CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Worksheet

Read and download free pdf of CBSE Class 10 Science Sustainable Management of Natural Resources Worksheet. Students and teachers of Class 10 Science can get free printable Worksheets for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in PDF format prepared as per the latest syllabus and examination pattern in your schools. Class 10 students should practice questions and answers given here for Science in Class 10 which will help them to improve your knowledge of all important chapters and its topics. Students should also download free pdf of Class 10 Science Worksheets prepared by school teachers as per the latest NCERT, CBSE, KVS books and syllabus issued this academic year and solve important problems with solutions on daily basis to get more score in school exams and tests

Worksheet for Class 10 Science Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Class 10 Science students should refer to the following printable worksheet in Pdf for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources in Class 10. This test paper with questions and answers for Class 10 will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

Class 10 Science Worksheet for Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources

Question : Which one of the following gases is the major constituent of biogas?
(a) CO2
(b) H2
(c) CH4
(d) O2
Answer : C

Question : From the list given below pick the item that is not a natural resource-
(a) Soil
(b) Water
(c) Electricity
(d) Air
Answer :  C

Question : The pH range most conducive for life of fresh water plants and animals is
(a) 6.5 – 7.5
(b) 2.0 – 3.5
(c) 3.5 – 5.0
(d) 9.0 – 10.5
Answer : A

Question : Why it is important to make small check dams across the flooded gullies because they- 
(i) Hold water for irrigation.
(ii) Hold water and prevent soil erosion.
(iii) Recharge ground water.
(iv) Hold water permanently.
(a) (ii) and (iv)
(b) (iii) and (iv)
(c) (i) and (iv)
(d) (ii) and (iii)
Answer : D
Explanation: Check dam is the small temporary dam constructed across the flooded gullies. It plays a very important role in checking soil erosion and recharge of ground water. Further, it is possible to keep soil moisture due to infiltration.
So correct option is 2.
 
 
Question : Kuhls are a traditional irrigation system used in 
(a) Himachal Pardesh
(b) Haryana
(c) Orissa
(d) Madhya Pardesh
Answer : A
Explanation: Kuhls are water channels found in precipitous mountain areas.
These channels carry water from glaciers to villages in the Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh. Where the terrain is muddy, the kul is lined with rocks to keep it from becoming clogged. In the Jammu region too, similar irrigation systems called kuhls are found.
 

Very Short Answers

Question : What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term areas?
Answer :  Exploitation of resources with short-term aims means misuse of the resource and harm to the earth.

Question : What do you understand by the term inexhaustible natural resources? 
Answer :  Inexhaustible resources are not likely to be exhausted by man's consumption and other uses.
 
Question : Which of the following pollutants of air would affect the capacity of blood in human bodies to absorb O2 from lungs? 
NO2, SO4, CO and CO2
Answer :  CO i.e. carbon monoxide which has very high affinity towards haemoglobin in the blood affects the affinity of haemoglobin for oxygen and forms Carboxyhaemoglobin.

Question. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment friendly ?
Answer : We can make the following changes in our habits to become more environment friendly : (i) Switch off the lights, fans, TV, geyser and other electrical appliances when not needed. (ii) Stop using polythene bags and start using bags made of cloth or jute. (iii) Start going to nearby school on bicycle instead of asking parents to drop us on scooter or car. (iv) Stop using any products made of animal skin, fur or ivory. (v) Collect used articles made of paper, plastic, glass and metals, and send them for recycling.

Question. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims ?
Answer : If the resources are exploited to the hilt with short-term aims, then the present generation will benefit too much. For example, the exploitation of resources with short-term aims would provide more than sufficient food, water, and energy to all the people in the present generation.

Question. How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long-term perspective in managing our resources ?
Answer : Exploiting the natural resources with short-term aims would be too much beneficial for the present generation but no resources will be left for the needs of future generations. On the other hand, the management of natural resources on a long-term perspective will meet the basic needs of the present generation and also ensure that sufficient natural resources are left for the needs of future generations.

Question. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of natural resources ? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of resources ?
Answer : At present, the rich and powerful people are cornering a major share of the country’s natural resources (such as irrigation water from canals). There should be an equitable distribution of natural resources so that even poor people may benefit more by using them. Some vested interests with money and influence are working against the equitable distribution of natural resources.

Question. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife ?
Answer : (i) We should conserve forests because they provide raw materials for a number of industries like timber industry, paper industry, lac industry and sports equipment industry. Forests prevent floods and soil erosion. Forests help in bringing sufficient rainfall by maintaining a perfect water cycle in nature. Forests also provide natural habitat to wild animals and birds, and help in their conservation. Forests are essential for maintaining the ecological balance by preserving the biodiversity (large number of species of plants and animals). (ii) The wild animals and birds which live in a forest are called ‘wildlife’. We should conserve wildlife to maintain ecological balance in nature. For example, it is necessary to conserve wild animals like lions and tigers to maintain the forest ecosystem because they keep the population of herbivorous animals (like deer) under control and save the vegetation from overgrazing and its ill effects on environment. This is because overgrazing destroys the green plants and reduces the rainfall in that area. Due to less rainfall, the lush green forest environment can turn into a desert over a period of time. Wildlife should also be conserved to prevent the extinction of rare varieties of animals and birds from this earth.

Short Answers

Question : It is imperative that we must conserve our forests, why? List any two causes for deforestation to take place. 
Answer :  Forests are renewable natural resources, which are essential for maintaining ecological balance of our ecosystems.
They maintain biological diversity, preserve foods and safeguard future of tribals, besides providing valuable products for human welfare and raw materials for industries.

The causes for deforestation are:

i. Overgrazing by a large live stock animal population.

ii. Indiscriminate falling of trees for the purpose of timber, fuel and industrial demand for wood.

iii. The forest wood is used for construction purposes like making doors, windows and furniture.

iv. The forest wood is used as a fuel.

Question : Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.
Answer :  The traditional systems of water harvesting management:
• Bandharas and talc in Maharashtra
• Bundhis in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
• Kulhs in Himachal Pradesh
• Khadins, tanks and nadir in Rajasthan.
• Ahars and pynes in Bihar. 

Question : What would be the advantages of exploring resources with short term aims. 
Answer :  1) Concept of sustainable development encourages forms of growth.
2) Economic development is linked to environmental conservation.

3) People will be in extreme luxury.

4) People will not use things again and throw them away.

Question. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.
Answer : Some of the measures which can be taken for the conservation of forests are as follows : (i) The indiscriminate and unauthorised felling (cutting) of forest trees for timber trade and firewood should be curbed immediately. (ii) In case of Government authorised felling of forest trees, for every acre of forest cut down, an equal area of land should be planted with saplings of trees to make up for the loss in the long run. (iii) Overgrazing of forest vegetation by the cattle of local people should be prevented. (iv) Measures should be taken to prevent and control forest fires. (v) The local people of villages in and around the forest should be involved in the conservation of forests by giving employment in silviculture and harvesting operations of the forest.

Question. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.
Answer : The traditional systems of water harvesting in our region are ponds and lakes where rainwater is stored.

Question. Compare the above systems with the probable systems in hilly/mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.
Answer : Dams are built over rivers in hilly/mountainous areas. They are more advantageous because they store running river water which can be used to generate electricity. Moreover, since the water stored in dam keeps flowing to turn the turbines, it does not act as a breeding ground for mosquitoes (which spread malaria). The stagnant water in ponds and lakes, however, becomes a breeding ground for mosquitoes.

Question. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area ?
Answer : In our region, the source of water is a river flowing through the city and some tube-wells dug at various places in the area. The river water and tube-well water is supplied to the homes through taps after suitable treatment. Though water from these sources is available to all the people living in this area but it is not available in sufficient quantity everywhere. There is usually some shortage of water which becomes very severe during hot summer season. Some villages on the outskirts of the city also obtain their water supply directly from the wells.

Question. What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment friendly ?
Answer : (i) Use energy efficient compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) instead of traditional filament-type electric bulbs. (ii) Install solar cell panels to generate as much electricity as possible. (iii) Use solar cooker to cook food whenever possible. (iv) Use solar water heater for getting hot water instead of electric geyser. (v) Reuse the empty plastic and glass containers for storage purposes in the kitchen, and send the useless papers, plastic, glass and metal objects for recycling.

Question. Can you suggest some changes in your school which would make it environment friendly ?
Answer : (i) School buses should be run on CNG instead of diesel. (ii) Rainwater harvesting should be done to recharge ground water. (iii) Trees should be planted along the school boundary. (iv) The fallen leaves of trees should be collected and made into compost. This compost can be used in school garden. (v) Install solar cell panels to produce electricity.

Question. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce ? Why do you think so ?
Answer : The four main stakeholders in the management of forests and wildlife are : (i) The local people who live in and around the forest, (ii) The Forest department of the Government, (iii) The industrialists who use various forest products for their factories, and (iv) The forest and wildlife activists who want to save forests. The local people who live in and around the forest area should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce. This is because the local people are well versed in the practices to use the forest produce in a sustainable manner as they have been using the forest and wildlife resources since the ancient times without causing any damage to the environment.

Question. How can you as an individual contribute or make a difference to the management of (a) forests and wildlife (b) water resources, and (c) coal and petroleum ?
Answer : (a) Cutting of trees will not be allowed. The products made from animal skin, fur or ivory will not be used. (b) Running tap water will not be used for brushing the teeth or taking bath. Water will be taken in a mug and bucket for these purposes to prevent its wastage. Leaking taps will be repaired immediately. (c) Switch off unnecessary lights and fans, etc., and use bicycle to cover short distances instead of a scooter or car.

Question. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources ?
Answer : (i) Use energy efficient CFLs instead of filament-type electric bulbs to save electricity (and reduce the consumption of coal). (ii) Switch off unnecessary lights and fans, and use stairs instead of using lift to save electricity. (iii) Use solar cooker to cook food whenever possible and solar heater to obtain hot water (so as to reduce the consumption of coal, kerosene or LPG). (iv) Use bicycle to cover short distances instead of scooter or car to reduce the consumption of petrol. (v) Prevent wastage of water by getting the leaking taps repaired.

Question. List five things you have done over the last one week to : (a) conserve our natural resources. (b) increase the pressure on our natural resources.
Answer : (a) The five things done by me over the last one week to conserve our natural resources were : (i) Replaced all the filament-type bulbs in my house by CFLs. (ii) Bought a pressure cooker to cook the food to save fuel. (iii) Cooked rice and pulses (dal) for lunch by using a solar cooker. (iv) Installed a solar water heater to obtain hot water. (v) Went to school by bicycle when I missed the school bus. (b) The five things done by me over the last one week which increased the pressure on our natural resources were : (i) Forgot to switch off light in my room once before going to sleep. (ii) Did not close the tap while brushing the teeth one day. (iii) Asked my father to drop me to school on his car one day when I missed the school bus. (iv) Wasted two big paper sheets while performing a science experiment in the laboratory. (v) Threw away a used plastic container which could have been reused to store salt or sugar in the kitchen.

Question. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life-style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources ?
Answer : (i) Walking on foot or riding a bicycle to go to nearby market or other nearby places. (ii) Using stairs in a building up to at least three floors instead of using a lift. (iii) Put on an extra sweater on a cold day rather than use a room heater. (iv) Stop using any products made of animal skin, fur or ivory. (v) Switch off the lights, fans, TV, geyser and other electrical appliances when not needed. (vi) Use compact fluorescent lamps (CFLs) instead of filament-type bulbs. (vii) Use solar cooker and solar water heater. (viii) Stop using polythene bags and start using bags made of cloth or jute. (ix) Recycle products made of paper, plastics, glass and metals.

Long Answers 

Question : List five things you have done over the last one week to 
1. conserve our natural resources
2. increase the pressure on our natural resources.
Answer :   Conserve our natural resources :
i. Saved electricity by switching off electricity of unnecessary light and fans.

ii. Used disposable paper cups and plates during my journey in the train.

iii. Reused the envelopes by turning inside out.

iv. Planted five plants in my school.

v. Educated the people in my locality regarding conservation of natural resources for sustainable development.

Pressure on natural resources :

i. Wasted food.

ii. Used scooter to consume petrol.

iii. Added to air pollution and sound pollution.

iv. Used plastic bags.

v. Used DDT at my home. 

Question : Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?
Answer :  Conservation of forest is important as forest is useful to us in many ways:

(i) Provides raw material for timber industry.
(ii) Prevents soil erosion and flood.
(iii) Provides medicines, herbs, gum, resin.
(iv) Provides habitat to many animals.
(v) Maintain water-cycle by bringing rain fall.

Wildlife conservation is important because:
(i) It maintains ecological balance in nature.
(ii) It also maintains the forests by facilitating growth of plants in different places by dispersing seeds.
(iii) By grazing grass, it also maintains the soil fertility.
(iv) It also helps in cleaning of forest.

Question : Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.
Answer :  The traditional systems of water harvesting management:

• Bandharas and talc in Maharashtra
• Bundhis in Madhya Pradesh and Uttar Pradesh
• Kulhs in Himachal Pradesh
• Khadins, tanks and nadir in Rajasthan.
• Ahars and pynes in Bihar.

 

TOPIC-OZONE

Read the following section of an article about the ozone layer.
The atmosphere is an ocean of air and a precious natural resource for sustaining life on the Earth. Unfortunately, human activities based on national/personal interests are causing harm to this common resource, notably by depleting the fragile ozone layer, which acts as a protective shield for life on the Earth. Ozone molecules consist of three oxygen atoms, as opposed to oxygen molecules which consist of two oxygen atoms. Ozone molecules are exceedingly rare: fewer than ten in every million molecules of air. However, for nearly a billion years, their presence in the atmosphere has played a vital role in safeguarding life on Earth. Depending on where it is located, ozone can either protect or harm life on Earth. The ozone in the troposphere (up to 10 kilometers above the Earth’s surface) is “bad” ozone which can damage lung tissues and plants. But about 90 percent of ozone found in the stratosphere (between 10 and 40 kilometers above the Earth’s surface) is “good” ozone which plays a beneficial role by absorbing dangerous ultraviolet (UV-B) radiation from the Sun.
Without this beneficial ozone layer, humans would be more susceptible to certain diseases due to the increased incidence of ultra-violet rays from the Sun. In the last decades the amount of ozone has decreased. In 1974 it was hypothesized that chlorofluorocarbons (CFCs) could be a cause for this. Until 1987, scientific assessment of the cause-effect relationship was not convincing enough to implicate CFCs. However, in September 1987, diplomats from around the world met in Montreal (Canada) and agreed to set sharp limits to the use of CFCs.

 

Question : Ozone is also formed during thunderstorms. It causes the typical smell after such a storm. the author of the text distinguishes between “bad ozone” and “good ozone”.
In terms of the article, is the ozone that is formed during thunderstorms “bad ozone” or “good ozone”?
Choose the answer and the explanation that is supported by the text

Management Of Natural Resources_1

Answer :  Full credit: B. Bad. It is formed in the troposphere.

 

Question : “Without this beneficial ozone layer, humans would be more susceptible to certain diseases due to the increased incidence of ultra-violet rays from the Sun.”
Name one of these specific diseases.

Answer :  Full credit: Answers which refer to skin cancer.

 

Value Based Questions

QUESTION. Suman purchased a number of earthen flower pots (gamle) and planted beautiful plants in them by adding proper fertiliser to the soil. She started watering these plants everyday by putting lots of water in the earthen flower pots. After about one month, Suman noticed that though most of the potted plants were growing well and appeared to be healthy, but one of the plants was on the verge of dying (though it was being watered daily alongwith other potted plants). Suman told about this problem to her friend Geeta. Geeta examined the earthen flower pot of this dying plant carefully including its bottom and immediately understood what the problem was. She advised Suman to change the earthen pot of this plant. Suman then shifted this plant to another earthen pot and watered it. The same plant now started growing normally and became a healthy plant after some time.
(a) What defect do you think could have been observed by Geeta at the bottom of earthen pot of this plant ?
(b) How was this defect affecting the growth of plant and making it almost die ?
(c) Which life process could not be performed efficiently by the roots of this plant under these conditions ?
(d) What special term is used for the condition which existed in this particular earthen flower pot ?
(e) Why did Suman use another earthen pot for this plant ?
(f) What values are displayed by Geeta in this incident ?
Answer : (a) Geeta could have observed that there was no hole at the bottom of this earthen flower pot (gamla) for the excess water to be drained out.
(b) Since there was no hole at the bottom of this earthen pot, too much water collected in it. This too much water expelled all the air from in-between the soil particles in the earthen flower pot. Due to this, oxygen was not available to the roots of this plant for aerobic respiration. Under these conditions, the roots respire anaerobically, producing alcohol. And this was killing the plant gradually.
(c) Aerobic respiration.
(d) Waterlogging.
(e) Suman used another earthen pot for this plant which had a hole at its bottom (to drain off the excess water).
(f) The values displayed by Geeta in this incident are (i) Awareness (or knowledge) that plant roots require air for respiration (ii) Curiosity to get at the bottom of the problem, and (iii) Helping nature.

QUESTION. Abhinav was participating in a marathon (long distance race). He was running at position two right from the beginning. Just when he was nearing the finishing line, he started running even faster so as to stand first. And when he was about to win the marathon, he got a severe muscle cramp in his leg. This cramp prevented Abhinav from running any further and shattered his dream of winning the marathon.
(a) Which process provides most of the energy to Abhinav for running the marathon ?
(b) Which process provides a little extra energy to Abhinav for running very, very fast towards the end of race ?
(c) Which substance gets accumulated in the leg muscles of Abhinav that causes muscle cramp ?
(d) Why does this substance get accumulated in the leg muscles of Abhinav ?
(e) What advice will you give to Abhinav so as to get relief from this cramp ? How will it help ?
Answer : (a) Most of the energy in the leg muscles of Abhinav for running the marathon is provided by aerobic respiration (which breaks down food like glucose with oxygen to produce large amount of energy).
(b) The little extra energy in the leg muscles for running very, very fast is provided by the process of anaerobic respiration (which breaks down food like glucose without oxygen to produce small amount of energy).
(c) Lactic acid.
(d) The lactic acid gets accumulated in the leg muscles of Abhinav because during very fast running, oxygen gets used faster in the muscles than can be supplied by the blood. So, anaerobic respiration (without oxygen) takes place in muscle cells causing partial oxidation of glucose food to form lactic acid (and releasing some energy). This lactic acid gets accumulated in leg muscles.
(e) Abhinav should take a hot water bath or a massage. Hot water bath and massage improve the circulation of blood. Due to improved blood flow, the supply of oxygen to the leg muscles increases. This oxygen breaks down lactic acid accumulated in leg muscles and gives relief from cramp.

QUESTION. One day Mohan had a severe toothache. His father took Mohan to a dentist. The dentist examined all the teeth of Mohan very carefully and said that he had tiny holes in his two teeth. He also told Mohan that all his teeth were covered with a sticky, yellowish layer. The dentist performed a certain procedure on his two teeth having tiny holes and also gave him some medicines. Mohan’s toothache disappeared gradually.
(a) What are the tiny holes in the teeth known as ?
(b) How are the tiny holes formed in the teeth ?
(c) What kind of procedure was performed by dentist on Mohan’s two teeth ?
(d) What is the sticky, yellowish layer on Mohan’s teeth known as ?
(e) How is the sticky, yellowish layer formed on the teeth ?
(f) What advice will you give to Mohan to avoid such dental problems in future ?
Answer : (a) The tiny holes formed in the teeth are known as ‘cavities’ or ‘dental caries’.
(b) When a person eats sugary food (sugar-containing food), then the bacteria present in mouth act on sugar present in food to produce acids. These acids first dissolve the calcium salts from tooth enamel and then from dentine forming tiny holes (or cavities) in the tooth over a period of time. 
(c) Mohan’s dental cavities (or holes) were first cleaned by the dentist and then ‘filled’ with appropriate filling material.
(d) The sticky, yellowish layer on the teeth is known as ‘dental plaque’.
(e) If the teeth are not cleaned regularly, they become covered with a stickly, yellowish layer of food particles and bacteria cells called ‘dental plaque’.
(f) (i) Mohan should eat less of sugary food such as toffees, chocolates and sweets, etc. He should also avoid drinking too much of sweetened drinks such as Coca-Cola, Pepsi, etc.
(ii) Mohan should brush his teeth regularly with a toothpaste (after eating food). This will remove the dental plaque before bacteria produce acids.
(iii) Mohan should get his teeth examined by a dentist at least once in three months.

QUESTION. Abhishek’s house is very near to a main road crossing having traffic signals. It was a Diwali night and there was a big traffic jam on the main road just outside his house. All the neighbours of Abhishek and other colony residents were also bursting crackers and enjoying many other types of fireworks. Abhishek’s 70 year old grandmother, who was watching the fireworks, was taken ill suddenly. She complained of difficulty in breathing and also felt nausea and headache. Abhishek’s grandmother was rushed to a nearby hospital where the doctors made her inhale some medicine and then put her on oxygen for some time. Abhishek’s grandmother recovered fairly quickly. The doctor advised his grandmother to remain inside the house for that night with all the doors and windows closed. The doctor also asked her to buy a small, portable oxygen gas cylinder and use it to breathe at home if she felt suffocated again.
(a) What made Abhishek’s grandmother suddenly ill ?
(b) Which system/body part of grandmother got affected ? Why was only Abhishek’s grandmother affected ?
(c) Give two reasons for this condition of Abhishek’s grandmother.
(d) What deficiency was caused in the body of Abhishek’s grandmother ?
(e) Why was grandmother advised to remain inside the house all the time with doors and windows
closed ?
(f) What advice would you give to others to avoid such a situation ?
Answer : (a) Abhishek’s grandmother became ill because she had inhaled air polluted with toxic gases emitted by vehicles on the nearby road and Diwali fireworks.
(b) Respiratory system (including lungs) got affected. Only Abhishek’s grandmother was affected because her lungs had become very weak due to old age.
(c) (i) Air pollution caused by the exhaust gases of vehicles on the road just outside the house.
(ii) Air pollution caused by Diwali fireworks.
(d) The deficiency of oxygen was caused in the body of grandmother.
(e) Abhishek’s grandmother was advised to remain inside the house to avoid breathing too much polluted air outside.
(f) (i) Avoid fireworks on Diwali day to prevent too much air pollution.
(ii) Use less polluting fuels (such as CNG) in motor vehicles.
(iii) Use public transport (such as buses, metro, etc.) to travel within the city instead of individual vehicles.
(iv) If possible, take a house away from main road and traffic signals.

QUESTION. Shyam had just recovered from dengue fever for which he was confined to bed for many days. He was really fed up and wanted to go out with his friend Ram. So, Ram and Shyam went out into city forest for a walk. While walking in the city forest, Shyam fell down and got a cut on his leg from barbed wire lying nearby. The leg started bleeding. Shyam thought that the bleeding from cut would stop automatically after some time. But this did not happen. The bleeding from cut went on continuously. After some time, Shyam also started having breathing difficulty and he now wanted to go back home. Ram held Shyam firmly by the arm to give support and both came out of the city forest. Ram then hailed a taxi and took Shyam straight to the hospital. He told everything to doctors. After performing some tests quickly, doctors gave blood transfusion to Shyam. His parents were also informed.
(a) Which component was deficient in the blood of Shyam which led to too much bleeding from the cut ?
(b) Could the deficiency of this component of blood have been caused by dengue ?
(c) What is the function of this component in our body ?
(d) What could be the probable reason for the breathing difficulty of Shyam ? Explain.
(e) What is the cause of dengue disease : virus, bacteria or protozoa ? Name the carrier which spreads dengue.
(f) What values are displayed by Ram in this episode ?
Answer : (a) Shyam’s blood was deficient in platelets.
(b) Yes, dengue reduces the blood platelet count of a person drastically.
(c) Platelets help in the coagulation of blood (or clotting of blood) in a cut. It is due to the presence of platelets that the blood coming out of a cut becomes semi-solid and plugs the cut (or seals the cut) due to which bleeding stops.
(d) The deficiency of haemoglobin could be the probable cause of Shyam’s breathing difficulty. This can be explained as follows : Haemoglobin present in blood carries oxygen and hence is essential for breathing.
When a lot of blood was lost by Shyam through the cut, then the amount of blood and hence that of haemoglobin in the body became less. This less amount of haemoglobin carried less oxygen into the lungs and caused breathing difficulty.
(e) The cause of dengue disease is a virus (called dengue virus). It is spread by Aedes mosquitoes.
(f) The values displayed by Ram in this episode are (i) Awareness or knowledge (that too much blood loss from the body could endanger the life of Shyam) (ii) Concern to save life of his friend (by taking him straight to hospital), and (iii) Correct decision-making skill (of not wasting precious time in going back home first).

 

Objective Questions

Question : The most rapidly dwindling natural resource in the world is-
(a) water
(b) forests
(c) wind
(d) sunlight
Answer : B

Question : Which one of the following is a renewable resource?
(a) Natural gas
(b) petroleum
(c) ground water
(d) coal
Answer :  A
 

Question : What does yellow flame indicate?
(a) High caloric value of fuel
(b) Low caloric value of fuel
(c) Low temperature
(d) None of these
Answer :  B

Question : What is the full form of LPG.
(a) Liquid petroleum gas
(b) Liquified petroleum gas
(c) Low petroleum gas
(d) None of these
Answer :  A

Question : Name the process through which oxygen was added to the atmosphere? 
(a) Excretion
(b) Respiration
(c) Photosynthesis
(d) Decomposition
Answer :  C
Explanation: Early organisms are known as cyanobacteria, or blue-green algae. These microbes conduct photosynthesis: using sunshine, water and carbon dioxide to produce carbohydrates and, yes, oxygen.
In fact, all the plants on Earth incorporate symbiotic cyanobacteria (known as chloroplasts) to do their photosynthesis of early days where no oxygen is present to this day.

 
Question : Which one of the following is an inexhaustible natural resource? 
(a) minerals
(b) forests
(c) coal
(d) water
Answer :  D
Explanation: Yes, water is an inexhaustible resource because it is replaced from the oceans through the water cycle
 
 
Question : Maximum use of fresh water is in 
(a) Domestic use
(b) Industry
(c) Agriculture
(d) Apiculture
Answer :  C
Explanation: In India the largest consumer of water is Agriculture amounting to more than 80% of the total water consumption. The Industrial water consumption is about 10–15% of the total.
 
 

Very Short Answer Type Questions

Question : What does calorific value of a fuel mean?
Answer :  It is the quantity of heat produced by the burning of fuel.

Question : Why is the saving of fuel necessary?
Answer :  To conserve fuel and save environment from pollution.

Question : What is the composition of LPG?
Answer :  Propane, butane and various mixture of other gases

Question :  Name a bacteria found in human intestine?
Answer :
coliform bacteria is found in human intestine.

Question :  Which is the easiest method to detect water pollution?
Answer :
pH detection using the universal indicator.

Question,. A person lives near a forest.Enlist 4 items which he can get from forests to meet his daily needs.
Answer :
food, fodder,fuel and medicinal plants.

Question :  Why are forest called “biodiversity hot spot”?
Answer :
forest are rich in most of the species of flora and fauna.All species of plants like bryophyte,pteridophyta,ferns,gymnosperms,angiosperms and animal species from amoeba to man are found. 

Question :  Name 4 substances that can be recycled.
Answer :
glass,plastics,metals and paper.

Question :  What do you mean by the trm sustainable development?
Answer :  
Sustainable development means to meet the needs of present generation ,without foreclosing the options of future generation,to keep balance between development and environment. 

Question :  How does mining lead to pollution?
Answer :
mining causes pollution because the large amount of slag is discarded for every tonne of metal extracted in the earth.

Question :  ”Coal and petroleum are converted forms of solar energy”.is this statement correct?
Answer :
this is statement is correct because millions of years ago the raw material from which coal and petroleum are derived were daed and decayed plants , which when were living photosynthesized by solar energy.

Question :  Hydroelectric power is also an indirect form of solar energy.how?
Answer :
hydroelectric power is indirect form of energy, because the water which is stored in dams is rain water and rainfall occurs due to evaporation of water from water bodies due to heat of the sun.

Short Answer Type Questions

Question : Name any two forest products, each of which is the basis for some industry. 
Answer :   i. Pine wood for matchbox industry.
ii. Bamboo for paper industry. 

Question : What is water harvesting? How can this technique help in conservation of water? 
Answer :  It involves storing rainwater in the large structures, which can hold this water round the year. It hold the surfacewater, and also recharge the groundwater beneath. This technique is used in India from ancient times.
 
Question : In what ways poor tribals are affected by dam development projects? 
Answer :  Dams are constructed to utilise the water sources efficiently and regulate the flow of water. Due to the construction of dams the tribals are displaced from their places they are left homeless and without livelihood. Large land submerge under water. Thus, making survival difficult for them. 
 
Question : What is meant by watershed management ? What are its advantages? 
Answer :  Watershed management emphasizes scientific soil and water conservation in order to increase the biomass production. The advantages of watershed management are as follows:
To produce secondary resources of plants and animals for use in a manner which will not cause ecological imbalance.
• To develop primary resources of land and water.
• Watershed management not only increases the production and income of the watershed community but also mitigates droughts and floods and increases the life of the downstream dam and reservoirs. 
 
Question : On the environment day, i.e. 5th June, every year, your school organises various activities related to Earth, ecosystem and environment, etc., like best out of waste, paper machetes and several others. What purpose do you think is served by this measure? 
Answer :  5th June is celebrated as the World Environment Day all over the world which is run by UNEP (United Nations Environment Programme). It is celebrated to raise global awareness for taking initiatives to protect nature and the planet Earth. Various activities, projects, seminar, etc., take place at national and international levels to bring awareness amongst people. Various activities are planned and organized at the school level, to draw the interest of students and parents. Environment theme topics are incorporated in activities like arts and drawing on save Earth, save tigers, go green, save electricity, global warming, etc.
Slogan writing - Students have to write attractive slogans on various environment-related topics.
Best out of waste - Using their parent's help, using paper, straws, cans, bottles, etc., students create different designs by using waste products Theatre - Enacting of some serious environmental issues through plays.
Debates/Discussion - Children debate on various issues of environment The purpose to conduct all these activities is to create awareness among the students and parents about our environment and how can we protect and conserve it.

Question :  What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims?
Answer :
Exploitation of resources with short-term aims means misuse of the resource and harm to the earth.

Question : Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be working against an equitable distribution of our resources?
Answer :
Equitable distribution of resources will help the resources reach every individual in cheaper and easier way.
The people who need to obtain only money out of these resources would work against it.

Question : Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.
Answer :
For conservation of forests:
(i) It should be checked that illegal cutting of trees is banned and made a punishable act.
(ii) Stakeholders should take care of the maintenance of the forest.
(iii) Forest fires should be checked and controlled.
(iv) Nearby villages or people should be trained and educated to manage forests.

Question : Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/mountainous areas or plains or plateau regions.
Answer :
Water harvesting system in hilly and mountainous areas is different from plains and from plateau region.
For e.g., in hilly areas like Himachal Pradesh a local system of irrigation was developed called kulhs. The water flowing in the streams was diverted into man-made channels
which took this water to numerous villages down the hillside.
Whereas water in plains is collected in check dams or tanks, tals or bundhis.


Question : What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment-friendly?
Answer :
The following changes can be made to be environment friendly:
(i) Check the wastage of water, close the taps properly, recycle the water of washing machine into toilets.
(ii) Stop the use of bulbs and switch over to CFL lights.
(iii) Use solar water heater and cookers, install solar cell panel for electricity.
(iv) Reduce the garbage by not throwing such items which can be reused and recycled.

Question : We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forest produce? Why do you think so?
Answer :
The local people staying near the forest should be given the authority to decide the management of forest produce. They can keep a check on and control the misuse of the forest and its goods. They are the ones who do not exploit the forest and they
know how to manage so it stays there for their future generations to come.


Question : What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?
Answer : By following 3 R’s
(a) Reduce: Reduce or minimise the use of resources, by saving electricity by switching off unnecessary lights and fans etc. and by walking whenever possible.
(b) Recycle: Collect and recycle the products like plastic, paper, glass and metal.
(c) Reuse: It is better than recycle. Instead of throwing used envelopes. We can reverse it and use it again. The plastic and glass containers, bottles can be reused.

Question : On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your life style in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?
Answer :
To save various resources. I would follow 3R’s reduce, reuse and recycle. Minimize the use of coal and petroleum switch over to CNG and use electrical equipments at the minimum.
Do not waste paper and water. I will not buy goods made by killing animals like fur, leather, tusk, etc.

Question : Name the constituents of petroleum.
Answer :  1. Petrol
2. Kerosene
3. Diesel
4. Paraffin wax,
5. lubricating oil
6. Bitumen

Question : What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?
Answer :  By following 3 R’s
(a) Reduce: Reduce or minimise the use of resources, by saving electricity by switching off unnecessary lights. and fans etc. and by walking, whenever possible.
(b) Recycle: Collect and recycle the products like plastic, paper, glass and metal.
(c) Reuse: It is better than recycle. Instead of throwing used envelopes. We can reverse it


Question : What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment friendly?
Answer :  (i) Do not throw garbage on the road side.
(ii) Switch off lights, fans, TV when not required.
(iii) Use less water for bathing, washing jobs.
(iv) Use jute bags instead of polyethene.
(v) Walk or cycle to cover short distances.

 

Case Study Based Questions

TOPIC- ACID RAIN

Below is a photo of statues called Caryatids that were built on the Acropolis in Athens more than 2500 years ago. The statues are made of a type of rock called marble. Marble is composed of calcium carbonate.
In 1980, the original statues were transferred inside the museum of the Acropolis and were replaced by replicas. The original statues were being eaten away by acid rain.

Management Of Natural Resources_2

Question : Normal rain is slightly acidic because it has absorbed some carbon dioxide from the air.
Acid rain is more acidic than normal rain because it has absorbed gases like sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides as well.
Where do these sulphur oxides and nitrogen oxides in the air come from?
Answer :  Responses that mention any one of: car exhausts, factory emissions, burning fossil fuels such as oil and coal, gases from volcanoes or other similar things.
Burning coal and gas. Oxides in the air come from pollution from factories and industries.
Volcanoes. Fumes from power plants.
They come from the burning of materials that contain sulfur and nitrogen.
– Responses that include an incorrect as well as a correct source of the pollution.
Fossil fuel and nuclear power plants. [Nuclear power plants are not a source of acid rain.]
The oxides come from the ozone, atmosphere and meteors coming toward Earth.
Also, the burning of fossil fuels.
– Responses that refer to “pollution” but do not give a source of pollution that is a significant cause of acid rain.
Pollution.
The environment in general, the atmosphere we live in – e.g., pollution.
Gasification, pollution, fires, cigarettes.
Pollution such as from nuclear power plants.

Question : The effect of acid rain on marble can be modelled by placing chips of marble in vinegar overnight. Vinegar and acid rain have about the same acidity level. When a marble chip is placed in vinegar, bubbles of gas form. The mass of the dry marble chip can be found before and after the experiment.
A marble chip has a mass of 2.0 grams before being immersed in vinegar overnight. The chip is removed and dried the next day. What will the mass of the dried marble chip be?
A. Less than 2.0 grams
B. Exactly 2.0 grams
C. Between 2.0 and 2.4 grams
D. More than 2.4 grams
Answer :  Full credit: A. Less than 2.0 grams

Question. Which is preserved in National Park?
(a) Flora
(b) Fauna
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these

Answer : C

Question. Opposition to the construction of large dams is due to
(a) social reasons
(b) economic reasons
(c) environmental reasons
(d) All of the above

Answer : D

Question. Which one of the following is not a fossil fuel?
(a) uranium
(b) coal
(c) natural gas
(d) petroleum

Answer : A 

Question. Nitrogen fixation is:
(a) Nitrogen $ Ammonia
(b) Nitrogen $ Nitrates
(c) Nitrogen $ Amino acid
(d) Both (a) and (b)

Answer : D

Question. Decrease in species diversity in tropical countries is mainly due to:
(a) Urbanisation
(b) Pollution
(c) Deforestation
(d) Soil erosion

Answer : C

Question. Wildlife conservation means the protection and preservation of
(a) Ferocious wild animals only
(b) Wild plants only
(c) Non-cultivated plants and non-domesticated animals
(d) All the above living in natural habitat

Answer : D

Question. A renewable source of energy is:
(a) Petroleum
(b) Coal
(c) Nuclear fuel
(d) Trees

Answer : D

Question. New approach of conversation is the establishment of:
(a) Sancturies
(b) Reserve forests
(c) National parks
(d) Biosphere reserves

Answer : D

Question. If the Bengal tiger becomes extinct:
(a) Hyenas and volves will become scarce
(b) The wild area will be safe for man and domestic animals
(c) Its gene pool will be lost for ever
(d) The population of beautiful animals like deers will be stabilized

Answer : C

Question. Which of the following movements means ‘Hug the trees movement’?
(a) Narmada Bachao Andolan
(b) Chipko Andolan
(c) Tehri Andolan
(d) Biodiversity movement

Answer : B

Question. ‘Narmada Bacho Andolan’ has been organised under the leadership of
(a) Ravi Shankar Maharaj
(b) Medha Patekar
(c) Amrita Devi Bishnoi
(d) Baba Ramdev

Answer : B

Question : Find the correct statement 
a. ‘Sigri’ is a mechanical device
b. All of these
c. water stored in the ground does not evaporate
d. Grazing of domestic animals in national parks are not prohibitable
 
Answer :  C
Explanation: As the ground water is stored under thick layers of soil it does not evaporate.
 
Question : Which of the following is water harvesting structures in Kerala
a. surangams
b. nadis
c. bundhis
d. Kattas
 
Answer : A
Explanation: Surangams is a water harvesting structure in the northern Malabar region of Kerala. This is an area whose people cannot depend directly on surface water. The terrain is such that there is high discharge in rivers in the monsoon and low discharge in the dry months. People here depend, therefore on groundwater, and on a special water harvesting structure called surangam.
 
Question : Select the incorrect statement from the following options:
a. forests do not conserve soil
b. forests have greater plant diversity
c. forest conserve water
d. forests provides variety of products
 
Answer : A 
Explanation: Forests conserve soil in many ways. For example trees prevent soil erosion by reducing wind, decreasing overland flow and increasing infiltration
 
Question : Match the following with correct response. 
Im-5
a. 1-C, 2-B, 3-D, 4-A
b. 1-D, 2-A, 3-C, 4-B
c. 1-B, 2-D, 3-A, 4-C
d. 1-A, 2-C, 3-B, 4-D
 
Answer :  B
Explanation:
The Tehri Dam is the Highest dam in India and one of the highest in the world. It is a multi-purpose rock and earth-fill embankment dam on the Bhagirathi River near Tehri in Uttarakhand, India.
The Sardar Sarovar Dam is a gravity dam on the Narmada river near Navagam, Gujarat in India. Four Indian states, Gujarat, Madhya Pradesh, Maharastra and Rajasthan, receive water and electricity supplied from the dam.
Coliforms are a broad class of bacteria found in our environment, including the feces of man and other warm-blooded animals. The presence of coliform bacteria in drinking water may indicate a possible presence of harmful, disease-causing organisms. 
 
Question : Kuhls, a local system of canal irrigation was evolved in
a. Himachal Pradesh
b. West Bengal
c. Assam
d. Uttar pradesh
 
Answer :  A
Explanation: Kulhs are water channels found in precipitous mountain areas.
These channels carry water from glaciers to villages in the Spiti valley of Himachal Pradesh 
 
Question : Which of the following is the source of air pollution?
a. Pollen grains floating in air
b. All of these
c. burning of fossil fuels
d. Ash from volcanoes
 
Answer : B
Explanation: 'All of these '
option1 is correct because
option 2.Pollen is found naturally in the air, human activities and choices can increase the amount of pollen in our air, and in turn, can cause people to have more severe allergic reactions.
Option 3.Volcanic eruptions release large quantities of greenhouse gases and other aerosols into the atmosphere which causes pollution
Option 4. The burning of fossil fuels to produce energy also releases significant amounts of carbon dioxide and other greenhouse gases into the environment
 

Fill In The Blank

DIRECTION : Complete the following statements with an appropriate word/term to be filled in the blank space(s).

Question. .......... sacrified her life along with 363 others for protection of ‘Khejri’ trees.
Answer : Amrita Devi Bishnoi

Question. In Rajasthan, conservation of forest and wildlife has been a religious act for .......... community.
Answer : Bishnoi

Question. We can reduce pressure on the environment by sincerely applying the maxim of .......... in our lives.
Answer : Reduce, Reuse and Recycle’

Question. The five R’s to save environment are ..........,.........., and ..........
Answer :
Reduce, Reuse, Repurpose, Recycle, Renew

Question. Planting of trees in rows along with crop is called .......... .
Answer : Agroforestry

Question. Planting of trees by road side and in available space of colonies by people is known as .......... .
Answer : social forestry

Question. Forests, pastures, wildlife and aquatic life constitute .......... .
Answer : renewable resources

Question. Solar energy is a .......... resource.
Answer : renewable

Question. An Arabari forest range of Midnapore (West Bengal),
a forest officer .......... rejuventated badly damaged sal forest.

Answer : A. K. Banerjee

Question. Water and forest are the two kinds of .......... resources.
Answer : Natural

Question. Natural resources can be of two types .......... and .......... .
Answer : renewable, non-renewable

Question. The aim of the Ganga Action Plan is to install .......... for 27 cities at the bank of the river.
Answer : sewage treatment plants

Question. Scraps and old used metals can be remelted and .......... for useful purposes.
Answer : recycled

Question. Forests are .......... hot spots.
Answer : biodiversity

Question. Glaciers are a source of ..........
Answer : water

Question. The various kinds of species of organisms and their range found in a particular area is called .......... .
Answer : biodiversity

Question. Forests, mangroves and wildlife are our .......... source.
Answer : renewable

 

True/False

DIRECTION : Read the following statements and write your answer as true of false.

Question. Use of sewage, domestic waste, farm yard manure, etc. will decrease the fertility of the degraded lands.
Answer : False

Question. Dams prevent water logging.
Answer : True

Question. Combustion of fossil fuels pollutes our environment.
Answer : True

Question. Electricity is a natural resource.
Answer : True

Question. Coal and petroleum are non-renewable inexhaustible resource.
Answer : False

Question. Coliform bacteria cause many diseases.
Answer : True

Question. Alternatives to large dams does not exist.
Answer : False

Question. Ozone layer is being depleted by excess carbon dioxide.
Answer : False

Question. The wildlife resources are renewable resources.
Answer : True

Question. An environmentally friendly decision is reuse jam and pickle bottles.
Answer : True

 

Very Short Answers

Question : Large waterbodies, i.e. oceans are present on the Earth yet there is scarcity of water. Explain.
Answer : Earth has almost 71% of its land covered with water but its all in form of oceans. Oceans are the largest bodies of water, but the water present in them is salty and thus, cannot be used without processing. Less than 1% of the water on earth is fresh water and that too
not evenly distributed. 
 
Question. Why should we conserve forests and wildlife?
Answer : We should conserve forests and wildlife because:
1. they maintain ecological balance,
2. they provide biological diversity, and
3. they provide a number of valuable products like firewood, fruits, honey, ivory, medicines, dyes, resins, etc.
 
Question : Why did Amrita Devi Bishnoi sacrificed her life?
Answer :  In 1731, Amrita Devi Bishnoi along with 363 other people sacrificed their life for the protection of Khejri trees in Khejrali village near Jodhpur in Rajasthan which was intended to be cut down by a minister of raja of Mewar in order to produce lime for construction of new palace.
 
Question. Find out about the traditional systems of water harvesting/management in your region.
Answer- In our region, the primary sources of water include groundwater. Groundwater is harvested with the help of bore wells. The harvested water is then stored in water tanks.
 
Question : Name the fossil fuels. Why are they so called?
Answer :  Coal, natural gas and petroleum are fossil fuels. They are so called fossil fuels because they are obtained from fossils, have been formed millions of years ago inside the Earth from organic matter of organisms due to high pressure, temperature and anaerobic condition. 
 
Question. Find out the source of water in your region/locality. Is water from this source available to all people living in that area?
Answer- The source of water in our region is ground water. Water from the source is available to all the people living in that area.
 
Question : What is the basic requirement of local people living in forests?
Answer :  Firewood and fodder is the basic requirement of local people living in forests.  

Question. What would be the advantages of exploiting resources with short-term aims?
Answer : The advantage of exploiting resources with short term aim would be self-centred satisfaction. They provide immediate advantages.

Question. How would these advantages differ from the advantages of using a long term perspective in
managing our resources ?
Answer : Exploiting resources with short-term aim will only help in gaining profit for present generation while a long term perspective in managing resources will help in providing benefits for the generations to come.

Question. Why do you think there should be equitable distribution of resources? What forces would be
working against an equitable distribution of our resources?
Answer : Natural resources of the Earth must be distributed among the people uniformly so that each and every one gets his share of the resource. Human greed, corruption, and the lobby of the rich and powerful are the forces working against an equitable distribution of resources.

 

Short Answers

Question : What are the reasons for conservation of forest and wildlife?
Answer :  Wild life is need to conserve for protection of natural habitats of animals. Wild life serves as a source for domestication of animals and cultivation of crop plants. About 90% of food plants originated from wild tropical ancestors. Forests help to maintain an ecological balance of nature. They are the main source of food, timber, fuel wood, paper etc. They help to regulate temperature and rain fall. Forest trees provide shelter to a variety of animals and plays a role in soil conservation. The humus at forest floor regulates the water flow in streams, springs, wells and rivers.
 
Question : What important message is conveyed by Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award for wildlife conservation? 
Answer :  Amrita Devi Bishnoi Award encourages the people to promote wildlife conservation as the lady sacrificed her life along with 363 other people for the protection of Khejri trees. Conservation of wildlife and forests is crucial to our own welfare as it has both economic and ecological benefits. These are: Economic Benefits Source of food, fodder, timber, industrial raw materials and medicines. Ecological Benefits It regulates climate, prevents soil erosion and floods, retains rainwater, supplies to streams and springs. It acts as a gene bank for improvement of domesticated plants and animals. 
 
Question : Give one example each from reuse and recycle, respectively. 
Answer :  Used envelopes can be used again by reversing thus we can reuse the paper envelopes. Paper can be recycled by sending them back into factories. 
 
Question : What is the difference between deforestation and afforestation?
Answer :                   
Im-6

Im-7              

Question. What changes can you make in your habits to become more environment friendly ?
Answer : (i) All the bulbs and tube-lights should be replaced with LED (Light Emitting Diode).
(ii) At home, everyone should use natural ventilation and light on day time.
(iii) We should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags for shopping.
(iv) We should avoid wastage of water.
(v) For cooking food we should use LPG or solar cookers instead of microwave or oven.

Question. We saw in this chapter that there are four main stakeholders when it comes to forests and wildlife. Which among these should have the authority to decide the management of forests produce? Why do you think so?
Answer : The forest department of the government should have the authority to decide the management of forest produces. This is because the forest department is the care taker of the forest land and is responsible for any damage to the forest.

Question. What can you as an individual do to reduce your consumption of the various natural resources?
Answer : (i) All the bulbs and tube-lights should be replaced with LED (Light Emitting Diode).
(ii) At home, everyone should use natural ventilation and light on day time.
(iii) We should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags for shopping.
(iv) We should avoid wastage of water.
(v) For cooking food we should use LPG instead of microwave or oven.

Question. On the basis of the issues raised in this chapter, what changes would you incorporate in your lifestyle in a move towards a sustainable use of our resources?
Answer : (i) All the bulbs and tube-lights should be replaced with LED (Light Emitting Diode).
(ii) At home, everyone should use natural ventilation and light on day time.
(iii) We should use cloth bags instead of plastic bags for shopping.
(iv) We should avoid wastage of water.
(v) For cooking food we should use LPG instead of microwave or oven.

Question. Suggest some approaches towards the conservation of forests.
Answer : (i) Planting of trees to combat deforestation.
(ii) Placement of security forces in forests to prevent the poaching and smuggling of forest resources.
(iii) Incorporating steps to protect the forest dwellers without disturbing their lifestyles.
(iv) Avoiding the conversion of forest land into roads, buildings, and dams.

Question. Compare the above system with the probable systems in hilly/mountains areas or plains or plateau regions.
Answer : In hilly regions, rainwater is often collected and channeled with the help of a stream. The stream is
diverted to different areas with the help of canals for the purpose of irrigation. In mountainous regions, water is commonly obtained from the rivers that flow from the glaciers.
In the plains, water is obtained from many natural sources such as lakes and rivers. Groundwater is also harvested with the help of bore wells for irrigation and human consumption.

Long Answers
Question : What changes would you suggest in your home in order to be environment friendly? 
Answer :   We should use the formula of three R's to save the environment i.e. Reduce, Recycle and Reuse.
i. Reduce: Use less, save water and electricity by stopping the wastage. Do not waste food.
ii. Recycle: Segregate the wastes so that material which can be recycled should be dumped in place for recycling.
iii. Reuse: Reuse certain articles e.g. reverse the used envelope and reuse it.
iv. To ensure that there is no wastage of water, repair of all the leaky taps will be done.
v. Efforts will be made to prevent wastage of water from the overflowing overhead water storage tanks.
vi. Instead of bulbs, fluorescent tubes which consume less electricity will be fitted.
vii. To save electricity fans, air conditioners, geysers, room heaters and other electronic gadgets! appliances will be used only when required. This will prevent wastage of power.
 
Question : Explain a system of canal irrigation carried out in parts of Himachal Pradesh. 
Answer :   Kulhs Canal Irrigation in Himachal Pradesh: Parts of Himachal Pradesh had evolved a local system of canal irrigation called kulhs over four hundred years ago. The water flowing in the streams was diverted into a man made channels which took this water to numerous villages down the hillside. The management of the water flowing in these kulhs was by common agreement between all the villages. Interestingly, during the planting season, water was first used by the village farthest away from the source of the kulh, then by villages progressively higher up. These kulhs were managed by two or three people who were paid by the villagers. In addition to irrigation, water from these kulhs also percolated into the soil and fed springs at various points. After the kulhs were taken over by the Irrigation Department, most of them became defunct and there is no amicable sharing of water as before.
Chapter 16 Sustainable Management of Natural Resources
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