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Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compound Science Worksheet for Class 10
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Class 10 Science Chapter 4 Carbon and Its Compound Worksheet Pdf
Objective Questions
Question. Ethane, with the molecular formula C2H6 has
(a) 6 covalent bonds.
(b) 7 covalent bonds.
(c) 8 covalent bonds.
(d) 9 covalent bonds.
Answer : B
Question. While cooking, if the bottom of the vessel is getting blackened on the outside, it means that
(a) the food is not cooked completely.
(b) the fuel is not burning completely.
(c) the fuel is wet.
(d) the fuel is burning completely.
Answer : B
Question. The isomeric pair is
(a) ethane and propane
(b) propane and butane
(c) ethane and ethane
(d) butane and 2-methyl propane
Answer : D
Question. Which of the following is used to oxidise ethanol to ethanoic acid?
(a) Alkaline KMnO4
(b) Conc. H2SO4
(c) Acidified K2Cr2O7
(d) All of above
Answer : D
Question. Identify the product formed when methane reacts with chlorine in the presence of sunlight is
(a) C2Cl6
(b) CH3Cl
(c) CHCl4
(d) None of these
Answer : B
Question. Drinking alcohol and driving may cause serious accidents. To discourage this, police randomly test drivers for alcohol using a breath analyser. The breath analyser works because
(a) Alcohol makes the breath dry and the machine registers moisture
(b) Alcohol makes the breath hotter which changes the machine reading
(c) Alcohol causes more saliva which the machine checks.
(d) Alcohol in the breath cause a chemical change registered by the machine.
Answer : B
Question. The by product of soap is
(a) isoprene
(b) glycerol
(c) butene
(d) ethylene glycol
Answer : B
Question. The heteroatoms present is
CH3 – O – CH2 – CH2 (Br)
(a) oxygen
(b) carbon
(c) hydrogen
(d) bromine
Answer : D
Question. Which of the following can be used for the denaturation of ethyl alcohol?
(a) Methyl alcohol
(b) Pyridines
(c) Copper sulphate
(d) All of above
Answer : D
Question. For gas welding used for welding broken pieces of iron, we normally use a mixture of
(a) Ethane and oxygen
(b) Ethene and oxygen
(c) Ethyne and oxygen
(d) Ethene and air
Answer : A
Quetion. What would be the product when a compound containing carbon is burnt?
Answer: CO2
Quetion. What is the amount of carbon present in the earth's crust?
Answer: 0.02%
Quetion. What is the distribution of electrons in various shells of carbon?
Answer: 2+4
Quetion. Writethe number of covalent bonds in the molecule of ethane.
Answer: 7
Quetion. Covalent compounds are generally poor conductors of electricity. Why?
Answer: The electrons in covalent compounds are shared between atoms to form covalent compounds. They do not form any charged particles . Therefore, covalent compounds are poor conductor of electricity. Evaluation based
Quetion. Write the name and structure of an aldehyde with four carbon atoms in its molecule.
Answer: Butanal (draw structure)
Quetion. Write the name and molecular formula of the first members of the homologous series of alkynes.
Answer: Ethyne (C2H2), Propyne (C3H4), Butyne [1-Butyne and 2-Butyne] (C4H6).
Quetion. Priyanka went to Mussoorie with her parents. While washing her hands and face with soap, she noticed that scum was formed on her hands in place of lather. Why does this happen?
Answer: hard water. When soap is mixed with hard water it forms scum insted of lather.
Quetion. Adi's sister studies in class X and told him that the pencil is made up of carbon. He did not believe and asked his teacher. Which form of carbon is used to make lead of pencil and why?
Answer: lead of pencil is made of graphite. Graphite is an allotrope of carbon.
Quetion. We know that water is a universal solvent. When we try to dissolve ester in the water, it does not dissolve.
Why does ester not dissolving water?
Answer: Water is a ionic solvent which can dissolve polar substances which easily split into ions. Ether is an organic and non polar substance.
Quetion. Why are carbon and its compounds used as fuels for most applications?
Answer: Carbon compounds are used as fuel because they burn with a clean flame and no smoke is produced.Carbon compounds have higher calorific values, maximum ignition temperature and their combustion can be restrained. Hence, carbon and its compounds are a great source of fuel.
Quetion. What would be the electron dot structure of a molecule of sulphur which is made up of 8 atoms of sulphur?
Answer: The eight atoms of Sulphur are joined together in the form of a ring).
Quetion. What happens when 5% of alkaline potassium permanganate solution is added drop by drop to warm propyl alcohol taken from a test tube? Explain with the help of a chemical equation.
Answer: purple colour of potassium permanganate gradually disappears as it oxidizes the propanol to its respective carboxylic acid i.e propionic acid. Write chemical reaction)
Quetion. Why is the conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid and oxidation reaction?
Answer: A molecule of ethanol contains six hydrogen atoms while that of ethanoic acid contains four hydrogen atoms since oxidation involves removal of hydrogen, therefore conversion of ethanol to ethanoic acid is an oxidation reaction.)
Quetion. Write the structural formula of any four isomers of hexane.
Answer:Write structural formula of C6H12
Question. Write the molecular formula of the 2nd and the 3rd member of the homologous series whose first member is methane.
Answer : C2H6 and C3H8 are molecular formula of 2nd and 3rd member of alkanes.
Question. Write the general formula of hydrocarbon alkene. Write the name of simplest alkene.
Answer : CnH2n, Ethene It has three double bonds.
Question. Why is diamond lustrous?
Answer : It is due to high refractive index.
Question. How much carbon is present on earth and CO2 in atmosphere?
Answer : 0.02%, 0.03%
Question. What is valency of carbon?
Answer : 4
Question. Why carbon considered to be the most important element?
Answer : Carbon is considered to be the most important element because it forms largest number of compounds which are useful in our daily life.
Question. Name the following compounds:
Answer : (a) Ethanol
(b) Ethanal
Question. Write the general formula of hydrocarbon alkene. Write the name of simplest alkene.
Answer : CnH2n, Ethene
Question. Carbon has four electrons in its valence shell. How does carbon attain stable electronic configuration.
Answer : By sharing four electrons with other atoms.
Question. Why does carbon form strong bonds?
Answer : It is due to small size.
Question. Name the first organic compound prepared in Laboratory.
Answer : In 1828, Wohlar prepared first organic compound urea by heating ammonium cyanate by isomerisation reaction.
Question. Why is carbon tetravalent?
Answer : It is because carbon can share form electrons to complete its octet.
Question. Which element exhibits the property of catenation to maximum extent and why?
Answer : Carbon shows catenation to maximum extent because it forms strong covalent bonds.
Question. What would be the electron dot structure of carbon dioxide which has the formula CO2?
Answer : The electron dot structure of CO2 is
Question. Name two types of hydrocarbon.
Answer : Hydrocarbon – Saturated and unsaturated.
Question. What is esterification reaction?
Answer : The reaction in which alcohol reacts with carboxylic acid to produce a new compound alled ester is called esterification.
Question. What happens when ethanol burns in air?
Answer : Ethanol burns to form carbon dioxide and water.
Question. Give two uses of methane gas.
Answer : (i) It is used as a fuel (ii) It is the major component of biogas and CNG.
Question. Name two allotropes of carbon.
Answer : Two allotropes are – Crystalline and amorphous
Crystalline form – Diamond and graphite.
Amorphous form – Charcoal, coal, coke.
Question. Why can’t we test hard water with detergents?
Answer : Detergents form lather with both hard and soft water hence we cannot distinguish between them.
Question. How can esters be converted into soap?
Answer : By saponification reaction, by adding/reacting ester with NaOH.
Question. Name the second member of alkyne series.
Answer : Propyne
Question. Give the IUPAC name of acetic acid and propyl alcohol.
Answer : Acetic acid – Ethanoic acid
Propyl alcohol – Propanol
Question. What is isomerism?
Answer : A property in which a compound can exist in different structural formula but its molecular formula remains the same.
Question. Why do soaps form scum when added to hard water?
Answer : Hard water contains carbonate and sulphate salts of magnesium or sodium ions which react with the soap molecule to form a compound which is insoluble in water. Hence soaps form scum with hard water.
Question. Give the IUPAC name and write the functional group present in vinegar.
Answer : Vinegar IUPAC name is acetic acid CH3COOH
Functional group –COOH
Question. What is hydrophilic?
Answer : The substance showing attraction towards water is called hydrophilic.
Question. What will happen to the litmus solution in carboxylic acid?
Answer : Red litmus remains the same but blue litmus changes to red.
Short Answer Questions
Question. How many structural isomers can you draw for pentane?
Answer : Three structural isomers can be drawn from pentane.
Pentane : C5H12
Question. What would be the formula and electron dot structure of cyclopentane?
Answer : The formula of cyclopentane is C5H10.
The electron dot structure is
Answer : (i) Bromo ethane
(ii) Methanal
(iii) Hex-1-yne
Question. A mixture of oxygen and ethyne is burnt for welding. Can you tell why a mixture of ethyne and air is not used?
Answer : If air is used, incomplete combustion will take place giving a sooty flame and less heat is produced. When pure oxygen is used ethyne burns completely producing large amount of heat and blue flame. This heat is sufficient for a metal to melt and welding is done.
Question. What are oxidising agents?
Answer : The compounds which add oxygen to other substance are known as oxidising agent.
For example, alkaline potassium permanganate solution and acidified potassium dichromate, both can convert alcohol into carboxylic acid, i.e., ethanoic acid.
Question. People use variety of methods to wash clothes. Usually after adding the soap, they ‘beat’ the clothes on a stone, or beat it with a paddle, scrub with a brush or the mixture is agitated in a washing machine. Why is agitation necessary to get clean clothes?
Answer : Soap lowers the surface tension of water. The long chain non-ionic hydrocarbon group in soap gets attached to the oil or grease droplets and loosens them from the fibres of cloth along with the dirt. However this loosening is insufficient to remove the grease with dirt completely. Hence the clothes are agitated to remove the grease droplets completely.
Question. Explain the nature of the covalent bond using the bond formation in CH3Cl.
Answer : Bond formation in CH3Cl
Question. What is an homologous series? Explain with an example.
Answer : It is a group of members of same class of organic compound having similar chemical properties, they have same general formula.
They have same functional group, when arranged in the ascending order of molecular mass they differ by 14 a.m.u. or —CH2 group.
Question. Why does micelle formation take place when soap is added to water? Will a micelle be formed in other solvents such as ethanol also?
Answer : Soap molecules have two ends with different properties. One end is hydrophilic, which dissolves in water and other end is hydrophobic, it dissolves in hydrocarbons. When soap is added to water, the ionic end of soap will form a unique orientation and keep the hydrocarbon tail away from it.
The cluster of molecules is formed in which the hydrophobic tails are in the interior of the cluster and the ionic ends are on the surface of the cluster. Hence, micelle formation takes place.
Soap is soluble in ethanol hence the micelle formation will not take place.
Question. Explain the formation of scum when hard water is treated with soap.
Answer : Hard water contains salts of calcium and magnesium. When soap molecule comes in contact with these salts it forms a curdy white precipitate (compound insoluble in water) called scum.
Soap + Hard water ⎯→ scum
Question. What is hydrogenation? What is its industrial application?
Answer : When unsaturated hydrocarbons (double/triple bond) are reacted with hydrogen in presence of a catalyst like nickel, the hydrogen gets added across the double/triple
bond and converts the unsaturated hydrocarbon into saturated hydrocarbon. Such reaction is called addition reaction or hydrogenation.
Question. Give a test that can be used to differentiate chemically between butter and cooking oil.
Answer : Butter is saturated compound and oil is unsaturated compound.
alk. potassium permanganate + Unsaturated → Pink colour disappear.
(Pink colour) hydrocarbon
Therefore, when we add oil to a test tube containing alkaline potassium permanganate solution, the pink colour of the solution disappear. Colour of alkaline potassium permanganate will not disappear in the test tube containing butter.
Quetion. Write the functional groups present in the following compounds:
CH3 COCH2 CH2 CH2 CH3
Answer:keton
CH2 CH2 CH2 COOH
Answer: Carboxylic acid
CH3 CH2 CH2 CH2 CHO
Answer:Aldehyde
CH3 CH2 OH
Answer:Alcohal
Quetion. A gas is evolved when ethanol reacts with sodium. Name the gas evolved and also write the balanced chemical equation of the reaction involved.
Answer: When ethanol reacts with sodium, then hydrogen gas is eavolved. This reaction can be given by following equation: 2Na+2CH3CH2OH→2CH3CH2ONa+H2.)
Quetion. Write the IUPAC name the following compounds?
Answer: i. Bromoethane ii. Methanal iii. 1-hexyne.
Quetion. For elements given below with their electronic configuration:
P (2,6); Q (2,8,1); R (2,8,7); and S (2,8,8).
Identify which element(s) will form covalent bonds with carbon.
Answer: P and R
Quetion. "Carbon Reacts with an element in the above table to form several compounds." Give a suitable reason.
Answer: Carbon has tetravalency and catenation
Quetion. What is a micelle? Draw the structure of the missile that would be formed if we dissolve soap in a hydrocarbon.
Answer: The molecule of soap constitutes sodium or potassium salts of long-chain carboxylic acids. In the case of soaps, the carbon chain dissolves in oil and the ionic end dissolves in water. Thus, the soap molecules form structures called micelles. In micelles, one end is towards the oil droplet and the other end which is the ionic faces outside.) (draw the structure of micelle
Quetion. How would you distinguish experimentally between an alcohol and a carboxylic acid?
Answer: Carboxylic acid and Alcohol can be distinguished by using Sodium bicarbonate as, Carboxylic acid produces a brisk effervesce when reacted with it, whereas Alcohols do not produce anything when reacted with Sodium bicarbonate.
Quetion. The general formula of the organic compounds 'P', 'Q' and 'R' is CnH2n. There boiling points are -162 °C,-42.2 °C and -0.5 °C respectively. Based on this information answer the following: Which type of compounds 'P', 'Q' and 'R' are and why?
Answer: P. Q and R are alkenes because their general formula is CnH2n
Quetion. Which of these has maximum number of carbon atoms in the molecule and why?
Answer: Compound R has maximum number of carbon atoms because boiling point increase with molecular mass which depends on number of C atoms
Quetion. Write the name and structural formula of the second member of this series.
Answer: Name: propane
Structural formula: CH3-CH=CH2
Quetion. Write the name and molecular formula of an organic compound having its name suffixed with 'ol' and having two carbon atoms in its molecule. Write a balanced chemical equation to indicate what happens when this compound is heated with excess conc. H2SO4 and the name of the main product formed. Also state the role of conc. H2SO4 in the reaction.
Answer: Alcohols have 'ol' suffix. Ethanol (CH3CH2OH) is alcohol with 2 carbon.
When ethanol is heated with excess concentrated sulphuric acid at 443 K, dehydration takes place and ethene is formed. In this reaction concentrated sulphuric acid acts as a dehydrating agent.
CH3CH2OH+H2SO4→CH2=CH2+H2O+H2SO4
Quetion. Ethanoic acid reacts with absolute eathanol in the presence of concentrated H2SO4 to form a compound:
Write the smell and class of compounds to which this compound belongs.
Answer: The fruity smell and the compounds are esters.
Quetion. Write the chemical equation for the reaction and state the role of concentrated H2SO4 in the reaction.
Answer: One use of the product of this reaction.
-The main use of esters is for flavourings and perfumes, however they can also be used in the chemicals industry as solvents.
Quetion. What are covalent compounds? How are the different from ionic compounds? List any two properties of covalent compounds.
Answer: Covalent compounds - Covalent compounds are compounds which are formed by sharing of electrons between atoms of compounds.
Ionic compounds - Ionic compounds are those compounds which are formed by the transfer of electrons.
Difference-
Ionic bonds are between metals and non
Covalent bonds have low melting and ionic compounds have high melting point.
Properties of covalent compounds :-
(1) Low boiling points
(2) Poor conductors of heat and electricity
Quetion. A carbon compound 'A' having melting point 156K and boiling point 351K, with molecul
C2H6O is soluble in water in all proportions.
(a) Identify 'A' and draw its electron dot structure.
Answer:Ethanol;C2H5OH
(b) Give the molecular formulae of any two homologues of 'A'.
Answer:CH3OH and C3H7OH
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