CBSE Class 10 Social Science Sectors Of Indian Economy Notes Set B

• Primary sector: When we produce goods by exploiting natural resources, it is an activity of the primary sector.
• Secondary sector: Covers activities in which natural products are changed into other forms through ways of manufacturing, it is also called as industrial sector.
• Tertiary sector: Activities that help in the development of the primary and secondary sectors. Since these activities generate services rather than goods, it is also called the service sector
• Gross Domestic Product (GDP): It is the value of all final goods and services produced within a country during a particular year.
• Underemployment: This is the situation of where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential. This kind of underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does not have a job. Hence, it is also called disguised unemployment.
• Mahatma Gandhi National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005. (MNREGA 2005): Under NREGA 2005, all those who are able to, and are in need of, work have been guaranteed 100 days of employment in a year by the government. If the government fails in its duty to provide employment, it will give unemployment allowances to the people.
• Organised sector: It covers those enterprises or places of work where the terms of employment are regular and therefore, people have assured work.
• The unorganized sector: is characterised by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. There are rules and regulations but these are not followed.
• Public sector: In this sector government owns most of the assets and provides all the services.
• Private sector: In this sector ownership of assets and delivery of services is in the hands of private individuals or companies.
• Unemployment: It is a situation where the able bodied persons willing to work but are not able to get a work.

Sector of Economic Activities :

Primary Sector : When we produce a good by exploiting natural resources. It is an activity of the primary sector also known as agriculture and related sector.

Secondary Sector : Natural products are changed into others forms through ways of manufacturing. Also known as Industrial sector.

Tertiary Sector : These activities , by themselves, do not produce a good but they are an aid or a support for the production process. Also known as service sector.

Gross Domestic Production : the total value of final goods and services produced in each sector during a particular year provides the total production of the sector for that year.

Rising importance of the Tertiary Sector :

– In any country several services such as hospitals, educational institution, defence, transport, banks etc. are required.
– The development of agriculture and industry leads to the development of services such transport, banks are required.
– The development of agriculture and industry lends to the development of services such as transport, trade, storage.
– As income levels rise, certain sections of people start demanding many more services like tourism, shopping, private hospitals and private schools etc.
– Over the past decade or so certain new services such as those based on information and communications technology.

Disguised unemployment : More people engaged in than the people required for work. People do less work than their efficiency.

National Rural Employment Guarantee Act 2005

– 100 days work guarantee in year by the government.
– If government fails in its duty to provide employment. It will give unemployment allowances.
– Types of work given to improve production of land.

Organised Sector :

– Terms of employment are regular
– Registered by government
– Follows various rules and regulations
– It has some formal processes and procedures.

Unorganised Sector :

– Small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government.
– There are rules and regulations but these are not followed.
– Employment is not secure.

Short Answer type Questions

Question.What are final goods? Write two examples?
Answer. Final goods are those goods which are used either for the final consumption or for capital formation. These are not resold. In short, final goods have crossed the boundary line of production, and are ready for the use by the final users. Cloth, air conditioners and refrigerators are exampies of final goods.

Question. What is meant by enterprise? Classify enterprises on the basis of ownership.
Answer. When a person, a group of persons, is engaged in the production or distribution of goods or services which are meant mainly for the purpose of sale, it is called an enterprise. Enterprises can be classified into Private and Public-sector enterprise

Question. State any three need for protecting the Public sector?
Answer.
- To achieve social justice and equity
- To provide basic services at an affordable price
- Generating employment opportunities

Question. Distinguished between the organized and the unorganized sector.
Answer. Organized Sector
i) The sector is registered by the government.
ii) The terms of employment are regular.
iii) The sector is governed by various laws such as the factories act, minimum wages act, etc.

Question. State any three causes of unemployment?
Answer. i) Insufficient economic development: It is true that under the planned development millions of new jobs were created but the number of job lookers was much more than those jobs.
ii) Defective system of education: In our educational system, there is lack of training facilities, lack of vocational and professional guidance.
iii) Slow growth of industrialization: Slow growth of industrialization in the country is yet another cause of unemployment in the urban areas.

Question. What are basic services? How do they contribute for the growth of Tertiary sector?
Answer. In any country, several services such as hospitals, educational institutions, post and telegraph services, police stations, courts, village administrative offices, Municipal Corporation, Defence, transport, banks, insurance companies, etc. are required. These are considered as the basic services. Owing to growing income and demand for such services tertiary sector becoming important.

Unorganized sector
i) The sector is not registered by the government.
ii) The terms of employment are not regular.
iii) The sector is not governed by any act.

Question. Explain the process to calculate GDP.
Answer. It is undertaken by the Central Government Ministry after collecting all the data from the different states and the Union Territories.

Question. Distinguish between unemployment and underemployment.
Answer. Unemployment is a situation where the able-bodied persons willing to work but are not able to get a work.

Underemployment is the situation of where people are apparently working but all of them are made to work less than their potential. This kind of underemployment is hidden in contrast to someone who does not have a job. Hence, it is also called disguised unemployment.

Long Answer type Questions

Question. What are the measures to reduce unemployment?
Answer. i) Rural works programme: This program aims at construction of civil works of permanent nature in rural areas.
ii) Integrated Dry land agriculturaldevelopment: Under This scheme, permanent works like soil conservation, development of land water harvesting are undertaken.
iii) National Rural Employment Program: This program aims at creating community assets for strengthening rural infrastructure – drinking water wells, community irrigation wells, village tanks, rural roads and schools.
iv) Rural Landless Employment Guarantee Program: It aims at generating gainful employment, creating productive assets in rural areas and improving the overall quality of rural life.

Question. Distinguish between Public sector and private sector.
Answer. Public Sector
i) It is controlled and managed by the government.
ii) The main aim of the sector is public welfare.
iii) The sector provides basic facilities like education, health, food and security to the people.
iv) For ex, the Indian Railways, Post Office and the BSNL.

Private Sector
i) It is controlled and managed by an individual or a group
ii) The main aim of the sector is to earn maximum profits.
iii) The sector provides consumer goods to the people.
iv) For ex, Reliance, TISCO, etc

Question. What are the advantages of working in an organized sector?
Answer. i) Workers in the organized sector enjoy security of employment.
ii) They work only a fixed number of hours. If they work more, they have to be paid overtime by the employer.
iii) They also get several other benefits from the employers like paid leave, payment during holidays, provident fund, gratuity, etc.
iv) They also get medical benefits and, under the laws, the factory manager has to ensure facilities like drinking water and a safe working environment.

Question. What are the disadvantages of working in an organized sector?
Or
Why is it necessary to give protection and support to the unorganized sector workers? Explain.
Answer. i) The unorganized sector is characterized by small and scattered units which are largely outside the control of the government. Workers working in an unorganized sector get fewer wages.
ii) There is no provision of overtime, paid leave, holidays, leave due to sickness, etc.
iii) Employment is subject to high degree of insecurity.

Question. What are the objectives of NREGA 2005?
Or
Why do you think NREGA, 2005 is referred to as “Right to Work”?
Answer. i) NREGA, 2005 is a law which is implemented by government of Indian in 200 districts of India.
ii) It is referred to as ‘Right to Work’ because it guarantees 1OOdays of employment in a year by the government to all those who are able to work.
iii) Under this scheme, the gram panchayat after proper verification will register households, and issue job cards.
iv) And in case of failure unemployment allowance will be given to them.