CBSE Class 9 History Socialism in Europe and The Russian Revolution Worksheet Set 02

Q1)      What was Cheka? 

Ans:    Cheka was the secret police of Soviet state security. It was created to punish those who criticised the Bolsheviks.

Q2)      What was the Bolshevik party renamed after October revolution?

Ans:    The Bolshevik Party was renamed the Russian Communist Party.

Q3)      Why were the parliamentarians opposed to Tsar’s desire to dissolve the Duma?

Ans:    Parliamentarians wishing to preserve elected government were opposed to the Tsar’s desire to dissolve the Duma.

Q4)      Who formed the Union of Unions?

Ans:    Lawyers, doctors, engineers and other middle-class workers established the Union of Unions and demanded a constituent assembly.

Q5)      What was the most significant result of the February revolution?

Ans:    Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II was the most significant result of the February revolution.

Q6)      What were the views of radicals?

Ans: 

1. Radicals wanted a nation in which government was based on the majority of a country’s population. 
2. Many supported women’s suffragette movements. 
3. They opposed the privileges of great landowners and wealthy factory owners. 

Q7)      How the civil war that took place in Russia? 

Ans:    When the Bolsheviks ordered land redistribution the Russian army began to break up. Soldiers mostly peasants wished to go home for the redistribution and deserted. Non-Bolshevik socialists, liberals and supporters of autocracy condemned the Bolshevik uprising. Supporters of private property among whites took harsh steps with peasants who had seized land. Such actions led to the loss of popular support for the non-Bolsheviks. They succeeded due to cooperation with non-Russian nationalities and Muslim jadidists. In Khivas in Central Asia, Bolshevik colonists brutally massacred local nationalists in the name of defending socialism.

Q8)     Why was the decision to collectivise farms taken? 

Ans:    Stalin believed that rich peasants and traders in the countryside were holding stocks in the hope of higher prices this created the shortage. In 1928 party members toured the grain-producing areas, supervising enforced grain collections and raiding kulaks. As the shortages continued the decision was taken to collectivise farms. It was argued that grain shortages were partly due to the small size of holdings. These small-sized peasant farms could not be modernised. To develop modern farms and run them along industrial lines with machinery it was necessary to establish state-controlled large farms.

Q9)      What solutions did radicals and liberals find to the problems of industrial society? 

Ans:    Having made their wealth through trade or industrial ventures they felt that such effort should be encouraged that its benefits would be achieved if the workforce in the economy was healthy and citizens were educated. They believed that societies would develop if freedom of the individuals was ensured, if the poor could labour and those with capital could operate without restraint.

Q10)    What was the significance of Bloody Sunday?

Ans:    The incident known as Bloody Sunday started a series of events that became known as the 1905 Revolution. Strikes took place all over the country and universities closed down when student bodies staged walkouts complaining about the lack of civil liberties. Lawyers, doctors, engineers and other middle-class workers established the Union of Unions and demanded a constituent assembly.