CBSE Class 8 Social Science Ruling The Country Side Notes

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Revision Notes for Class 8 Social Science Our Past III Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside

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Our Past III Chapter 3 Ruling the Countryside Notes Class 8 Social Science

CBSE Class 8 Civics - Ruling the Country Side. Learning the important concepts is very important for every student to get better marks in examinations. The concepts should be clear which will help in faster learning. The attached concepts made as per NCERT and CBSE pattern will help the student to understand the chapter and score better marks in the examinations.

CLASS-8

RULING THE COUNTRYSIDE

UNIT TEST-1

Q1. What changes came in the company as it got the right of Diwan?

Ans. As Dewan:-

• The Company became the chief financial administrator of the territory under its control.

 Now it had to think of administering the land and organizing its revenue resources.

This had to be done in a way that could yield enough revenue to meet the growing expenses of the company.

 A trading company had also to ensure that it could buy the product it needs and sell what it wanted.

Q2. Why did ruling the countryside become a necessity?

Ans. Over the years the company also learnt that it had to move with some caution. Being an alien power, it needed to pacify those who in the past had ruled the countryside, and enjoyed authority and prestige. Those who held local power had to be controlled but they could not be entirely eliminated. The British wanted to collect the more revenues and they also wanted to show that they were paramount.

Q3. Why did the need to improve the agriculture in Bengal arise?

Ans. The need to improve the agriculture in Bengal arise as it was felt that

 This would ensure a regular flow of revenue into the company’s coffers and at the same time encourage the zamindaris to invest in improving the land.

 Since the revenue demand of the state would not be increased the zamindaris would benefit from increased production from the land.

Q4. Why was there demand of Indigo in Europe?

1. British cloth dyers, however, preferred indigo as a dye Indigo produced a rich blue colour, whereas the dye from word was pale and dull.

2. By the seventeenth century, European cloth producers persuaded their government to relax the bam on indigo import.

3. The French began cultivating indigo in St. Dominguez in the Caribbean islands, the Portuguese in Brazil, the English in Jamaica, and the Spanish in Venezuela. Indigo plantations also came up in many parts of North America.

4. By the end of the eighteenth century, the demand for Indian indigo increased its existing supplies from the West Indies and America collapsed for a variety of reasons. Between 1783 and 1789 the production of indigo in the world fell by half. Cloth dyers in Britain now desperately cooked for new source of indigo supply.

Q5. How else did the British use the countryside from other than collecting revenue?

Ans. The other ways were:-

* They forced the artisans to sell their goods to the company at low prices.

* Peasants were forced to pay dues that were being demanded from them.

* The Britishers also forced Indians to cultivate opium and indigo.

Q6. Explain the following terms:-

1. Plantation: - A large farm operated by a planter employing various forms of forced labour. Plantations are associated with the production of coffee, sugarcane, tobacco, tea and cotton

2. .Mahal: -In British revenue records mahal is a revenue estate which may be a village or a group of village.

3. Bigha: - A unit of measurement of land. Before British rule, the size of this area varied. In Bengal the British standardized it to about one third of an acre.

4. Slave: - A person who is exploited and is forced to follow the orders given by its master. A person who is owned by someone else –the slave owner. A slave has no freedom and is
compelled to work for the master.

5. Nij: -Nij was a system of indigo cultivator within the system of nij cultivation, the planter produced indigo in lands that he directly controlled.

6. Ryoti: -Ryoti was another system of indigo cultivation. Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta).

Q7. What was the problem with nij cultivation?

The problem with nij cultivation was that the planters found it difficult to expand the acre under nij cultivation.

* Indigo could be cultivated only on fertile lands, and these were all already densely populated. Only small plots scattered over the landscape could be acquired.

* Planters needed large areas incompact blocks to cultivate indigo in plantations. They attempted to lease in the land around the indigo factory, and evict the peasants from the area.
But this always led to conflicts and tensions.

* Nor was labour easy to mobile. A large plantation required a vast number of hands to operate. And labour was needed precisely at a time when peasants were usually busy with
their rice cultivation.

* Nij cultivation on a large scale also required many ploughs and bullocks. Quebigha of indigo cultivation required two ploughs. This means that a planter with 1,000 bighas would
need 2,000 ploughs. Investing on purchase and maintenance ploughs was a big problem. Nor could supplies be supplies he easily get from the peasants since their ploughs and bullocks were busy on their rice fields, again exactly at the time that the indigo planters needed them.

Q8. What were the problems with ryoti system?

1. Under the ryoti system, the planters forced the ryots to sign a contract, an agreement (satta). At times they pressurised the village headman to sign the contract on behalf of the ryots.

2. Those who signed the contract got each advances from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo. But the loan committed the ryot to cultivating indigo on at least 25 per cent of the area under his holding.

3. The planter provided the seed and the drill, while the cultivators prepared the soil sowed the seed and looked after the crop.

4. The planters wanted that the indigo should be grows in the best soil.

Q9. What was the blue rebellion? Give its consequences.

Or

Q. What were the circumstances which led to the eventual collapse of Indigo production in Bengal?

Ans) In March 1859 thousands of ryots in Bengal refused to grow Indigo.

1. Ryoti refused to pay rents to the planters, and attacked indigo factories armed with swords and spears, bones and arrows. Women turned up to fight with pots, pans and kitchen implements.

2. Those who worked for gomasthas were beaten up.

3. Ryots swore they would no longer take advances to sow indigo nor be bullied by the planter’s lathiyals.

CONSEQUENSES:-

* The Queen also declared that sowing of indigo was not compulsory for the ryots.

* Worried by the rebellion, the govt. brought in the military to protect the planters from assault, and set up the Indigo Commission to enquire into the system of indigo production.

* The commission held the planters guilty, and criticized them for the coercive methods they used with indigo cultivators.

* The company asked ryots to fulfill their existing contracts but also told them that they could refuse to produce indigo in future.

Q10. How was Gandhi related to the Indigo planters?

1. After the revolt, indigo production collapsed in Bengal. But the planters how shifted their operation to Bihar. With the discovery of synthetic dyes in the late 19th century their business was severely affected, but yet they managed to expand production.

2. When Mahatma Gandhi returned from South Africa, a peasant from Bihar persuaded him visit Champaran and see the plight of the indigo cultivators there.

3. Mahatma Gandhi’s visit in 1917 marked the beginning of the Champaran movement against the indigo planters.

Q11. What gave the indigo peasants the power to rebel?

* In 1859, the indigo ryots felt that they had the support of the local Zamindar and Village headmen in their rebellion against the planters.

* In many villages, headmen who had been forced to sign indigo contracts, mobilized the indigo peasants and fought pitched battles with the lathiyals.

· In other places even the zamindarswent around villages urging the ryots to resist the planters.

· These zamindars were unhappy with the increasing power of the planters and angry at being forced by the planters give them land on long bases.

· The indigo peasant also imagined that the British govt. would support them in their struggle against the planters.

Q12. How did the artisans in Bengal face a deep crisis?

* The British administration was just like a sponge which absorbs everything from the banks of upper Ganga and then squeezed into the bank of River Thames.

* The British exploited our country in such a way that the backbone of our economy i.e. agriculture and industry was spoiled completely.

* Soon it was clear that the Bengal economy was facing a deep crisis as the British become its Diwani.

* Artisans were deserting village since they were being forced to sell their goods to the company at low prices.

* Artisan production was in decline, and agricultural cultivation showed signs of collapse. Then in 1770 a terrible famine killed ten million people in Bengal. About one third of the population was wiped out.

Q13. Why were the ryots reluctant to grow indigo?

Ans. The ryots were reluctant to grow indigo as those who signed the contract get cash advances from the planters at low rates of interest to produce indigo and the cultivators weren’t having even a bit of profit in the process rather their land was getting deter collated.

Ques14) Briefly describe the various revenue system introduced by British?

CBSE Class 8 Civics - Ruling the Country Side_1

CBSE Class 8 Civics - Ruling the Country Side_2

Assignment:-

Q1) Discuss the impact of land revenue settlement on the peasants?

Q2) Why did Britain need indigo? What caused Britain to encourage its cultivation in India?

Q3) Write a short note on condition of peasants under permanent settlement?

Q4) Who was Lord Cornwallis?

Q5) In which year was permanent settlement introduced?

Please click the link below to download pdf file for CBSE Class 8 Civics - Ruling the Country Side.

Our Past III Chapter 01 How, When and Where
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Where When And How Notes
Our Past III Chapter 02 From Trade to Territory
CBSE Class 8 Social Science From Trade To Territory Notes
Our Past III Chapter 03 Ruling the Countryside
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Ruling The Country Side Notes
Our Past III Chapter 04 Tribals, Dikus and the Vision of a Golden Age
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Tribals Dijus The vision of Golden Age Notes
Our Past III Chapter 05 When People Rebel
CBSE Class 8 Social Science When People Rebel Notes
Our Past III Chapter 06 Weavers, Iron Smelters and Factory Owners
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Weavers Ironsmeltors And Factory Owners Notes
Our Past III Chapter 07 Civilising the Nativeù, Educating the Nation
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Civilizing The Native Educating The Nation Notes
Our Past III Chapter 08 Women Caste and Reform
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Women Caste and Reform Notes
Our Past III Chapter 09 The Making of the National Movement
CBSE Class 8 Social Science The Making of the National Movement Notes
Our Past III Chapter 10 India After Independence
CBSE Class 8 Social Science India After Independence Notes
Resources and Development Chapter 01 Resources
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Resources Notes
Resources and Development Chapter 02 Land Soil Water Natural Vegetation and Wildlife
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Land Soil Water Natural Vegetation And Wild Life Notes
Resources and Development Chapter 03 Mineral and Power Resources
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Minerals And Energy Resources Notes
Resources and Development Chapter 04 Agriculture
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Agriculture Notes
Resources and Development Chapter 05 Industries
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Manufacturing Industries Notes
Resources and Development Chapter 06 Human Resources
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Human Resources Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 01 The Indian Constitution
CBSE Class 8 Social Science The Indian Constitution Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 02 Understanding Secularism
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Understanding Secularism Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 03 Why Do We Need a Parliament
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Why Do We Need a Parliament Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 04 Understanding Laws
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Understanding Laws Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 05 Judiciary
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Judiciary Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 06 Understanding Our Criminal Justice System
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Understanding Our Criminal Justice System Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 07 Understanding Marginalisation
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Understanding Marginalization Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 09 Public Facilities
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Public Facilities Notes
Social and Political Life III Chapter 10 Law and Social Justice
CBSE Class 8 Social Science Law And Social Justice Notes

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