NEET UG Biology Environmental Issues MCQs

IMPORTANT POINTS

Any undesirable changes in physical, chemical or biological characteristics of air, land or soil is called pollution. The substances which bring such changes are called pollutants. Air pollution is mainly due to burning of fossil fuel like coal, petroleum, automobiles and industries. They are harmful to living organism and must be reduced. Unwanted sound creates noise pollution which can be controlled by reducing high intensity of sound. 

Polluted water causes many diseases. Most common source of this is domestic waste and industrial effluents which reduce dissolved oxygen and increases BOD.Water pollutants rich in nutrients like nitrogen and phosphorus cause eutrophication thus induces excessive growth of aquatic plants. Increasing concentration of nonbiodegradable toxic waste like DDT at various tropic level of food chain is known as biomagnifications.

Disposal of hazardous waste like Radioactive and e-waste requires additional efforts.Agrochemicals like pesticides and fertilizers and plastic creates soil pollution. Major environmental issues like green house effect and depletion of ozone layer in stratosphere is due to more emission of gases like CO₂, CH₄, CFCs and nitrous oxides and deforestation. This increases global temperature and brings drastic change in the atmosphere affecting living organisms. Depletion of ozone layer due to CFCs increases skin cancer, mutation and other disorders.

Government of India has introduced concept of Joint Forest Management to work closely with the local communities for protecting and managing forests. To save ourforests and environment Concept of Joint Forest Management has introduced by Govt of India helps in bringing forest personality and local communities to work jointly for protecting and managing forests.

1. Pollution is any undesirable change in physical, chemical and biological characteristics of.

(A) Land   
(B) Soil 
(C) Air and Water   
(D) All of these

2. To protect and improve the quality of our environment which act was passed and in Which year?

(A) The environment act 1986    
(B) The environment act 1988
(C) The Air (Prevention and control of pollution) act 1981
(D) The Water (Prevention and control of pollution) act 1974

3. What is the effect of air pollution on living organisms?

(A) Reduce growth and yield of crops   
(B) Cause premature death of plants
(C) Premature leaf fall   
(D) Both A and B

4. Which gas is responsible for increase in atmospheric temperature?

(A) O₂   
(B)CO₂   
(C)SO₂   
(D)CO

5. 99% of SPM in the exhaust of thermal power plant can be separated by.. .

(A) Electrostatic precipitators   
(B) Solvents
(C) Scrubber
(D) Chimney

6. In an Electrostatic precipitators the velocity of air blown between the plates must be.

(A) Low   
(B) High   
(C) Moderate   
(D) Very high

7. The Scrubber is used to remove gases like ____

(A) SO₂   
(B) NO₂   
(C) CO₂   
(D) SO₃ 

8. Particulate matter of which size causes greatest harm to human health?

(A) 2.5 micrometer or less in diameter
(B) More than 2.5 micrometer
(C) More than 3.5 micrometer
(D) Less than 3.5 micrometer

9. Which type of damage can be caused by Particulate matter of 2.5 micrometer or less in diameter to human health?

(A) Breathing and respiratory symptoms
(B) Inflammation and damage to lungs
(C) Premature death of an individual
(D) All of these

10. Which is the main cause of atmospheric pollution in major cities?

(A)Industrialization
(B) Noise 
(C) Automobiles
(D) Dust particles and SPM

11. Which catalyst should be fitted into filters in order to reduce emission of poisonous Gases?

(A)Selenium
(B) Rhodium
(C) Magnesium
(D) Manganese

12. Which metal is the main air pollutant in metro cities?

(A) Lead
(B) Copper
(C) Magnesium
(D) Iron

13. Which catalyst converts unburnt hydrocarbons into CO₂ and H₂O?

(A) Platinum-Palladium
(B) Platinum-Chloride
(C) Palladium- Chloride
(D) Lead

14. What is the effect of catalytic converter on carbon monoxide and nitrogen oxide of exhaust?

(A)Converts them into CO₂ and H₂O
(B) Converts them into CO₂ and Nitrogen gas
(C)Converts them into CO₂ and NH₄
(D) It converts them into CO₂ and NO₂

15. In which year noise was also included as an air pollutant?

(A) 1981
(B) 1987
(C) 1986
(D) 1984

16. Sound waves of_____ decibels causes damage to eardrum or permanently impair hearing?

(A) 150db or more
(B) 120db or more
(C) More than 80db
(D) 110db

17. Which type of pollution causes altered breathing pattern, increased heartbeats and sleeplessness?

(A) Noise pollution
(B) soil pollution
(C) Radioactive pollution
(D) Thermal pollution

18. According to 1990s survey which city ranked 4th among the 41 most polluted cities of the world?

(A) Ankleshwar
(B) Delhi
(C) Japan
(D) China

19. Name the metropolitan city leading the country in its levels of air pollution.

(A) Ankleshwar
(B) Delhi
(C) Chennai
(D) Bangalore

20. Which is the drastic change seen in Delhi public transport after 2002?

(A) All the buses run by CNG
(B) Use of unleaded petrol
(C) Use of LPG in buses
(D) All the buses run by methanol

21. Which is correct according to EURO II norms?

(A) Sulphur can be controlled at 350ppm in diesel and 150ppm in petrol
(B) Sulphur can be controlled at 150ppm in petrol
(C)Lead can be controlled at 350ppm in diesel
(D)Lead can be controlled at 150ppm in petrol

22. Which harmless gases are produced by smokes stakes of thermal power plant and smelters?

(A) N₂, O₂
(B) CO₂
(C) CO, N₂
(D) SO₂

23. For reducing vehicular pollution which measures are taken by Delhi government?

(A) Phasing out old vehicles
(B) Use of unleaded and low sulphur petrol and diesel
(C) Use of catalytic converter in vehicles
(D) All of these

24. In which cities Bharat stage II is applied from 1st april’2005?

(A) Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Baroda, Surat
(B) Delhi, Mumbai, Kanpur, Baroda, Surat
(C) Delhi, Mumbai, Chennai, Baroda, Pune
(D) Mumbai,Pune,Bangalore,Surat,Ahmedabad

25. A substantial fall in the level of which gases have been found between 1997 to2005 in Delhi?

(A) CO₂,SO₂
(B) CO₂,CO,SO₂
(C) CO₂,SO₂ ,NO₂
(D) CO₂,CO,CFC

26. To safeguard our water resource the amendment was passed in the year.

(A) 1974
(B) 1981
(C) 1986
(D) 1987

27. Which chemical of petrol inactivates the catalysts of filter for reducing emission of poisonous gases?

(A) Lead
(B) Rhodium
(C) Straunsium
(D) Iron

28. Which colloidal material is seen in domestic sewage?

(A) Sand and silt
(B) Fecal material and bacteria
(C) Sodium and calcium
(D) Phosphorus

29. What happens to the O₂ level and BOD of river water at sewage discharge point?

(A) Sharp decline in O₂ level and rise in BOD
(B) O₂ level and BOD both increases
(C) No change in BOD but O₂ level increases
(D) No change in O₂ level but BOD increases

30. What is the reason for mortality of fish in water body?

(A) Biodegradation of organic matter by microbes
(B) Due to algal bloom
(C) Due to decrease in BOD
(D) a and b both

31. Which plant is known as ‘Terror of Bengal’?

(A) Chara
(B) Wulffia
(C) Hydrilla
(D) Eichhornia

32. Which is world’s most problematic aquatic weed?

(A) Chara
(B) Wulffia
(C) Hydrilla
(D) Eichhornia

33. Which compound used in refrigerator is a source of chlorine

(A) Freon
(B) HFC
(C) BHC
(D) None

34. What is biological magnification of DDT in large size fish eating birds?

(A) 25ppb
(B) 25ppm
(C) 2.5ppm
(D) 0.25ppm

35. By which method large number of particles of pollutants are separated?

(A) Cyclone collector
(B) Porous filter
(C) Electrostatic precipitator
(D) By using solvent

36. Which of the following is not responsible for pollution?

(A) Wood
(B) SO₂
(C) Unsaturated carbon
(D) Solar energy

37. The population of eagles and hawks is declining because of,

(A) Food scarcity
(B) game lovers
(C) Harmful effects of pesticides
(D) Very few dead animals are found in fields

38. BOD of a river was found to be very low, this means the water

(A) Was clean
(B) Was polluted
(C) Contains algae
(D)Contains other dissolved minerals

39. More pollution loads in lake, no self purification because.

(A) There is no O₂ to sustain microbial activity
(B) No sunlight available
(C) Microbes die
(D) Pollutants settles down at the bottom

40. Warmth on the surface of the earth is due to

(A) Solar radiation
(B) Green house effect
(C) Geothermal energy
(D) All above

41. Thinning of eggshell and their premature breaking is due to

(A) Eutrophication
(B) Global warming
(C) Green house effect
(D) Biological magnification

42. Aging of lake is accelerated by

(A) Cultural Eutrophication
(B) Biological magnification
(C) Biological accumulation
(D) Algal bloom

43. Which chemicals increase growth of aquatic organism?

(A) Nitrogen and phosphorus
(B) Calcium and iron
(C) Nitrogen and calcium
(D) Nitrogen and iron

44. Arrange the following statements with reference to accelerated eutrophication in proper manner.

(p) Silt and debris pile up at the bottom of the lake

(q) Marsh plants take roots in the shallows begin to fill the lake basin

(r) Introduction of large number of nitrogen and phosphate in the pond

(s) Encouragement of growth of aquatic organisms.

(A) p,q,r,s,
(B) r,s,q,p
(C) r,s,p,q
(D) s,r,p,q

45. Give full form of FOAM.

(A)Friends of Arcata Marsh
(B) Friends of Arctic Marsh
(C) Friends of Antarctic Marsh
(D) Foam of Arcata Marsh

46. In which cities Ecosan toilets are working?

(A)Kerala and Srilanka
(B) Shrinagar and Kerala
(C) Kullu and Srilanka
(D) Tamilnadu and Kerala

47. Recycling of e-waste is done in developing countries like

(A) China, India, Pakistan
(B) India, Pakistan Shrilanka
(C) China, Pakistan, Bangaladesh
(D) China, India, Shrilanka

48. Name the metals recovered during recycling process of e-waste.

(A) Gold, Nickle, Copper, Silicon
(B) Gold, Copper, Silver, Magnecium
(C) Gold, Silver, Copper, Selenium
(D) Nickle, Copper, Silicon Silver

49. Increase in the concentration of a nonbiodegradable substance of various tropic level is called

(A) Eutrophication
(B) Global warming
(C) Biological bloom
(D) Biological magnification

50. Deforestation results in

(A) Change in climatic condition
(B) Reduce rain fall
(C) Loss of biodiversity
(D) All of these

51. Chipko movement is associated with prevention of

(A) Air pollution
(B) Cutting of trees
(C) River pollution
(D) Construction of dams

52. Jhum refers to.

(A)Crop Cultivation
(B) Social forestry
(C) Shifting cultivation
(D) Large scale agricultur

53. Ultraviolet radiation from sunlight causes a reaction that produces

(A) Fluorides
(B) CO
(C) SO₂
(D) Ozone

54. The biological amplification of DDT in various tropic levels is known as

(A) Eutrophication
(B) Global warming
(C) Biological bloom
(D) Biological magnification

55. BOD is related to

(A) Detergents
(B ) Inorganic pollutants
(C) Organic pollutants
(D) Organophosphorus

56. CFC’s splits up in stratosphere to release chlorine by the action of..

(A) UVA
(B)UVB
(C)UVC
(D) All of these

57. Noise was recognized as air pollutant through amendment of

(A) Environment act
(B) the air act
(C) Noise act
(D) All of above

58. If there was no CO₂ in the earth’s atmosphere, the temperature of earth’s surface would be.

(A) Dependent on amount of O₂ in the atmosphere
(B) Higher than present
(C) Less than present
(D) The same

59. With the help of Electrostatic precipitators how much particulate pollutants can be removed?

(A) 50%
(B)99%
(C)40%
(D)100%

60. Enrichment of a water body with organic waste results in sudden algal bloom. This phenomenon is known as

(A) Eutrophication
(B) Aqua bloom
(C) Biological bloom
(D) Biological magnification

61. Which of the following is mismatched?

(A)Fossil fuel burning - Release of CO₂
(B) Nuclear power station - Radioactive waste
(C) Solar energy – Green house effect
(D) Biomass combustion – Release of CH₄

62. Which of the following is not causing pollution?

(A)Thermal power plant
(B) Nuclear power plant
(C)Automobiles
(D)Hydroelectric power plant

63. Soil conservation can be best achieved by having____

(A)Wind screen
(B) Good plant cover
(C) Restricted human activity
(D) Low rain fall

64. Biological treatment of water pollution can be done by

(A) Lichens
(B) Phytoplankton
(C) Algae
(D) None of these

65. Eichornia is a___

(A) Desert plant
(B) Water plant
(C) Terrestrial plant
(D) Parasitic plant

66. Who created the Haryana Welfare Club?

(A) Ramesh Dagar
(B) Sunderlal Bahuguna
(C) Ahmad Khan
(D) Suresh Dagar

67. What is the major problem of using nuclear energy?

(A) Accidental leakage
(B)It is very costly
(C)Safe Disposal
(D)Both A and C

68. Which is the recommended depth to burry nuclear waste?

(A) 500mts
(B) 5000mts
(C) 600mts
(D) 50mts

69. Name the natural phenomenon responsible for heating of earth’s surface and atmosphere?

(A) Global warming
(B) Green house effect
(C) Eutrophication
(D) Aforestation

70. What is the average temperature of earth maintained by green house effect?

(A) 15°c
(B) 18°c
(C) 25°c
(D) 30°c