CBSE Class 10 Social Science Resources And Development Notes Set B

Resource Planning in India : It involves :

1. Identification and inventory of resources across the regions of the country.
2. Evolving a planning structure endowed with appropriate technology, skill and institutional set up far implementing resource development plans.
3. Matching the resources development plans with over all national development plans.

Land use Pattern in India :

– Total geographical area of India is 3.28 million sq. km.
– Land use data however is available only for 93% of the total area because the land use reporting far most of the North-East States except Assam has not been done fully.
– Some area of Jammu and Kashmir occupied by Pakistan and China have also not been surveyed.
– The land under permanent pasture has also decreased.
– Fallow land – left without cultivation far one or less than one agricultural year.
– Net sown area total -total area sown in an agricultural year.
– More net sown area in Punjab and Haryana.
– Less net sown area in Arunachal Pradesh, Mizoram, Manipur and Andaman Nicobar Islands.
– National Forest Policy in India in 1952.
– Waste land includes rocky, Arid and desert area and land put to other non agricultural uses includes settlements, roads, railways, industry etc.
– Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it.

Notes For NCERT Class 10 Social Science Chapter 1 Resources and Development

Key Concepts to Remember-

• Renewable Resources- Resources which can be reproduces or renewed by physical, chemical or mechanical process. Eg.Solar, wind.

• Non-Renewable Resources-Resources which get exhausted with their use.Eg. Coal, Petroleum.

• Individual resources-Owned by individuals Eg. Own land, House.

• Community Owned Resources- Resources which are accessible to all the members of the community Eg. Parks, Playground.
• National Resources-Resources which belong to the nation. Eg. Roads, Railways.

• International resources-Resources which no individual country can utilize. Eg. Oceanic waters beyond 200 km

• Potential resources-Resources found in a region but not in use. Eg. Solar Energy in Rajasthan, wind in Gujarat.

• Stock- Resources available but do not have appropriate technology to access.Eg Lack of technical know how to use hydrogen and oxygen as source of energy.

• Reserve- Subset of stock. Can be used for future needs.Eg. Water in the dams, forest resources.

• Development of Resources
• It means the extraction and utilization of resources using the available technology, to satisfy human needs.

• Sustainable development
a)Development should take place without damaging the environment.
b)Present development status should continue and grow in future.
c)Development in the present should not compromise with the needs of the future

• Land under important relief features in India –
Plains-43%,Mountains-30%, Plateaus-27%

• Land Degradation
Continuous use of land over a long period of time without taking appropriate measures to conserve and manage it.

• Soil erosion
The denudation of the soil cover and subsequent washing down is soil erosion.

• Reasons for soil erosion include
a) Human activities like deforestation, over grazing, construction, mining, defective method of farming etc
b) Natural forces like wind, glacier and water flow

Types of Erosion

• Gully Erosion-the running water cuts through the clayey soils and makes deep channels known as gullies.This makes the land bad land and in the Chambal basin such land is known as ravines.

• Sheet Erosion-When top soil over large area is washed away it is known as sheet erosion.

• Methods to prevent Soil Erosion in Hilly Area
a) Ploughing along the contour lines-contour ploughing
b) Terrace cultivation
c) Strip farming
d) Shelter belts