CBSE Class 10 Social Science Federalism Notes Set B

Features of Federalism:-
• Two or more levels of government
• Each level has its own jurisdiction (power)
• Jurisdictions Specified in the Constitution
• Changes in the provisions of Constitution require the consent of both the govt’s.
• Courts acts as an umpire if any dispute arise between the levels of government.
• Sources of revenue specified (Financial autonomy) – Every state has its own revenue to look after its welfare.
• Dual objective – promote the unity of the country by accommodating regional diversity

Residuary Subjects:
* Computers
• Subjects that do not fall in any of the three lists, laws of union Govt. will prevail.

How is federalism practiced?
• Linguistic states- People who spoke the same language lived in the same state.
• Some states were created not on the basis of language, but to recognize differences based on culture, ethnicity or geography.
• Formation of linguistic states has made the country united, made administration easier.
• Language Policy- Did not give status of National language to any one language. Flexibility is shown. The use of English along with Hindi for official purposes is agreed. States too have their own official languages .

Decentralization
Power taken away from centre and State given to local government

Reason for Decentralization in India –
• Large country
• Three – Tier govt., – local govt. formed
• Large no: of problems and issues
• Local people-better knowledge of local problems
• Democratic participation – local self – govt.
• 1992- Amendment – third tier made – more powerful

Steps taken to make third-tier more powerful
• Regular elections
• Reservation of seats for SC, ST, OBC
• Reservation for women
• Creation of state EC to control elections
• State govt. to share power & revenue with local govt.

Formation of Panchayati Raj (Rural local government)-
• Group of each village have a panchayat
• President or Sarpanch
• Directly elected by the people
• Works under the supervision of gramasabha (all voters of the village)
• Meets twice or thrice a year to approve the budget of Grama Panchayat