CBSE Class 12 Geography Transport and Communication Assignment Set C

I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Roads laid along international boundaries are called border roads. They play an important role in integrating people in remote areas with major cities and providing defence. Almost all countries have such roads to transport goods to border villages and military camps.Railways are a mode of land transport for bulky goods and passengers over long distances. The railway gauges vary in different countries and are roughly classified as broad(more than 1.5 m), standard (1.44 m), metre gauge (1 m) and smaller gauges. The standard gauge is used in the U.K. Commuter trains are very popular in U.K., U.S.A, Japan and India. These carry millions of passengers daily to and from in the city. There are about 13 lakh km of railways open for traffic in the world.Europe has one of the most dense rail networks in the world. There are about 4,40,000 km of railways, most of which is double or multipletracked.

Belgium has the highest density of 1 km of railway for every 6.5 sq kms area. The industrial regions exhibit some of the highest densities in the world. The important rail heads are London, Paris, Brussels, Milan, Berlin and Warsaw. Passenger transport is more important than freight in many of these countries. Underground railways are important in London and Paris. Channel Tunnel,operated by Euro Tunnel Group through England,connects London with Paris.

Question. Roads laid along international boundaries are called:
(a) border roads
(b) Railroads
(c) Security roads
(d) Rural roads

Answer: A

Question. What is the measurement of standard gauge?
(a) 1.44 m
(b) 1.39 m
(c) 1.47 m
(d) 1.48m

Answer: A

Question. What is the other name of underground railway system?
(a) Subway
(b) Tube
(c) Metro
(d) All of t

Answer: D

Question. Where is highest density of railways found?
(a) Rural areas
(b) Urban areas
(c) Administrative areas
(d) Industrial areas

Answer: D

II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Suez canal had been constructed in 1869 in Egypt between Port Said in the north and Port Suez in the south linking the Mediterranean Sea and the Red Sea. It gives Europe a new gateway to the Indian Ocean and reduces direct sea-route distance between Liverpool and Colombo compared to the Cape of Good Hope route. It is a sea-level canal without locks which is about 160 km and 11 to 15 m deep. About 100 ships travel daily and each ship takes 10-12 hours to cross this canal. The tolls are so heavy that some find it cheaper to go by the longer Cape Route whenever the consequent delay is not important. A railway follows the canal to Suez,and from Ismailia there is a branch line to Cairo. A navigable fresh-water canal from the Nile also joins the Suez Canal in Ismailia to supply fresh-water to Port Said and Suez.

Question. When was the Suez Canal constructed?
(a) 1889
(b) 1879
(c) 1869
(d) 1859

Answer: C

Question. Which country owns the Suez Canal?
(a) Egypt
(b) Cairo
(c) Saudi Arabia
(d) Nigeria

Answer: A

Question. Why is Suez Canal important?
(a) Provides trade links
(b) Shortest maritime route from Europe to Asia
(c) Pirate free route
(d) None of the Above

Answer: B

Question. Suez Canal connects which two water bodies?
(a) Indian Sea with South China Sea
(b) Mediterranean Sea to the Indian Ocean
(c) Red Sea to Indian Ocean
(d) Pacific Sea to Arctic Sea

Answer: B

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Air transport is the fastest means of transportation, but it is very costly. Being fast, it is preferred by passengers for long-distance travel. Valuable cargo can be moved rapidly on a world-wide scale. It is often the only means to reach inaccessible areas. Air transport has brought about a connectivity revolution in the world. The frictions created by mountainous now fields or inhospitable desert terrains have been overcome. The accessibility has increased. The air-plane brings varied articles to the Eskimos in Northern Canada unhindered by the frozen ground. In the Himalayan region, the routes are often obstructed due to landslides, avalanches or heavy snow fall. At such times, air travel is the only alternative to reach a place. Airways also have great strategic importance. The air strikes by U.S. and British forces in Iraq bears testimony to this fact. The airways network is expanding very fast.The manufacturing of air crafts and their operations require elaborate infrastructure like hangars, landing, fuelling, and maintenance facilities for the air crafts. The construction of airports is also very expensive and has developed more in highly industrialised countries where there is a large volume of traffic.

Although, U.K. pioneered the use of commercial jet transport, U.S.A. developed largely post-War international civil aviation. Today, more than 250 commercial airlines offer regular services to different parts of the world. Recent developments can change the future course of air transport. Supersonic aircraft, cover the distance between London and New York within three and a half hours.

Question. Why is air transport preferred by passengers for long-distance travel?
(a) Costly means of transport
(b) Fastest means of transport
(c) Longest means of transport
(d) None of the Above

Answer: B

Question. What revolution has been brought by the air transport?
(a) Connectivity
(b) Stability
(c) Infrastructure
(d) Political

Answer: A

Question. Who pioneered the use of commercial jet transport?
(a) USA
(b) UK
(c) Germany
(d) USSR

Answer: B

Question. _________ is an aircraft able to fly faster than the speed of sound.
(a) Supersonic aircraft
(b) Fighter aircraft
(c) Commercial aircraft
(d) Military aircraft

Answer: A

Read the case/source given and answer the questions that follow.
One of the great advantages of water transportation is that it does not require route construction. The oceans are linked with each other and are negotiable with ships of various sizes. All that is needed is to provide port facilities at the two ends. It is much cheaper because the friction of water is far less than that of land. The energy cost of water transportation is lower. Water transport is divided into sea routes and inland waterways.Rivers, canals, lakes and coastal areas have been important waterways since time immemorial. Boats and steamers are used as means of transport for cargo and passengers. The development of inland waterways is dependent on the navigability width and depth of the channel, continuity in the water flow and transport technology in use. Rivers are the only means of transport in dense forests. Very heavy cargo like coal, cement, timber and metallic ores can be transported through inland waterways. In ancient times, riverways were the main highways of transportation as in the case of India. But they lost importance because of competition from railways, lack of water due to diversion for irrigation and their poor maintenance. The significance of rivers as inland waterways for domestic and international transport and trade has been recognised throughout the developed world. Despite inherent limitations,many rivers have been modified to enhance their navigability by dredging, stabilising river banks and building dams and barrages for regulating the flow of water. The following river waterways are some of the world’s important highways of commerce.

Question. How inland waterways are different from sea routes?
Answer: Inland waterways are rivers, lakes, canals used for transportation within the country but sea routes are water transportation routes on seas and oceAnswer.

Question. What is water transport?
Answer: Water transport is the process of moving people, goods etc by boat ferries, ships or sailboats over water bodies like sea, oceans, lakes, canals,rivers etc.

Question. In what ways, oceanic routes are beneficial for us?
Answer: Oceanic routes are beneficial in the following ways
l There is no need to construct routes over the oceans due to which the construction cost is saved.
l It is much cheaper mode of transport because of the less
friction of water as compared to land.

Read the case/source given and answer the questions that follow.
Air transport is the fastest means of transportation,but it is very costly. Being fast, it is preferred by passengers for long-distance travel. Valuable cargo can be moved rapidly on a  world-wide scale. It is often the only means to reach inaccessible areas. Air transport has brought about a connectivity revolution in the world. The frictions created by mountainous snow fields or inhospitable desert terrains have been overcome. The accessibility has increased. The airplane brings varied articles to the Eskimos in Northern Canada unhindered by the frozen ground. In the Himalayan region, the routes are often obstructed due to landslides, avalanches or heavy snow fall.

At such times, air travel is the only alternative to reach a place. The manufacturing of aircrafts and their operations require elaborate infrastructure like hangars, landing, fuelling and maintenance facilities for the aircrafts. The construction of airports is also very expensive and has developed more in highly industrialised countries where there is a large volume of traffic. At present no place in the world is more than 35 hours away. This startling fact has been made possible due to people who build and fly airplanes. Travel by air can now be measured by hours and minutes instead of years and months. Frequent air services are available to many parts of the world. Although, UK pioneered the use of commercial jet transport, USA developed largely post-War international civil aviation. Today, more than 250 commercial airlines offer regular services to different parts of the world. Recent developments can change the future course of air transport. Supersonic aircraft, cover the distance between London and New York within three and a half hours.

Question. What are the reasons for the increasing popularity of air transport in the recent time, in spite of its high cost?
Answer: The reasons for the increasing popularity of air transport in the recent time inspite of its high cost are
l Valuable and perishable goods can be easily transported rapidly on a worldwide scale from one country to another.
l The areas which were previously inaccessible have become easily accessible due to air transport. For example, Himalayan region, Alaska region, etc.

Question. Which regions of the world are experiencing major developments in air transport? Explain.
Answer: US and UK are among the top regions of the world that are experiencing major developments in air transport.
They have developed civil aviation facilities and technology. Highly industrialised countries that have large volume of traffic are also experiencing major developments in air transport.

Question. State any one disadvantage of air transport.
Answer: A disadvantage of air transport is that it is very costly as compared to other modes of transport and thus, beyond the reach of poor people.

Read the case/source given and answer the questions that follow.
Cyberspace is the world of electronic computerised space. It is encompassed by the internet such as the World Wide Web (WWW). In simple words, it is the electronic digital world for communicating or accessing information over computer networks without physical movement of the sender and the receiver. It is also referred to as the Internet. Cyberspace exists everywhere. It may be in an office,sailing boat, flying plane and virtually anywhere.

The speed at which this electronic network has spread is unprecedented in human history. There were less than 50 million Internet users in 1995, about 400 million in 2000 A.D and over two billion in 2010. In the last few years there has been a shift among global users from U.S.A. to the developing countries. The percentage share of U.S.A. has dropped from 66 in 1995 to only 25 in 2005. Now the majority of the world’s users are in U.S.A., U.K.,Germany, Japan, China and India. As billions use the internet each year, cyberspace will expand the contemporary economic and social space of humans through e-mail, e-commerce, e-learning and e-governance. Internet together with fax, television and radio will be accessible to more and more people cutting across place and time. It is the modern communication systems, more than transportation, that has made the concept of global village a reality.

Question. How has internet revolutionised the world?
Answer: Internet has revolutionised the world in the following ways
l It has widened the economic and social space of humans through e-mail, e-commerce, e-learning and e-governance.
l Internet together with fax, television and radio is accessible to more and more people cutting across place and time. It is the modern communication system that has made the concept of global village a reality.

Question. Which term is used to refer to accessing information over computers?
Answer: The term used to refer to accessing information over computers is called cyberspace. It is the world of electronic computerised space.

Question. Why there has been a shift among global users in internet?
Answer: There has been a shift from USA to developing countries among internet users as internet is spreading rapidly to India, China, Japan and other developing countries of the world. The number of users is much higher in these countries.