benefits as well as developmental and social challenges.

Exam Tip: Ensure you mention both positive and negative aspects across all four dimensions (Economic, Demographic, Social, Environmental).

Question Q14. Name one male dominated and one female dominated streams of migratioin in India
Answer:
1. Male dominated: Rural to Urban
2. Female dominated: Rural to rural
In simple words: Rural to urban migration is mostly for work by males, while rural to rural migration is often driven by marriage among females.

Exam Tip: Remember that marriage is the primary reason for female-dominated rural-to-rural migration in India.