CBSE Class 10 Social Science Agriculture Notes Set B

Technological and Institutional reforms :

– Consolidation of holdings, co-operation and abolition of zamidari, etc. were given priority to bring about institutional reforms in the country after independence.
– Land reform was the main focus of our first five year plan.
– The green revolution based on the use of package technology and the white revolution (operation flood) were some of the strategies initiated to improves the lot of Indian agriculture.
– Development in few selected areas. In the 1980s and 1990s, a comprehensive land development progreamme was initiated, which includes both institutional and technological reforms.
– Provision for crop insurance against drought, flood, cyclone, fire and disease.
– Establishment of Grameen Banks, cooperative societies and banks for providing loan facilities to the farmers at lower rates of interest.
– Kissan credit cards and personal accident insurance schemes introduced.
– Special weather bulletins and agricultural programmes for farmers were introduced on radio and T.V.
– The government also announces minimum support price.
– Remunerative and procurement prices for important crops to check the exploitation of farmers by speculators and middleman.

Contribution of Agricultures to the National Economy, Employment and Output :

– Agriculture backbone of Indian Economy.
– Share in the gross domestic product.
– Providing employment.
– Livelihood to the population.
– The government of India made concerted efforts to modernize agriculture.
– Establishment of Indian council of Agricultural Research, agricultural universities.
– Veterinary services and animal breading centres.
– Horticulture development.
– Research and development in the field of meteorology and weather forecast.

Notes For Class 10 Social Science Chapter 4 Agriculture

• Slash and burn’ agriculture- Clears a patch of forest land and produce crops, when the soil fertility decreases the farmer shifts and clear a fresh patch of land, known by different names in different parts of India- like Jhumming,mostly done in the Northeastern-states
• Rabi Crops-Sown in Winter from October to December and harvested in Summer from April to June-eg. Wheat, Barley, Peas, Gram
• Kharif Crops- Grown with the onset of the Monsoon, harvested in September October- eg. paddy, Maize, Jowar, Bajra
• Zaid Crops- in between Rabi and Kharif season-short season during the summer months- eg.water melon, cucumber.

Key Points

1. Rice is a commercial crop in Haryana and Punjab, but in Odisha, it is a subsistence crop.

2. Plantation is a type of commercial farming. In this type of farming, a single crop is grown on a large area.

3. Important plantation crops in India- tea, coffee, rubber, sugarcane, banana, etc.

4. Rice is the staple food crop of a majority of the people in India. Our country is the second largest producer of rice in the world after China.

5. In states like Assam, West Bengal and Odisha, three crops of paddy are grown in a year. These are Aus, Aman and Boro.

6. Wheat is the second most important cereal crop. It is the main food crop, in north and north-western part of the country.

7. Maize is a crop which is used both as food and fodder.

8. Jowar, bajra and ragi are the important millets grown in India. Though, these are known as coarse grains, they have very high nutritional value.

9. Jowar is the third most important food crop with respect to area and production.

10. India is the largest producer as well as the consumer of pulses in the world.

11. India is the second largest producer of sugarcane only after Brazil.

12. groundnut production in the world- China (1st),lndia (2nd) and in rapeseed production Canada – 1st, China- 2nd and India – 3rd in the world.

13. In 2020 China-1st and lndia- 2nd in tea production in the world.

14. In 2013, India was the second largest producer of fruits and vegetables in the world after China.

15. Crop Rotation- Growing different crops on a piece of land to increase the productivity and fertility of land.

16. Slash and burn farming/Shifting cultivation-farmers clear apatch of land and produce cereals and other food crops to sustain their family. After decrease of soil fertilityfarmers shift and clear a freash patch of land for cultivation.

17. White revolution- To improve the breeds of animals for the growth in milk production with the use of modern technology.lt is also called Operation Flood.

18. Green Revolution- Based on the Uses of HYV seeds.Modern technology,fertilisers,pesticides,insecticides to increase production especially Wheat production.

19. Jute is known as the golden fibre.