CBSE Class 12 Geography Human Development Assignment Set B

I. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The concept of human development was introduced by Dr. Mahbub-ul-Haq. Dr Haq has described human development as development that enlarges people’s choices and improves their lives. People are central to all development under this concept. These choices are not fixed but keep on changing. The basic goal of development is to create conditions where people can live meaningful lives. A meaningful life is not just a long one. It must be a life with some purpose. This means that people must be healthy, be able to develop their talents, participate in society and be free to achieve their goals.

Question. According to Dr. Haq’s concept of human development, who is central to all development?
(a) Countries
(b) Continents
(c) People
(d) Policies

Answer: C

Question. How does HDI help the United Nations?
(a) Helps to determine which country needs assistance
(b) Helps to determine which country is economical strong
(c) Helps to determine which country has dictatorship
(d) None of the options

Answer: A

Question. Why is Human Development information important?
(a) Measure’s development of a country
(b) Measure’s the progress made in terms of government policies
(c) Measure death rate
(d) Measure countries import and export

Answer: A

Question. State one important means to Human Development rather an end in itself?
(a) Income growth
(b) Emigration
(c) Migration
(d) Birth rate

Answer: A

II. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
Equity refers to making equal access to opportunities available to everybody. The opportunities available to people must be equal irrespective of their gender, race, income and in the Indian case, caste.Yet this is very often not the case and happens in almost every society. For example, in any country, it is interesting to see which group the most of the school dropouts belong to. This should then lead to an understanding of the reasons for such behaviour. In India, a large number of women and persons belonging to socially and economically backward groups drop out of school. This shows that the choices of these groups get limited by not having access to knowledge.

Sustainability means continuity in the availability of opportunities. To have sustainable human development, each generation must have the same opportunities. All environmental, financial and human resources must be used keeping in mind the future. Misuse of any of these resources will lead to fewer opportunities for future generations. A good example is about the importance of sending girls to school. If a community does not stress the importance of sending its girlchildren to school, many opportunities will be lost to these young women when they grow up. Their career choices will be severely curtailed and this would affect other aspects of their lives. So, each generation must ensure the availability of choices and opportunities to its future generations.Productivity here means human labour productivity or productivity in terms of human work. Such productivity must be constantly enriched by building capabilities in people. Ultimately, it is people who are the real wealth of nations. Therefore, efforts to increase their knowledge, or provide better health facilities ultimately leads to better work efficiency.

Question. __________ comes from the idea of moral equality.
(a) Morality
(b) Equity
(c) Opportunities
(d) Curtesy

Answer: B

Question. Why do we need equity?
(a) To create true equality of opportunity
(b) To create education opportunity
(c) To create sustainability opportunity
(d) None of the options

Answer: A

Question. What are the goals of sustainable development?
(a) economic growth
(b) environmental stewardship
(c) social inclusion
(d) All of the options

Answer: D

Question. What does productivity refer to within the concept of Human Development?
(a) Power to make choices
(b) Human labour productivity
(c) Environmental growth
(d) Educational opportunities

Answer: B

III. Read the case study given below and answer the questions that follow:
The human development index (HDI) ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas of health, education and access to resources.
These rankings are based on a score between 0 to 1 that a country earns from its record in the key areas of human development. The indicator chosen to assess health is the life expectancy at birth. A higher life expectancy means that people have a greater chance of living longer and healthier lives. The adult literacy rate and the gross enrolment ratio represent access to knowledge. The number of adults who are able to read and write and the number of children enrolled in schools show how easy or difficult it is to access knowledge in a particular country. Access to resources is measured in terms of purchasing power (in U.S. dollars). Each of these dimensions is given a weightage of 1/3. The human development index is a sum total of the weights assigned to all these dimensions. The closer a score is to one, the greater is the level of human development. Therefore, a score of 0.983 would be considered very high while 0.268 would mean a very low level of human development. The human development index measures attainments in human development. It reflects what has been achieved in the key areas of human development. Yet it is not the most reliable measure. This is because it does not say anything about the distribution. The human poverty index is related to the human development index. This index measures the shortfall in human development.

Question. The ___________ ranks the countries based on their performance in the key areas of health, education and access to resources.
(a) HDI
(b) HMI
(c) GDP
(d) GHI

Answer: A

Question. A _________ life expectancy means that people have a greater chance of living longer and healthier lives.
(a) Lower
(b) Higher
(c) Medium
(d) Stagnant

Answer: B

Question. How is access to resources measured?
(a) In terms of selling power
(b) In terms of purchasing power
(c) In terms of government control
(d) None of the options

Answer: B

Question. What is the indicator of the poverty of community in a country?
(a) Individual Poverty Index
(b) Human Poverty Index
(c) Country Poverty Index
(d) Personal Poverty Index

Answer: B