CBSE Class 9 History Nazism and The Rise of Hitler Worksheet Set 02

Question.   What was the war guilt clause in the Treaty of Versailles?
Answer :   The War Guilt Clause held Germany responsible for the war and damages the Allied countries suffered. 

Question.   What type of government was the Weimar Republic?
Answer :  Government formed in Germany at Weimar was a democratic constitution with a federal structure.

Question.   Name the country occupied by Germany under the slogan, one people, one empire, one leader?
Answer :     Hitler integrated Austria and Germany in 1938 under the slogan, one people, one empire and one leader.

Question.   What the gas chambers were called?
Answer :      Gas chambers were labelled disinfection-areas and looked like bathrooms equipped with fake showerheads.

Question.   What was Free Corps?
Answer :      The Weimar Republic crushed the uprising with the help of a war veteran’s organisation called free corps.               

Question.   Why did Helmut’s father shoot himself?
Answer :    His father was a prominent physician and had been supporter of Nazis and Adolf Hitler. Germans who were seen as impure or abnormal had no right to exist. Under the Euthanasia Programme Helmut’s father along with other Nazi officials had condemned to death many Germans who were considered mentally or physically unfit. They had fear that now Allies will do to them what they did to the crippled and Jews. So he shot himself in his office.

Question.   What did Hitler promise to Germany?
Answer :    Hitler was a powerful speaker. His passion and his words moved people. He promised to build a strong nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty and restore the dignity of the German people. He promised employment for those looking for work and a secure future for the youth. He promised to weed out all foreign influences and resist all foreign conspiracies against Germany.

Question.  What was the honour crosses awarded to the German mothers?
Answer :    In Nazi Germany all mothers were not treated equally. Women who bore racially undesirable children were punished and those who produced racially desirable children were awarded. To encourage women to produce many children, Honour Crosses were awarded. A bronze cross was given for four children, silver for six and gold for eight or more.

Question.  How was the Nazi Party formed?
Answer :  When the First World War broke out, Hitler enrolled for the army, acted as a messenger in the front, became a corporal and earned medals for bravery. The German defeat horrified him and the Versailles Treaty made him furious. In 1919, he joined a small group called the German Workers’ Party. He subsequently took over the organisation and renamed it the National Socialist German Workers’ Party. This party came to be known as the Nazi Party.

Question.   What factors compelled the USA to enter the Second World War?
Answer :  The USA had resisted involvement in the war. It was unwilling to once again face all the economic problems that the First World War had caused but it could not stay out of the war for long. Japan was expanding its power in the east. It had occupied French Indo-China and was planning attacks on US naval bases in the Pacific. When Japan extended its support to Hitler and bombed the US base at Pearl Harbour the US entered the Second World War.   

Question. Discuss why Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930.
Answer : Nazism became popular in Germany by 1930 due to lot of reasons:
→ The most apparent being the Great Depression. The Weimar Republic did little to remedy the country's economic downfall, and Hitler was presented as a saviour to the humiliated German people living in economic and political crises.
→ The powerful speeches of Hitler in which he sought to build great nation, undo the injustice of the Versailles Treaty, restore the dignity of German people and provide employment for all stirred hopes in people.
→ Nazi propaganda was unique. Red banners with the Swastika, Nazi salute and the rounds of applause attracted the people making Nazism very popular.

Question. Explain why Nazi propaganda was effective in creating a hatred for jews.
Answer : Nazi propaganda was effective in creating hatred for the jews:
→ The Nazis used the language and media effectively with great care. The racial theory put forward by the Nazis that the Jews belonged to a lower race and as such were undesirable.
→ The traditional Christian hatred for the Jews, because they were accused to have killed Christ, was fully exploited by the Nazis in order to make the Germans
pre-judicial against Jews.
→ The Nazis injected hatred against the Jews even in the minds of the children from the very beginning during the days of their schooling. The teachers who were Jews were dismissed and Jews children were thrown out of the schools. Such methods and new ideological training to the new generation of children went a long way in making the Nazi’s propaganda quite effective in creating hatred for the Jews.
→ Propaganda films were made to create hatred for the Jews. Orthodox Jews were stereotyped and marked. For example, one such film was ‘The Eternal Jew’.

Question. In what ways did the Nazi state seek to establish total control over its people?
Answer : The Nazis established control over its people by various means:
→ They used different propaganda through posters or films to glorify their behaviour.
→ Media was carefully used to win support for the regime and popularise it.
→ Nazism worked on the minds of the people, tapped their emotions and turned their hatred and anger against those marked as ‘undesirable’.
→ Special surveillance and security forces to control and order society in ways that the Nazis wanted, was created.
→ The police forces had powers to rule with impunity. Genocide also created an atmosphere of fear and repression which helped them to establish total control over its people.