CBSE Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction Worksheet Set E

Long Short Answer Questions

Question . STDs are a threat to reproductive health. Describe any two such diseases and suggest preventive measures.
Answer. • Infections or diseases that are transmitted through sexual intercourse are collectively called sexually transmitted diseases (STDs) or venereal diseases (VD) or reproductive tract infections (RTI).
• STDs are caused by bacteria (syphilis, gonorrhoea), virus (AIDS, hepatitis B, genital herpes, genital warts), protozoans, nematodes, ectoparasites (trichomoniasis, chlamydiasis) and fungi.
• Early symptoms: Itching, fluid discharge, slight pain and swellings in the genital region. 
• Complications due to chronic STDs: Pelvic inflammatory diseases (PID), abortions, still births, ectopic pregnancies, infertility, or even cancer of the reproductive tract.
• Transmission of hepatitis-B and HIV also occurs by the following ways:
(i) Sharing of injection needles or surgical instruments with infected persons;
(ii) transfusion of infected blood;
(iii) transfer from infected mother to the foetus through placenta.

Question . Name two hormones that are constituents of contraceptive pills. Why do they have high and effective contraceptive value? Name a commonly prescribed non-steroidal oral pill.
Answer. Progestogen-estrogen combination, Progestogen or Progesterone are present in contraceptive pills. They inhibit ovulation, implantation and alter quality of cervical mucus to retard entry of sperm. Saheli is a commonly prescribed oral pill.

Question . (a) Expand IUD.
(b) Why is hormone releasing IUD considered a good contraceptive to space children?
Answer. (a) IUD—Intra uterine devices.
(b) Hormone releasing IUDs are considered a good contraceptives because
(i) they make the uterus unsuitable for implantation.
(ii) they increase the phagocytosis of sperms within uterus and the Cu ions released, suppress sperm motility and the fertilising capacity of sperms.

Question . Name three incurable sexually transmitted diseases and their causative organisms.
Answer. Sexually transmitted disease Causal agent
(i) Hepatitis-B Hepatitis-B virus
(ii) Genital herpes Herpes simplex virus
(iii) AIDS HIV (Human Immunodeficiency Virus)

 

Solve the MCQ questions below

Option	Meaning
(1) A	Both Assertion and Reason are true, and the Reason is the correct explanation for the Assertion.
(2) B	Both Assertion and Reason are true, but the Reason is NOT the correct explanation for the Assertion.
(3) C	The Assertion is true, but the Reason is false.
(4) D	Both the Assertion and the Reason are false.

 

Question. Assertion :- Urethral meatus is the external opening of the urethra.
Reason :- Urethra originates from Urinary Bladder and extends through the penis to urethral meatus.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Male Accessory glands includes paired seminal vesicles, a prostate gland and single bulbourethral gland.
Reason :- Seminal plasma contains Galactose, calcium and certain other Enzymes.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- The Edges of infundibulum possess finger like projections called Fimbriae.
Reason :- Fimbriae help in maintaining the ovaries in position in the Pelvic Region.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- The Labia minora are paired fold of tissue under Labia majora.
Reason :- The opening of the vagina is often covered partially by a membrane called hymen.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Each Breast has \( 15-20 \) mammary lobes which contains cluster of cells called Alveoli.
Reason :- Mammary duct joins to form a Narrow Ampulla, which is connected to Lactiferous Duct.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Spermatogonia present in the seminiferous tubules multiply by Meiotic division.
Reason :- Each spermatogonium is Haploid and contains \( 23 \) chromosomes.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- After spermiogenesis sperm head embedded in Sertoli cells.
Reason :- Sperms are finally released from the seminiferous tubules by the process of spermiation.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Luteinizing Hormone and Follicle stimulating hormone are secreted by posterior lobe of pituitary gland.
Reason :- Luteinizing hormone acts on Sertoli cells and stimulates synthesis and secretion of Androgens.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Temporarily arrested oogonia in the \( Prophase-I \) stage are called Primary oocyte.
Reason :- These Primary oocytes gets surrounded by many layers of Granulosa cells called the primary follicles.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Tertiary follicle is characterized by a fluid filled cavity called Antrum.
Reason :- The Primary oocyte within the tertiary follicle divides to form a large Haploid secondary oocyte.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- LH and FSH secretion attains peak level on \( 14^{th} \) day of Menstrual cycle.
Reason :- LH surge induces rupture of Graafian Follicles and therefore induces ovulation.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Embryo with \( 8-16 \) Blastomeres is called Morula.
Reason :- The outer layer of Blastocyst is called Trophoblast.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- The Second Mitotic Division in secondary oocyte results in the formation of ootid.
Reason :- Ootid is a Diploid ovum.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Sperm formation continues even in old men but formation of ovum caeses in women around the age of fifty years.
Reason :- Human male having the longer life span than the female.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- India was amongst the first countries in the world to initiate action plans and programmes about reproductive health at national level.
Reason :- Indian population grows exponentially and crosses to one billion and the every sixth person in the world is an indian.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Nearly \( 45 \) to \( 50 \) millions MTPs are performed in a year all over the world which accounts to \( 1/5^{th} \) of the total number of conceived pregnancies in a year.
Reason :- MTPs has a significant role in decreasing the population.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Presence of testis in the abdominal cavity through out the life causes sterility in man.
Reason :- Higher temperature of abdominal cavity causes destruction of spermatogonial cell.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- One ovum is released (ovulation) during the middle of each menstrual cycle that last for about \( 35 \) days.
Reason :- Only one ovum starts to develop in one ovary during each menstrual cycle.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- The menstrual flow results due to breakdown of endometrial lining of the uterus and its blood vessels
Reason :- Rapid fall in the level of progesteron takes place due to degeneration of corpus leuteum.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Menstrual cycle is stopped during pregnancy.
Reason :- Lack of menstruation is confirmation of pregnancy.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- During follicular phase, the primary follicles in the ovary grow to become a fully mature Graafian follicle.
Reason :- Endometrium of uterus regenerates during follicular phase due to increasing level of progesterone.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- The changes in the ovarian cycle as well as uterine cycle are induced by changes in the levels of pituitary and ovarian hormones.
Reason :- The secretion of LH & FSH increases gradually during the follicular phase and estrogen also secreated by developing follicle.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- The acrosomal secretions of sperm, help in the entering in the cytoplasm of the ovum.
Reason :- It contains sperm lysin.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Human females not participate in the determination of the sex of progeny.
Reason :- Human female is heterozygous.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- During the process of implantation, the inner cells mass of blastocyst gets attached to the endometrium and gets differentiated as the embryo.
Reason :- It forms placenta for nourishment.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- The levels of hormone like estrogens, progestogens, cortisol, prolactin, Thyroxine etc. are increased several folds in the maternal blood.
Reason :- Increased level of these hormones is essential for supporting the foetal growth, and maintenance of pregnancy.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- The inner cell mass (embryo) differentiates into an outer layer and an inner layer just before implantation.
Reason :- Differentiation of inner cells mass is necessary to produce somatopleure and splanchnopleure which will form placenta.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Intra uterine devices are inserted in the uterus to delay the pregnancy and/or space children.
Reason :- They stop chances of implantation.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Avoid sex with unknown partners/multiple partners.
Reason :- All persons are vulnerable to infections due to STD like AIDS, HSV, etc.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Interaction between hormones and certain environmental factors regulate the reproductive processes.
Reason :- It regulate associated behavioural expressions of organisms.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Formation of sperm takes place in seminiferous tubules of testes.
Reason :- Seminiferous tubules lined with male germ cells and sertoli cells.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Diaphragms, cervical caps and vaults are rubber made barrier device, that are inserted into the female reproductive tract to cover the cervix.
Reason :- These are reusable.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Hepatitis–B and HIV, can also be transmitted by sharing of injection syringe, surgical instruments etc. from infected persons.
Reason :- Hepatitis–B and HIV infections are completely curable.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- MTPs are relatively safe during the first trimester.
Reason :- In India MTPs is not allowed by law after first trimester.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- The female enters to stage of menopause, are not considered as the female with normal reproductive phase.
Reason :- Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of normal reproductive phase.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- The normal reproductive phase of female extends between menarche and menopause.
Reason :- Cyclic menstruation is an indicator of nomral reproductive phase.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Menstrual cycle remains suspended during pregnancy.
Reason :- Pregnancy is not the sign of normal reproductive phase.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Conversion of corpus luteum into corpus albicans, can be considered as the indicative sign of initiation of next menstrual cycle.
Reason :- Low levels of progesterone and estrogens promote secretion of GnRH, FSH and LH.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Endometrium starts to degenerate during the end of menstrual cycle.
Reason :- There is decrease secretion of progesterone and estrogens by regressing corpus luteus.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- There is preparation of endometrium for arrival of fertilised ovum takes place during secretory phase of menstrual cycle.
Reason :- Increased secretion of progesterone and estrogens by cells of corpus luteum takes place.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- The luteal phase of menstrual cycle is also called secretory phase.
Reason :- Hormones of corpus luteum promote growth and coiling of the endomentrial glands and vascularization of the superficial endometrium.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- The secondary oocyte retains bulk of the nutrient rich cytoplasm of the primary oocyte.
Reason :- After fertilization it will develop in embryo.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- First meiotic division completed prior to ovulation in primary oocyte.
Reason :- It starts before birth of female foetus.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- The first menstruation begins at puberty and is called menarche.
Reason :- Menarche indicates that she is reproductively normal.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- During pregnancy all events of the menstrual cycle stop and there is no menstruation.
Reason :- The level of progesterone continues at high level during pregnancy.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- In human beings, menstrual cycles ceases around \( 50 \) years of age; that is termed as menopause.
Reason :- Ovary degenerates at the age of about \( 50 \) years.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- During the first half of menstrual cycle the level of progesterone is extremely low in comparison to estrogen.
Reason :- Oestrogen not converted in progesterone during first half of menstrual cycle.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- The second meiotic division is also unequal and results in the formation of a second polar body and a haploid ovum (ootid).
Reason :- Second polar body formed after fertilization.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- A human chorionic gonadotropin is released by placenta.
Reason :- It take over the function of LH.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- In a human testes are situated outside the abdominal cavity.
Reason :- The development of testes requires lower temperature, than the normal body temperature.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Saheli has high contraceptive value with very little side effects.
Reason :- It contains non-steroidal preparations called centchroman.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- IUDs are ideal contraceptives for who want to delay pregnancy and/or space children.
Reason :- It is most widely accepted methods with zero chance of failure.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Small doses of progesterone - estrogen combinations is another contraceptive method used by the females.
Reason :- Progesterone - estrogen combination give negative feedback to the production of GnRH, LH, FSH etc.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Saheli is a 'once a week' pill.
Reason :- It having very few side effects and high contraceptive values.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Sterilisation procedure in the male is called vasectomy.
Reason :- In vasectomy a small part of the vas-deferens is removed or tied up through a small incision on the scrotum.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Sterilization is generally advised for the male/female partner as a terminal method to prevent any more pregnancies.
Reason :- Sterlisation is permanent method of contraception.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Finger like projections which appears on the wall of trophoblast are called chorionic villi.
Reason :- Chorionic villi facilitates the formation of placenta which helps in the exchange of materials.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Placenta secretes hCG, hPL, estrogen and progestogens.
Reason :- hCG, hPL and relaxin are produced in women only during pregnancy.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Immediately after implantation inner cell mass of embryo differentiates and it contains stem cells.
Reason :- Stem cells have the potency to give rise to certain tissues and organs.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Indian population crossed one Billion in May \( 2000 \).
Reason :- A rapid growth in Death Rate, MMR & IMR are Reasons of it.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Testes are located out side the body cavity.
Reason :- Sperm can not survive at normal body temperature.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Colostrum provides passive immunity to new born.
Reason :- Colostrum is highly rich with antibody.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Anterior pituitary gland secrete two gonadotropins.
Reason :- Gonadotropins are required for ovulation.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Menopause in females takes at the age of \( 45-50 \) year.
Reason :- All follicles in ovary are degenerated at the age of \( 45-50 \) year.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- During menstrual cycle endometrium proliferate under influence of oestrogen.
Reason :- Oestrogen is main hormone of pre ovulatory phase cause cell division in endometrium.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Implantation mostly takes place in fundus part of uterus.
Reason :- Zona pellucida prevent the ectopic pregnency.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- At the time of parturition oxytocin release from maternal pituitary.
Reason :- Oxytocin dilate the pubic symphysis at the time of parturition.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- All oogonia are formed during embryonic stage.
Reason :- Only maturation phase of oogenesis takes place during menstrual cycle.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Unequal holoblastic cleavage are present in telolecithal egg.
Reason :- In amphibians yolk is distributed unevenly in the eggs.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- All the structures of sperm dissolve in egg cytoplasm except sperm nucleus and proximal centriole after sperm entry into the ovum.
Reason :- Centriole of egg degenerates after \( meiosis-II \).
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Menstruation occurs due to withdrawl of progesterone in blood.
Reason :- Withdrawl of progesterone leads to sudden withdrawl of prostaglandins.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Inhibin suppresses the secretion of FSH.
Reason :- Inhibin gives negative feedback mainly at anterior pituitary.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Spermicidal agents prevent the fertilization.
Reason :- Spermicidal agents inhibit the nutritive supply of sperms.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Hormon releasing IUD prevent the pregnency.
Reason :- Hormon releasing IUD work as a barrier in the fusion of sperm and ovum.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Saheli is a antioestrogenic pill, used as a contraceptive.
Reason :- Saheli pill is non steroidal pill.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Lactional amenorrhoea is a natural method of birth control.
Reason :- High concentration of PRL inhibit the menstrual cycle in lactating mother.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Question. Assertion :- Medical termination of pregnancy are relatively safe during \( 2^{nd} \) trimester.
Reason :- Placenta is formed in \( 2^{nd} \) trimester.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: D

Question. Assertion :- Impotent person are unable to produce the childs.
Reason :- MTP is the techinque for impotent person to produce the childs.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Immovable sperm are unable to fertilize the egg.
Reason :- AI is the best technique to formation of embryo in the laboratory.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Amniocentesis is a foetal sex determination test based on chromosomal pattern in the cells of amniotic fluid.
Reason :- Cells of amniotic fluid provides the buoyency to developing foetus.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Condoms are Widely use as a contraceptives.
Reason :- Condoms prevent from STD and AIDS.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- After both oophorectomy female is incapable to produce the childs.
Reason :- AI is the techique to produce the child after both oophorectomy.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: C

Question. Assertion :- Progesterone can be used as emergency contraceptive method.
Reason :- Progesterone makes cervical mucous plug in cervix.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: B

Question. Assertion :- Cervical cap is not a good method of contraception than condom.
Reason :- Failure rate of cervical cap is high and no protection from STD.
(a) A
(b) B
(c) C
(d) D
Answer: A

Please click on below link to download CBSE Class 12 Biology Human Reproduction Worksheet Set E