CBSE Class 9 History Socialism in Europe and The Russian Revolution Worksheet Set A

Case-based MCQs

I. Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow :

In April 1917, the Bolshevik leader Vladimir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile. He and the Bolsheviks had opposed the war since 1914. Now he felt it was time for Soviets to take over power. He declared that the war be brought to a close, land be transferred to the Peasants and Banks be nationalised. These three demands were Lenin’s ‘April Theses’. He also argued that the Bolshevik Party rename itself the Communist Party to indicate its new radical aims. Most others in the Bolshevik Party were initially surprised by the April Theses. They thought that the time was not yet ripe for a Socialist Revolution and the Provisional Government needed to be supported. But the developments of the subsequent months changed their attitude. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option.

Question. When did Bolshevik leader Vladmir Lenin returned to Russia from his exile?
(A) In April, 1918
(B) In April, 1915
(C) In April, 1916
(D) In April, 1917
Answer : D

Question. How many demands were there in Lenin’s ‘April Theses’?
(A) Three
(B) Four
(C) Five
(D) Six
Answer : A

Question. Lenin argued that the Bolshevik Party should rename itself as .
(A) Communist Party
(B) Socialist Party
(C) Russian Social Democratic Labour Party
(D) Socialist Revolutionary Party
Answer : A

Question. Petrograd had led the February Revolution that brought down the .
(A) Slavery in the February 1917
(B) Monarchy in February 1917
(C) Clergy in February
(D) Nobility in February 1917
Answer : B

II. One of the groups which looked to change society were the Liberals. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions. We should remember that at this time European states usually discriminated in favour of one religion or another (Britain favoured the Church of England, Austria and Spain favoured the Catholic Church). Liberals also opposed the uncontrolled power of dynastic rulers. They wanted to safeguard the rights of individuals against governments. They argued for a representative elected parliamentary government, subject to laws interpreted by a well- trained judiciary that was independent of rulers and officials. However, they were not ‘democrats’. They did not believe in Universal Adult Franchise, that is, the right of every citizen to vote. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote. They also did not want the vote for women.

Question. ____ become one of the most significant and powerful ideas to shape society in the twentieth century, through the Revolution in Russia.
(A) Communism
(B) Socialism
(C) Dictatorship
(D) Democracy
Answer : B

Question. Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated.
(A) No religion
(B) One religion
(C) Few religions
(D) All religions
Answer : D

Question. Which countries favoured the Catholic Church?
(A) France and Spain
(B) Spain and Italy
(C) Austria and Spain
(D) Spain and Germany
Answer : C

Question. What was the suffragette?
(A) Women’s movement
(B) Property tax
(C) Land acquisition
(D) Proletariat class
Answer : A

III. The year 1904 was a particularly bad one for Russian workers.
Prices of essential goods rose so quickly that real wages declined by 20 percent. The membership of Workers’ Associations rose dramatically. When four members of the Assembly of Russian Workers, which had been formed in 1904, were dismissed at the Putilov Iron Works, there was a call for industrial action. Over the next few days over 110,000 workers in St. Petersburg went on strike demanding a reduction in the working day to eight hours, an increase in wages and improvement in working conditions. When the procession of Workers led by Father Gapon reached the Winter Palace it was attacked by the Police and the Cossacks. Over 100 Workers were killed and about 300 wounded. The incident, known as Bloody Sunday, started a series of events that became known as the 1905 Revolution. Strikes took place all over the Country and Universities closed down when Student bodies staged walkouts, complaining about the lack of civil liberties. Lawyers, Doctors, Engineers and other Middleclass Workers established the Union of Unions and demanded a Constituent Assembly.

Question. In the year 1904, real wages of Russian Workers declined by____.
(A) 25 percent
(B) 20 percent
(C) 40 percent
(D) 30 percent
Answer : B

Question. At St. Petersburg Workers in strike were demanding a reduction in the working hours to ______.
(A) Eight hours
(B) Six hours
(C) Ten hours
(D) Seven hours
Answer : A

Question. Over ______ workers were killed and about ______ wounded.
(A) 100, 200
(B) 200, 300
(C) 100, 300
(D) 200, 400
Answer : C

Question. The incident, known as ______, started a series of events that came to be known as the 1905 Revolution.
(A) Bloody Monday
(B) Bloody Friday
(C) Bloody Saturday
(D) Bloody Sunday
Answer : D

QUESTION. Who was Giuseppe Mazzini?
Answer : Giuseppe Mazzini was an Italian nationalist. 

QUESTION. What type of nation did liberals want?
Answer : Liberals wanted a nation which tolerated all religions.

QUESTION. What was the most significant result of the February revolution?
Answer : Abdication of Tsar Nicholas II was the most significant result of the February revolution.

QUESTION. Who were Socialists?
Answer :Socialists were against private property and saw it as the root of all social ills of the time.

QUESTION. What was budeonovka?
Answer : Budeonovka was the Soviet hat created as part of a new uniform for the Russian army. 

QUESTION. Why do we say that the liberals cannot be called democrats?
Answer : Liberals were not democrats. They did not believe in universal adult franchise i.e., the right of every citizen to vote. They felt men of property mainly should have the vote; they also did not want the vote for women.

QUESTION. Who were the Bolshevik and Menshevik?
Answer : Vladimir Lenin who led the Bolshevik group thought that in a repressive society like Tsarist Russia the party should be disciplined and should control the number and quality of its members. Others Mensheviks thought that the party should be open to all as in Germany.

QUESTION. Why were most of the Bolshevik party members initially surprised by April theses?
Answer : Most others in the Bolshevik Party were initially surprised by the April Theses. They thought that the time was not yet ripe for a socialist revolution and the Provisional Government needed to be supported. 

QUESTION. Which event took place after the Tsar abdicated on 2nd march?
Answer : The events that took place after the Tsar abdicated on 2nd march 1917 were:
Forming of provisional government.
Decision to set up constituent assembly.

QUESTION. What was happening socially in Europe and Russia during the Russian Revolution?
Answer : Much of Western Europe viewed Russia as an undeveloped backwards society. The Russian Empire practiced serfdom a form of feudalism in which landless peasants were forced to serve the land-owning nobility well into the 19^th century. In 1861 the Russian Empire finally abolished serfdom.