CBSE Class 10 Social Science The Age Of Industrialization Notes Set B

IMPORTANT CONCEPTS OF THE LESSON
1. An association of craftsmen or merchants following same craft to protect
2. The members interest and supervise the standard of the work.
3. Tanning. Convert raw hide into leather by soaking in liquid containing tannic acid.
4. Food processing. Technique of chopping and mixing food for making jam, juices, etc.
5. Victorian Britain. Britain during the reign of Queen Victoria.
6. Brewery. A place where beer etc. is brewed commercially. Brewing is a process of infusion, boiling and fermentation.
7. Vagrant.A person without a settled home or regular work.
8. Bourgeois.The upper middle class.
9. Gomastha .An Indian word meaning an agent, a middle man between the merchant and weavers.
10. Stapler.A person who staples or sorts wool according to its fibre.

INDUSTRIALISATION
Production of goods with the help of machines in factories
• The first industrialized Nation-Britain
• Features
• Handmade goods to machine made goods in factories, cottage to factory, large scale production, started in
• England in later parts of 18th Century. In course of time, it affected all systems of production. Orient. Countries to the east of Mediterranean Sea usually referring to Asia.

BEFORE INDUSTRIAL REVOLUTION

PROTO-INDUSTRIALISATION
• Production in 17th century, artisans worked for merchants to produce goods, artisans took raw material from merchants for production .Their cottages functioned as factory .
• Association of producers, trained craft people maintained control over production, restricted entry of new traders .Coming of factories

COMING UP OF FACTORIES
• Early factories in England came up by the 1730s .
• First symbol of new era -cotton mill
• Many factories sprang up in England
• A series of inventions in carding, twisting, spinning and rolling .

THE PACE OF INDUSTRIAL CHANGE
• Cotton and iron and steel industries were the most dynamic industries .
• New industries could not displace traditional ones
• Technological changes occurred slowly
• Steam engine invented by James Watt had no buyers for years .
• New technologies were slow to be accepted .

PECULIARITIES OF INDUSTRIAL GROWTH
• Early Indian cotton mills made coarse cotton yarn .
• During the First World War Manchester imports to India declined .
• Indian factories supplied goods for war needs .

SMALL SCALE INDUSTRIES PREDOMINATED
• Most of the Industries were located in Bengal and Bombay .
• A small portion of total industrial labour worked in factories .
• Use of fly shuttle increased handicraft .

MARKET FOR GOODS
• Advertisements helps in creating new consumers .
• Advertisements appear in :
• Newspaper
• Magazine
• Street walls
• Labels
• Calendars

AT A GLANCE

* Trade guilds were association of producers that trained craft people, maintained control over production, regulated competition and price.
* A Stapler was a person who stapled or sorted wool according to its fibre.
* Richard Arkwright set up the first cotton mill in England
* Fear of unemployment made workers hostile to new technology.
* Gomasthas were paid servants who would supervise weavers, collect supplies and examine the quality of cloth.
* Fly shuttle was a mechanical device used for weaving.
* A jobber was an old trusted worker employed by the industrialists to get new recruits.
* The first cotton mill was set up in Bombay in 1854.
* ‘Proto Industrialization’ meant large scale production of goods for international market ,not based on the modern factory system.