CBSE Class 9 Social Science Working of Institutions Worksheet Set 01

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Democracy is not just about people electing their rulers. In a democracy the rulers have to follow some rules and procedures. They have to work with and within institutions. This chapter is about the working of such institutions in a democracy. We try to understand this by looking at the manner in which major decisions are taken and implemented in our country. We also learn about power shared between legislature, executive and judiciary.

CBSE Class 9 Social Science Working of Institutions Worksheet Set A 1
 

Question. Once the Lok Sabha passes the Budget of the Government or any Other Money Related Law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by :
(A) 14 days
(B) 15 days
(C) 16 days
(D) 17 days
Answer : A

Question. Why does a Minister take the final say although the Advisors and Experts working in the Department may be more qualified?
(A) He is finally answerable to the people for all the consequences of his decision.
(B) The Minister is an Elected Representative of the People and thus, Empowered to exercise the will of the People on their behalf.
(C) The Minister decides the overall framework and objectives in which decisions on Policy should be made.
(D) All of the above.
Answer : D

Question. Who is the Head of the State and the Highest Formal Authority in the Country?
(A) The Prime Minister
(B) The President
(C) Speaker of Lok Sabha
(D) Home Minister
Answer : B

Question. Study the given Picture carefully :
This picture is related to which of the following :
(A) 1956 election
(B) 1962 election
(C) 1967 election
(D) 1972 election
Answer : B

Question. What is meant by Coalition Government? 
(A) A Government formed by an Alliance of two or more Political Parties when no Single Partyenjo ys majority support.
(B) A Government formed by Absolute Majority.
(C) A Government formed by an Alliance of only two Political Parties when no Single party enjoys majority support.
(D) A Government formed by an Alliance of two or more Social Groups.
Answer : A

Question. How many Members are nominated by the President in Rajya Sabha? R
(A) 10
(B) 21
(C) 12
(D) 11
Answer : C

 

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. “The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers.” Justify this statement.
Answer :  (i) Only a person who enjoys the support of the Majority of the Members in the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister.
(ii) If the Majority of the Lok Sabha Members say they have “No Confidence” in the Council of Ministers, then all the Ministers including the Prime Minister have to quit.

Question. Describe the Role played by the Contemporary Prime Minister of India in the Implementation of the Mandal Commission Report.
Answer :  (i) The Prime Minister informed the Parliament about the decision through a Statement in both the Houses of Parliament.
(ii) The decision of the Cabinet was sent to the Department of Personnel and Training.
(iii) The Senior Officers of the Department drafted an order in Line with the Cabinet decision and took the Minister’s approval.

Question. Define the Parliament and the Legislature of India and write any one important role of it.
Answer :  (i) In India, a National Assembly of Elected Representatives who exercise Supreme Political Authority on behalf of the People is called the Parliament.
(ii) At the State Level, this is called Legislature or Legislative Assembly.
(iii) One important role: The Parliament is the final authority for making Laws in our Country.

Question. Explain any three functions of Parliament. Why do we need a Parliament?
Answer :  (i) Parliament is the Final Authority for making Laws.
(ii) It exercises control over the working of the Government.
(iii) It controls all the Money that Government have.

Question. Who are the Ministers of States ? Write any two Functions of them.
Answer :  Ministers of States with Independent charge are usually in charge of Smaller Ministries.
(i) They participate in the Cabinet Meetings only.
(ii) They are attached to and required to assist the respective Cabinet Minister.
(iii) They look after the Ministry to which attached.

Question. What is meant by the Independence of the Judiciary? Explain.
Answer :  Independence of the Judiciary :
(i) Judiciary is not under the control of the Legislature or the Executive.
(ii) The Judges do not act on the Direction of the Government or according to the wishes of the Party in Power.
(iii) The Constitution of India provides the Security to the Service of the Judges. Once appointed by the President, their service cannot be terminated by will or by any authority whatever.
(iv) There is a Security of pay and allowances of the Judges. Their Salaries cannot be reduced.
(v) The Supreme Court and the High Courts are free to decide their own Procedure of Work and Establishment.
(vi) Judges are not allowed to practice after Retirement so that they cannot influence Judgements of the Court.

Question. Write about the Process of Appointment and Removal of a Judge of the Supreme Court.
Answer :  The Judges of the Supreme Court and the High Courts are appointed by the President on the Advice of the Prime Minister and in Consultation with the Chief Justice of India. In practice the Senior Judges of the Supreme Court select the New Judges of the Supreme Court. A Judge can be removed only by an Impeachment Motion passed separately by Two-third Members of the Two Houses of the Parliament.
(i) Security of its Citizens.
(ii) Law and order.
(iii) Justice.
(iv) Welfare activities.
(v) Various decisions are taken and implemented for the Welfare of the People by the Institutions

Question. ‘‘The Indira Sawhney and others Versus Union of India Case’’, was filed in which concern? Describe it.
Answer :  (i) The Second Backward Classes Commission in India was established in 1979 by the Janata Party Government under the then Prime Minister Morarji Desai. It was headed by Indian Parliamentarian B.P. Mandal. Hence, it was popularly known as the Mandal Commission.
(ii) The Commission was asked to determine the criteria to identify the Socially and Educationally Backward Classes in India and recommend steps for their advancement.
(iii) The Commission gave its report in 1980 and made many recommendations. One of these was that 27% of Government Jobs be Reserved for the Socially and Economically Backward classes (SEBC). The Reservation issue was very strongly protested after the implementation of the Commission Report in 1990. People reacted vehemently because this decision affected thousands of Job Opportunities.
(iv) Some people felt that Reservations were necessary to Balance the inequality among people of different castes in India. Others felt that Reservations were unfair and would deny equal Opportunities to those who did not belong to Backward Communities. Following the Nation-wide outrage against the order and protest, a Court case was filed against the Order. These cases were grouped together by the Supreme Court and called the ‘Indira Sawhney and others Versus the Union of India Case’. (Any three)

Question. Who are Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBC)? What is the percentage of Government jobs reserved for them? 
Answer : 
1. SEBC a new third category other than Scheduled Caste and Scheduled Tribe. 
2. It is another name for all those people who belong to castes that are considered backward by the government. 
3. It states that 27 percent of the vacancies in civil posts and services under the Government of India jobs are reserved for the Socially and Economically Backward Classes (SEBC).

Question. What is Mandal Commission? What were its suggestions?
Answer :  
1. The Government of India had appointed the Second Backward Classes Commission in 1979. It was headed by B.P. Mandal. So it was popularly called the Mandal Commission.
2. It was asked to determine the criteria to identify the socially and educationally backward classes in India and recommend steps to be taken for their advancement.
3. The Commission gave its Report in 1980 and made many recommendations. One of these was that 27 per cent of government jobs be reserved for the socially and economically backward classes.

Question. Answer the Following questions in your Class Note Book:  
Answer : 
1. What is the number of the Government Order issued on August 13, 1990? 
2. What do you understand by ‘Office Memorandum’? 
3. Who signed the Order? 
4. Who gave the instructions to implement the order? 
5. Name the Political Party that promised the implementation of Mandal Commission in their election manifesto in 1989 Lok Sabha election? 
6. Who was the Prime Minister at the time when it was implemented?
 
Question. Analyse the various developments that took place after the implementation of Mandal Commission in 1989. 
Answer : 
1. The President of India in his address to the Parliament announced the intention of the government to implement the recommendations of the Mandal Commission. On 6 August 1990, the Union Cabinet took a formal decision to implement the recommendations. 
2. Next day Prime Minister V.P. Singh informed the Parliament about this decision through a statement in both the Houses of Parliament. 
3. The decision of the Cabinet was sent to the Department of Personnel and Training. The senior officers of the Department drafted an order in line with the Cabinet decision and took the minister’s approval. An officer signed the order on behalf of the Union Government. It became the O.M of August 13, 1990. 
4. It was also the most debated question of the country at that time. The issue related to Reservation policy was later solved by the Supreme Court.
 
Question. What were the arguments in favour and against the reservation for OBC? 
Answer : 
1. Some felt that existence of inequalities among people of different castes in India necessitated job reservations. They felt, this would give a fair opportunity to those communities who so far had not adequately been represented in government employment 
2. Others felt that this was unfair, as it would deny equality of opportunity to those who did not belong to backward communities. 
3. They would be denied jobs even though they could be more qualified. Some felt that this would perpetuate caste feelings among people and hamper national unity. 
6 Answer the Following questions in your Class Note Book: 
Name the cases related to the Reservation disputes bunched by the Supreme Court. 
When did Supreme Court declare Order of August 13, 1990 valid?
 
Question. NOTE: Refer to Page No.62 (Electoral Politics) to see the justification given for Reservations to SC & ST communities in Legislatures. (LokSabha and State Assemblies)
Add this Board Question with the Board Answer For Chapter No.4 & also this Chapter -5
What is meant by reserved constituencies? Justify the concept of 'Reservation of seats' by giving any three suitable arguments.  
Answer : 
Reserved Constituencies: 
• Some constituencies are reserved for people who belong to the Scheduled Castes (SC) and Scheduled Tribes (ST). In these constituencies, only someone who belongs to these categories can stand for election.
 
Arguments for justification of the Concept: 
1. The Constitution makers were worried that in an open electoral competition, certain weaker sections may not stand a good chance to get elected to Lok Sabha and the state legislative Assemblies. 
2. They may not have the required resources, education and contacts to contest and win elections against others. 
3. If the reservation not done, our Parliament and Assemblies would be deprived of the voice of a significant Section of our population. 
 
Question. How did the Supreme Court resolve the dispute arose out of the Government decision to provide job reservation for OBC? 
Answer : 
1. The Supreme Court and the High Courts in India settle disputes arising out of governmental decisions. 
2. Some persons and associations opposed to this order filed a number of cases in the courts. They appealed to the courts to declare the order invalid and stop its implementation. 
3. By a majority, the Supreme Court judges in 1992 declared that this order of the Government of India was valid. At the same time the Supreme Court asked the government to modify its original order. It said that well-to do persons among the     backward classes should be excluded from getting the benefit of reservation.
 
Question. List out the various activities of a Government. 
Answer : 
1. Governing a country involves various such activities; for example, the government is responsible for ensuring security to the citizens and providing facilities for education and health to all. 
2. It collects taxes and spends the money thus raised on administration, defense and developmental programmes. It formulates and implements several welfare schemes
 
Question. What are called institutions in a modern democracy? Describe basic rules laid by Indian Constitution for the functioning of our institutions.  
Answer : 
• To attend to various tasks like welfare, developmental and governmental programmes several arrangements are made in all modern democracies. Such arrangements are called institutions.  
1. The Parliament makes the laws, or amends or abolishes the laws and controls the executive. 
2. The Prime Minister and the Cabinet are institutions that take all important policy decisions. 
3. The Civil Servants, working together, are responsible for taking steps to implement the ministers’ decisions. 
4. Supreme Court is an institution where disputes between citizens and the government are finally settled. 
 
Question. Point out the various constraints in the working of different institutions in a democracy. How are these constraints useful? 
Answer : 
1. Working with institutions in a democracy is not easy. Institutions involve rules and regulations. This can bind the hands of leaders. 
2. Institutions involve meetings, committees and routines. This often leads to delays and complications. 
3. One might feel that it is much better to have one person take all decisions without any rules, procedures and meetings. But that is not the spirit of democracy. 
4. Some of the delays and complications introduced by institutions are very useful. They provide an opportunity for a wider set of people to be consulted in any decision. 
5. Institutions make it difficult to have a good decision taken very quickly. But they also make it equally difficult to rush through a bad decision.
 
Question. Examine the powers of the Parliament. 
Answer : 
1. Parliament is the final authority for making laws in any country. This task of law making or legislation is so crucial that these assemblies are called legislatures. 
2. Parliaments all over the world can make new laws, change existing laws, or abolish existing laws and make new ones in their place. 
3. Parliaments all over the world exercise some control over those who run the government. In some countries like India this control is direct and full. Those who run the government can take decisions only so long as they enjoy support of the Parliament. 
4. Parliaments control all the money that governments have. In most countries the public money is spent only when the Parliament sanctions it.(Budget) 
5. Parliament is the highest forum of discussion and debate on public issues and national policy in any country. Parliament can seek information about any matter.
 
Question. What are the two houses of Indian Parliament? How are they formed? 
Answer : 
1. The Parliament consists of two Houses. The two Houses are known as the Council of States (Rajya Sabha) and the House of the People (Lok Sabha). 
2. Lok Sabha is usually directly elected by the people for five years and exercises the real power on behalf of the people. 
3. The Rajya Sabha is elected indirectly by MLAs/ MLCs [Members of State Vidhan Sabha/ Vidhan Parished, if the State is having two houses -Bicameralism) and if only one house (Vidhan Sabha- Unicameralism)] performs some special functions .It also looks after the interests of various states and other federal units. A Rajya Sabha member is elected for six years.
 
Question. How is Lok Sabha more powerful than Rajya Sabha? 
Answer : 
1. Any ordinary law needs to be passed by both the Houses. But if there is a difference between the two Houses, the final decision is taken in a joint session in which members of both the Houses sit together. Because of the larger number of members, the view of the Lok Sabha is likely to prevail in such a meeting. 
2. Lok Sabha exercises more powers in money matters. Once the Lok Sabha passes the budget of the government or any other money related law, the Rajya Sabha cannot reject it. The Rajya Sabha can only delay it by 14 days or suggest changes in it. The Lok Sabha may or may not accept these changes. 
3. The Lok Sabha controls the Council of Ministers. Only a person who enjoys the support of the majority of the members in the Lok Sabha is appointed as the Prime Minister. If the majority of the Lok Sabha members say they have ‘no confidence’ in the Council of Ministers, all ministers including the Prime Minister, have to quit. The Rajya Sabha does not have this power.

Question. Q.1 What is the total strength of the Rajya Sabha?
(a) 240
(b) 250
(c) 255
(d) 260
Answer: B

Question. Q.2 What is the total membership of the Lok Sabha?
(a) 535
(b) 540
(c) 550
(d) 552
Answer: D

Question. Q.3 Who is the real executive of the Indian union
(a) The Prime Minister
(b) The President
(c) The Union Cabinet
(d) The President & the Prime Minister together
Answer: A

Question. Q.4 How many member are nominated by the president in Rajya Sabha ?
(a) 12
(b) 14
(c) 16
(d) 18
Answer: A

Question. Q.5 What is the maximum period allowed to lapse between the two sessions of Parliament ?
(a) 4 Months
(b) 6 Months
(c) 8 Months
(d) 10 Months
Answer: B

Question. Q.6 Who can dissolved the House of people ?
(a) Prime Minister
(b) Speaker
(c) President
(d) None of these
Answer: C

Question. Q.7 What is duration of term of the members of the Rajya Sabha ?
(a) 4 yrs
(b) 5 yrs
(c) 6 yrs
(d) 7 yrs
Answer: C

Question. Q.8 Money bill can be introduced in the .....
(a) Lok Sabha
(b) Rajya Sabha
(c) State Assembly
(d) All of these
Answer: A

Question. Q.9 Who decide whether a bill is a money bill or not
(a) Prime Minister
(b) President
(c) Home Minister
(d) Speaker
Answer: D

Question. Q.10 Who appoints the Prime Minister of India ?
(a) Speaker
(b) President
(c) Vice President
(d) Chief Justice of India
Answer: B

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