NEET UG Biology Heredity and Variation MCQs

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MCQ for Full Syllabus Biology Heredity and Variation

Full Syllabus Biology students should refer to the following multiple-choice questions with answers for Heredity and Variation in Full Syllabus. These MCQ questions with answers for Full Syllabus Biology will come in exams and help you to score good marks

Heredity and Variation MCQ Questions Full Syllabus Biology with Answers

 

IMPORTANT POINTS
 
•  GENETICS:- It is a branch of biology that deals with the study of heredity and variation.
•  Gregor Johann Mendel :- (1822-1884) is called the Father of Genetics.
•  The term genetics was first used by Willam Bateson..
•  Johansen (1909) coined the term "genes" for Mendel"s "factors.
•  Punnett square is a checker board which was derived by R. C. Punnett.
 
MENDELISM:-
Mendel’s laws of heredity were described in his paper "Experiments on plant Hybridization" which was published is the forth volume of Annual proceeding of naturalHistory Society of Brunn in 1865.
 
BACK CROSS:-
A cross of F1 hybrid with either of the two parents is known as back cross.
 When F1 off springs are crossed with the dominant parents all the F2 off springs develop dominant character.
 On the other hand when F1 hybrids are crossed with recessive parent, individuals with both the phenotypes appear in equal proportions. While both the crosses are known as backcross, the second one is specified as test cross.

GENE INTERACTION :-

Gene interaction is the modification of normal phenotypic expression of a gene due to either its alleles or non- allelic genes.

Gene interaction is of two types:-

   (i) Intragenic interaction

   (ii) Intergenic interaction

Intragenic interaction :-

In intragenic interaction , two alleles of a gene which are present on the same gene locus on the two homologous chromosomes ,react to produce modified phenotype.

Eq :- 1. Incomplete dominance

   2. Codominance

   3. Multiple alleles

Intergenic interaction :- It is the modified effect of a gene under the influence of a non - allelic gene.

Eq :- 1. Complementary genes

   2. Supplementary genes

Complementary genes :-

If two genes present on different loci produce the same effect when present alone but interact to form a new trait when present together are called complementary genes. Complementary gene ratio is 9 : 7

Supplementary Genes :- 

Supplementary genes are two non allelic genes in which one type of gene produces its effect whether the other is present or not and the second gene produces its effect only in the presence of the first, usually forming new trait. Supplementary gene ratio is 9 : 3 : 4

INHERITANCE :-

There are two types of inheritance

1. Qualitative inheritance / Monogenic inheritance

2. Quantitative inheritance / polygenic inheritance

Monogenic inhenitance :-

* A single dominant gene inflences a complete trait.

* Intermediate forms are not produced

Polygenic inheritance :-

* Full trait is shown when all dominant alleles present.

*Each dominant allele expresses a part or unit of the trait.

* Intermediate forms are produced

Ex:- Human skin colour

VARIATIONS :-

* Variations are differences found in morphological, physiological, Cytological and behavioural traits of individuals belonging to same species.

* Hereditary variations are transmitted from generation to generation where as environmental variations are temporary and do not relate with last or next generation.

NEET_UG_bio_04

M.C.Q.

 

(1) Genotype is
(A) Genetic composition of many organisms.
(B) Genetic composition of plastids.
(C) Genetic composition of germ cells.
(D) Genetic composition of an individual.
 
(2) Mendelism is genetics of
(A) Haploids (B) Diploids (C) Prokaryotes (D) All the above
 
(3) Which technique is used by Mendel for hybridization ?
(A) Emasculation (B) Bagging (C) Protoplast fusion (D) Both A & B
 
(4) Phenotypic ratio 3:1 proves
(A) Dominance (B) Segregation
(C) Crossing over (D) Independent Assortment
 
(5) What is the ratio of homozygous plants for both dominant characters in F2 of a Dilybrid cross ?
(A) 1/16 (B) 3/16 (C) 4/16 (D) 9/16
 
(6) Which of the following is significance of dominance ?
(A) Organisms with dominant genes are more vital
(B) Harmful mutations are not expressed due to dominant gene
(C) Heterosis is due to dominant gene
(D) All the above 

 

(7) From a single ear of corn, a farmer planted 200 kernels which produced 140 tall & 40 short plants. The genotypes of these off springs are most likely.
(A) TT ,tt (B) TT , Tt , tt (C) TT ,Tt (D) Tt ,tt
 
(8) A useful process for determining whether an individual is homozygous or heterozygous is
(A) cross - breeding (b) self fertilization
(C) Back - crossing (d) Test cross
 
(9) Heterozygous tall plants were crossed with dwarf plants what will be the ratio of dwarf plants in the following progency ?
(A) 50%(B) 25 % (C) 75% (D) 100%
 
(10) Genetic recombinations occur through
(A) Mitosis & fertilization
(B) Mitosis & Meiosis
(C) Meiosis & fertilization
(D) None
 
(11) Which of the following is the unit of inheritance ?
(A) Phenotype (B) Genotype (C) Gene (D) Genome
 
(12) Allele is the
(A) Alternate trait of gene pair
(B) Total number of genes for a trait
(C) Total number of chromosomes
(D) Total number of chromosomes of a haploid set.
 
(13) Types of phenotypes of F2 generation of dihybrid cross ?
(A) 4 (B) 16 (C) 8 (D) 9
 
(14) Cross XXYy ×xxYy yields Xx YY:XxYy :Xxyy:xxyy offspring in the ratio of
(A) 0 : 3 : 1 : 1 (B) 1 : 2 : 1 : 0
(C) 1 : 1 : 1 : 1 (D) 1 : 2 : 1 : 1
 
(15) Genes do not occur in pairs in
(A) Zygote (B) Somatic cell
(C) Endosperm cell (D) Gametes
 
(16) Genotype - Phenotype concept was first produced by
(A) Bateson (B) Johannsen (C) Sutton&Boveri (D) Punnet
 
(17) 1: 1: 1: 1 ratio shows
(A) Monohybrid cross
(B) Dihybrid cross
(C) Back cross
(D) Dihybrid test cross
 
18) Test cross is
(A) Tt × Tt (B) Tt × TT (C) TT × TT (D) Tt × tt
 
(19) In a plant, gene "T" is responsible for tallness and its recessive allele "t" for dwarfness and "R" is reponsible for red colour flower and its recessive allele "r" of white flower colour. A tall and red flowered plant with genotype TtRr crossed with dwarf and red flowered ttRr.
What is the percentage of dwarf - white flowered offspring of above cross ?
(A) 50% (B) 6.25% (C) 12.5 % (D) 50 % 

 

(20) In Mirabilis plant the appearance of the pink hybrid (Rr) between cross of a red (RR) and white (rr) flower parent indicates
(A) Segregation (B) Dominance (C) Incomplete dominance (D) Heterosis
 
(21) If there were only parental combinations in F2 of a dihybrid cross then Mendel might have discovered ?
(A) Independent assortment (B) Atavism
(C) Linkage (D) Repulsion
 
(22) Medelian dihybrid and dihybrid with linkage are respectively related with how many chromosomes?
(A) 1 pair & 2 pair (b) 2 pair & 1 pair
(C) 2 pair & 2 pair (d) 1 pair & 1 pair
In dihybrid with linkage , 2 pairs of genes located in similar homobgous chromosomes
 
(23) If distance between gene on chromosome in more , then gene shows :-
(A) Less Linkag (B) strong linkage
(C) weak linkage (D) incomplete linkage
 
(24) Which of the following conditions represent a case of co- dominant genes ?
(A) A gene expresses itself , suppressing the phenotypic effect of its alleles.
(B) enes that are similar in phenotypic effect when present separately, but when together interact to produce a different trait.
(C) Alleles, both of which interact to produce effect in homozygous condition
(D) Alleles, both of which interact to produce an independent effect in heterozygous condition.
 
(25) A gene located an y - chromosome and therefore, transmitted from father to son is known as
(A) Supplementary gene (B) Complementary gene
(C) Duplicate gene (D) Holandric gene
 
(26) In multiple allele system a gamete possesses
(A) 2 alleles (B) 3 alleles
(C) one allele (D) several alleles
 
(27) Blood grouping in humans is controlled by
(A) 4 alleles in which IA is dominant
(B) 3 alleles in which IA and IB are dominant
(C) 2 alleles in which none is dominant
(D) 3 alleles in which IA is recessive
 
(28) Muliple alleles are present
(A) in different chromosomes
(B) at different loci on chromosomes
(C) at the same locus on homologous chromosome
(D) at the non homologous chromosome
 
(29) what is called pleiotropism ?
(A) Phenomenon of multiple effect of a simple gene
(B) Phenomenon of multiple effect of multiple genes
(C) Phenomenon of multiple effect of multiple alleles
(D) all of the above 

 

(30) In a family, father has a blood group 'A' and mother has a blood group 'B', Children show 50 % probability for a blood group "AB" indicate that -
(A) Father is heterozygous
(B) Mother is heterozygous
(C) Either of parent is heterozygous
(D) Mother is homozygous
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