Very Short Answer Questions
Question. What technique would you suggest for correcting infertility caused due to very low sperm counts of a male partner?
Answer. Artificial insemination
Question. The present population growth rate in India is alarming. Suggest ways to check it.
Answer. (i) By increasing marriageable age.
(ii) By promoting use of birth control measures.
(iii) By educating people about consequences of uncontrolled population growth.
Question. A doctor has observed the chromosomal disorders in developing foetus and advised the couple to undergo abortion. Suggest the technique by which doctor observed the chromosomal disorders.
Answer. Amniocentesis
Short Answer Questions
Question. An infertile couple is advised to adopt test-tube baby programme. Describe two principle procedures adopted for such technologies.
Answer. (i) IVF/In vitro fertilisation: It is the fertilisation of gametes outside the body in almost similar conditions as that in the body.
(ii) ET/Embryo transfer: Embryos formed by fusion of gametes is transferred into reproductive tract or uterus.
Question. After a brief medical examination a healthy couple came to know that both of them are unable to produce functional gametes and should look for an ‘ART’ (Assisted Reproductive Technique). Name the ‘ART’ and the procedure involved that you can suggest to them to help them bear a child.
Answer. Test tube baby programme can be done.
For explanation refer to Basic Concepts Point 6 (i).
Question. The process of GIFT involves the transfer of female gamete to the fallopian tube. Can gametes be transferred to the uterus to achieve the same result? Explain.
Answer. The uterine environment is not congenial for the survival of the gamete. If directly transferred to the uterus, they will undergo degeneration or could be phagocytosed and hence viable zygote would not be formed.
Question. How can childless couples be helped by the following assisted reproductive technologies:
(a) GIFT? (b) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection?
Answer. (a) GIFT (Gamete Intra Fallopian Transfer): It is the transfer of an ovum collected from a donor into the fallopian tube of another female who cannot produce one, but can provide suitable environment for fertilisation and further development.
(b) Intracytoplasmic Sperm Injection (ICSI): It is a process in which an embryo is formed in the laboratory, in which a sperm is directly injected into the ovum.
Question. What do you think is the significance of reproductive health in a society?
Answer. In a society, if people are aware of birth control methods to avoid sexually transmitted diseases and the importance of breast feeding and post-natal care of the mother and baby, then the society can have healthy children who are the future citizens of a nation.
Question. Suggest the aspects of reproductive health which need to be given special attention in the present scenario.
Answer. (i) Introduction of sex education in school that helps in eradicating myths and misconceptions regarding sex-related aspects.
(ii) Proper information about reproductive organs, safe and hygienic sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
(iii) Awareness of problems due to uncontrolled population growth, social evils like sex-abuse and sex-related crimes, etc.
(iv) Strong infra-structural facilities, professional expertise and material support to provide medical assistance and care to people in reproduction-related problems.
(v) Educating people about available birth control options, care of pregnant mothers, post-natal care of mother and child, importance of breast-feeding, equal opportunities for the male and female child.
Question. Is sex education necessary in schools? Why?
Answer. Yes, sex education is necessary in schools because
(i) it will provide proper information about reproductive organs, adolescence, safe and hygienic sexual practices and sexually transmitted diseases (STDs).
(ii) it will provide right information to avoid myths and misconceptions about sex-related queries.