CBSE Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries Important Questions Set C

Assertion and Reasoning Based Questions

Question. Assertion : The economic strength of the country is measured by the development of manufacturing industries.
Reason : India’s prosperity lies in diversifying its manufacturing industries.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (b)

Question. Assertion : Industrial development cannot minimize environmental degradation.
Reason : Environmental degradation depends on the raw material used.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (d)

Question. Assertion : Industries gives boost to the agricultural sector.
Reason : Competitiveness of manufacturing industry has helped in increasing their production and also made production process efficient.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (a)

Question. Assertion : Textile industry occupies a unique position in Indian economy.
Reason : It contributes significantly to industrial production employment generation directly.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (a)

Question. Assertion : Air pollution is caused by the presence of high proportion of undesirable gases.
Reason : Air pollution does not affect human health, animals, plants, buildings and the atmosphere as a whole.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (c)

Question. Assertion : Chemical industries are lagging behind in India.
Reason : Only small scale industries are present and growth of this industry is very less comparatively.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (d)

Question. Assertion : Most of the Jute mills of India are located in West Bengal.
Reason : Bus facility is available to export the manufactured goods.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (b)

Question. Assertion : Harvesting of rainwater reduces Industrial pollution of fresh water.
Reason : Rainwater helps industry to meet water requirements.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (a)

Question. Assertion : Aluminum is a universally accepted metal for a large number of industries
Reason : Aluminum is flexible and a good conductor of heat and electricity.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (a)

Question. Assertion : Consumer industries produces goods for direct use by consumers.
Reason : Consumer industries are Agro based.
(a) If both assertion and reason are true and reason is the correct explanation of assertion.
(b) If both assertion and reason are true but reason is not the correct explanation of assertion.
(c) If assertion is true but reason is false.
(d) If both assertion and reason are false.
Answer: (b)

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are the different from each other ?
Answer: Industries are classified on the basis of their main role into two: (i) Basic or key industries and (ii) Consumer industries. Basic industries supply their products as raw materials to manufacture other goods (e.g. iron and steel), whereas consumer industries produce goods for direct use by consumers (e.g. sugar, toothpaste).

Question. Suggest any three measures to minimize the environmental degradation by the industries in India.
Answer: (a) Air pollution: Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks with electrostatic precipitators. (b) Noise pollution: Machinery and equipment should be fitted with silencers. (c) Water pollution: Hot water and effluents should be treated before discharging them into rivers and ponds.

Question. “Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.” Support the statement with three examples.
Answer: (i) Agro-based industries have given a boost to agriculture by raising its productivity. (ii) Industry provides machine tools and machineries required for agriculture. (iii) Industrial products like fertilisers, irrigation pumps, and PVC pipes are useful to farmers.

Question. ‘‘Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.‘‘ Justify the statement.
Answer: Environment is degraded through the depletion of resources like air, water and soil. Pollution in one country may effect the other in form of acid rain or climate change. Deforestation in some countries may disturb rainfall patterns in surrounding countries. Land degradation and dam bursts can bring siltation and floods to neighbouring regions.

Question. Explain the importance of textile industry in India economy.
Answer: The textile industries contribute significantly to industrial production. After agriculture, they employ the largest number of people. They bring in about 26.4% of the total foreign exchange earnings and contribute 4% towards the GDP. It is the only industry which is self-sufficient and complete in its value chain.

Question. What are the different types of industries based on ownership ?
Answer: (i) Public sector industries: Owned and operated by government agencies (BHEL, SAIL). (ii) Private sector industries: Owned and operated by individuals or groups (TISCO, Dabur). (iii) Joint sector industries: Jointly run by public and private sectors (Oil India Ltd.). (iv) Cooperative sector industries: Owned and operated by producers or suppliers of raw material (Sugar industries in Maharashtra).

Question. State the factors responsible for the location of jute factory in the Hugli Basin. OR The jute textile industry is mainly concentrated in the Hugli Basin. Mention four factors for the same.
Answer: (i) Proximity of the jute producing areas. (ii) Availability of abundant water from the Hugli river for processing. (iii) Good network of railways, roadways and waterways to facilitate movement. (iv) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh.

Question. Why the Chhotanagpur plateau region has a high concentration of iron and steel industries ?
Answer: (i) Relative advantages for the development of this industry. (ii) Low cost of iron ore and availability of high-grade raw materials in close proximity. (iii) Availability of cheap labour and a vast growth potential in the home market. (iv) Proximity to the Kolkata port for import and export facilities.

Question. What is the importance of aluminium smelting industry ?
Answer: (i) It is the second most important metallurgic industry in India. (ii) It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, and malleable. (iii) It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires. (iv) It is used as a substitute for steel, copper, zinc and lead.

Question. What are the different types of pollutions industries are responsible for ? OR Explain the types of industrial Pollutions.
Answer: (i) Air Pollution: From smoke containing high proportions of undesirable gases. (ii) Water Pollution: Caused by untreated industrial wastes discharged into rivers. (iii) Thermal pollution: From hot water drained into rivers before cooling. (iv) Noise pollution: From industrial machinery and equipment. (v) Land Pollution: From dumping of industrial waste resulting in soil degradation.

Question. Why our trade in garments is only 4% of the word's total output although we have a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn?
Answer: (i) Most of the weaving, knitting, and processing units in India cannot use much of the high-quality yarn produced in the country. (ii) Production is mostly in fragmented small units catering to local markets. (iii) This mismatch means spinners export yarn while garment manufacturers often have to import fabric.

Source/Extract Based Questions

Source A- Contribution of Industry to National Economy
Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 percent of GDP – out of a total of 27 percent for the industry which includes 10 percent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas. This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian economies, where it is 25 to 35 percent. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7 percent per annum. The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12 percent. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 percent per annum. With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.

Question. What has to be done to compete our Industries in international market ?
Answer: Our industry needs to be more efficient and competitive. Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market.

Source B- Industrial Location
Industrial locations are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market, etc. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows.

Question. What are the factors affecting the location of an industry?
Answer: The location of an industry is influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market.

Source C- Textile Industry
The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e, from raw material to the highest value added products.

Question. What are the values added in the textile industry?
Answer: The values added in the textile industry are: (i) Fibre production, (ii) Spinning, (iii) Weaving and knitting, (iv) Dyeing and finishing, and (v) Garment manufacturing.

Long Answer Type Questions

Question. Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced. OR How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ? Explain various ways.
Answer: (i) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing and recycling it. (ii) Harvesting of rain water to meet water requirements. (iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them into rivers and ponds. (iv) Regulation of use of ground water by industries. (v) Installing water treatment plants at the industrial sites for recycling.

Question. How are industries responsible for environmental degradation in India? Explain with examples.
Answer: (i) High proportion of undesirable gases like sulphur dioxide and carbon monoxide affect the environment. (ii) Machinery and pneumatic drills create noise pollution. (iii) Paper, pulp, chemical, and textile industries discharge dyes, detergents, acids, and heavy metals into water bodies. (iv) Air-borne waste particles like dust and sprays pollute the environment.

Question. Explain the factors which are responsible for location of industries. OR Explain with examples any five factors that are responsible for industrial location.
Answer: (i) Nearness to the source of raw material: Reduces transportation costs. (ii) Power resources: Accessibility to coal, oil, and hydroelectricity. (iii) Means of Transportation: Need for cheap and quick movement of materials and workers. (iv) Climate: Humid climate is good for cotton textiles, while clear skies suit the film industry. (v) Skilled Labour: Essential for industries like glass in Firozabad.

Question. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy.
Answer: (i) Its GDP contribution is 3%. (ii) India's chemical industry is the 3rd largest in Asia and 12th largest in the world. (iii) It has both large-scale and small-scale manufacturing units. (iv) Both inorganic and organic sectors show rapid growth. (v) Organic chemicals are used for producing synthetic fibres and dyes.

Question. Enlist the contribution of IT and electronics industries in the economy.
Answer: (i) The industry covers products from transistor sets to cellular telecoms. (ii) Eighteen software technology parks provide single-window service for exports. (iii) Major impact on employment generation, employing over one million people. (iv) 30% of the people employed in this sector are women. (v) It is a major foreign exchange earner due to the BPO sector.

Question. What is manufacturing ? How is manufacturing industry important for India ?
Answer: Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantities after processing raw material into more valuable products. It is important because: (i) It helps in modernising agriculture. (ii) It reduces dependence on agricultural income by providing jobs. (iii) Exports bring in needed foreign exchange. (iv) It is a precondition for the eradication of unemployment and poverty.

Question. Explain the reasons for concentration of iron and steel industries in and around Chotanagpur region.
Answer: (i) Proximity to iron ore mines ensures easy transport of raw material. (ii) Nearness to other raw materials like limestone and coking coal. (iii) Good transport system with well-connected railways and roadways. (iv) Availability of cheap and skilled labour from states like Bihar and Jharkhand. (v) Port facilities in nearby Kolkata for export of finished goods.

Question. How urbanisation depends upon industries ?
Answer: (i) Industrialisation and urbanisation go hand in hand. (ii) Cities provide markets and services like banking, insurance, and transport to industries. (iii) Once an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows as workers settle nearby. (iv) Manufacturing activities tend to locate at the most appropriate places that later develop into urban centres.

Question. Give some facts about the fertiliser industry.
Answer: (i) Centred on the production of nitrogenous, phosphate, and ammonium phosphate fertilisers. (ii) India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers. (iii) There are 57 fertiliser units in India. (iv) There are ten public sector undertakings. (v) Expansion occurred across many parts of the country after the Green Revolution.

Question. Why is the economic strength of a country measured by the development of manufacturing industries? Explain with examples.
Answer: Manufacturing is the major index of economic prosperity because: (a) It helps improvise agriculture and reduces dependence on it by providing secondary/tertiary jobs. (b) Export of goods brings in foreign exchange. (c) It is a prerequisite for elimination of poverty and unemployment. (d) It contributes significantly to GDP.

Question. Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:
India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces. The mills are located in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This industry is seasonal in nature so, it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector. In recent years, there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra, This is because the cane produced here has a higher sucrose content. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. Moreover, the cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Question. What is the status of India in the production of sugar?
Answer: India ranks second in the production of sugar after Brazil but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari.

Question. Which are the major sugar producing states of India?
Answer: Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh.

Question. Why there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states?
Answer: (i) The cane produced here has a higher sucrose content. (ii) The cooler climate ensures a longer crushing season. (iii) Cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Source/Extract Based Questions

Read the text given below and answer the following questions:
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy, they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.

Question. Manufacturing industries fall in _________ and agriculture in ________
(a) Primary, Secondary Sector
(b) Secondary, Tertiary Sector
(c) Primary, Tertiary Sector
(d) Secondary, Primary Sector
Answer: (d)

Question. Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to—
(a) Garment production, (b) Research & Development, (c) Banking, (d) Mining.
(a) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
(b) a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
(c) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-2
(d) a-4, b-1, c-4, d-3
Answer: (b)

Question. Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?
(a) Manufacturing farm equipment
(b) Providing unskilled labour force
(c) Supplying fertilizers and pesticides
(d) Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers
Answer: (b)

Question. In order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop—
(a) Agrarian facilities
(b) Cultivable lands
(c) Media facilities
(d) Infrastructure facilities
Answer: (d)

Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows :
India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces. The mills are located in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This industry is seasonal in nature so, it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector. In recent years, there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra, This is because the cane produced here has a higher sucrose content. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. Moreover, the cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Question. On the basis of raw material used, Sugar Industry falls in the category of _________ industries.
Answer: Agro-based Industries.

Question. Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence and choose the correct option:
(i) Crystallization and refinement,
(ii) Juice extraction pressing,
(iii) Packing and transporting to the market,
(iv) Cleaning and slicing of cane,
(v) Purification and evaporation.
(a) iii-ii-v-i-iv
(b) i-iv-ii-v-iii
(c) iv-ii-v-i-iii
(d) iv-i-iii-ii-v
Answer: (c)

Question. Which one of the following is not a reason behind shifting of sugar industry to the southern and western states?
(a) More Juice content in cane
(b) More capital and developed cooperative system
(c) Easier to export
(d) Lack of labour in northern states
Answer: (a)

Question. Maximum concentration of sugar mills lie in U.P. and Bihar because _________
(a) Soil supports sugarcane crop only.
(b) Farmers are expert in growing sugarcane only.
(c) Easy availability of labour.
(d) High moisture in this region.
Answer: (c)

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The iron and steel industry is the basic industry since all the other industries — heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their machinery. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods. Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development. Iron and steel is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. Iron ore, coking coal and lime stone are required in the ratio of approximately \( 4:2:1 \). Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel. India ranks 3rd among the world crude steel producers. It is the largest producer of sponge iron. In 2016 per capita consumption of steel in the country was only around 63 kg per annum against the world average of 208 kg.

Question. Iron and steel industry is the largest industry that comes in the category of _________.
Answer: Mineral-based Industries.

Question. Match the different metals with their best uses given below and choose the correct option.
(a. Aluminum, b. Copper, c. Iron and Steel, d. Manganese) with (1. Electric wires, 2. Infrastructure, 3. To harden steel, 4. Aeroplanes).
(a) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
(b) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
(c) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
(d) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
Answer: (b)

Question. Which one of the following is not a step involve in the processes of Manufacture of Steel?
(a) Transportation of raw material to the plants.
(b) Clearing impurities and use of blast furnace
(c) Melting and oxidizing pig iron
(d) Ginning and spinning
Answer: (d)

Question. Lower per capital consumption of steel is an indicator of:
(a) High Exports
(b) Increase Per capita Income
(c) Expansion in infrastructure
(d) Interlinking of sectors of Economy
Answer: (c)