TS Grewal Accountancy Class 11 Solution Chapter 6 Accounting Procedures Rules of Debit and Credit

About this chapter: Chapter number 6 in the Accountancy book for Class 11 written by Mr TS Grewal explains about Accounting Procedures: Rules of Debit and Credit. In this chapter the basic accounting rules of debit and credit has been explained in great detail. This is one of the most important topic which the students should understand carefully. As every accounting transaction has a debit and credit, it is important to learn what goes to debit and what to credit side based on the type of transaction. There are lot of examples which have been given in this chapter to help you better understand this interesting topic. You will also gain understanding of various accounting rules to be followed, and the final impact of each type of accounting entry. There are lot of practical questions which have been given in this chapter which will help you to strengthen your concepts. We have provided answers to all questions given in this chapter.

Question 1.  What is the objective behind preparing an Account? What is meant by recording on debit and credit sides of any Account? Explain with examples.

Answer  1.    The objective behind preparing an account is to summarise all transactions relating to a particular head in our account. Balance of all the accounts lead to preparation of Trail Balance.

Recording on debit side of any account means an item recorded on the debit side of an account is said to be debited to the account. A debit signifies that the value has flowed to the named account.

For Example, Cash paid into Bank Account debited to cash Account credited that means cash has frowned into Bank Account.

Recording on credit side of any account means an item recorded on the credit side of an account is said to be credited to the account. A credit entry signifies that the value has flowed out of the named account.

For Example, Cash withdrawn from bank is Cash Account debited to Bank Account credited that means cash has drowned out from Bank Account.

Question 2.   Give the rules of debit and credit and explain them with imaginary examples.

Answer  2.    Under double entry system of accounting each transaction has two aspects. One aspect is debit aspect that is receiving or incoming aspect. Another aspect is credit aspect, that is giving or outgoing aspect.

The rules can be summarised as follows:

(a) Increases in assets are debited; decreases are credits.

For Example, Plant purchased is debited and sold is credited.

(b) Increases in liabilities are credits; decreases are debits.

For Example, Bank Loan taken is credited and repaid is debited.

(c) Increases in owner’s capital are credits; decreases are debits.

For Example, further capital introduced is credited and withdrawn is debited.

Question 3. Write a short note on ‘Balancing an account’. Explain by balancing a Cash Account.

Answer  3.  At the end of a period say a day, week, month or year, it may be necessary to know the balance in an account. A balance of an account is the difference between the total of its debit and credit sides. If the total of debit side is more than the total of credit side, the account is said to have a debit balance. It has a credit balance when total of credit side is more than the total of debit side.

For Example, we can better understand with the help of a Cash Account:

1. Started Business with cash Rs. 15,000

2. Rent paid Rs. 2,000.

3. Sold goods Rs. 5,000.

4. Purchased goods for cash Rs. 3,200.

5. Salary paid Rs. 3,000.

Question 4.  What do you understand by ‘debit’ and ‘credit’? Do you think debit always stands for decrease in amount and credit for increase?

Answer  4.   Debit refers to the left side of an account and credit refers to the right side of an account. An item recorded on the debit side of an account is said to be debited to the account. A debit entry signifies that value has flowed to the named account indicating that increase in the amount.

Credit refers to an item recorded on the credit side of an account is said to be credited to the account. A credit entry signifies that value has flown from the source indicated by the name of the account. Debit and credit are simply additions to or subtraction from an account.

We do not think debit always stands for decrease in amount and credit for increase.

Question 5.  When do you credit a Liability Account? What will you do to reduce the balance of any liability Account? Explain with an example.

Answer  5.   Capital introduced is cash account debited to capital account is credited as in this case we credit a liability account. We will debit the liability account to reduce the liability balance as loan is paid. The entry is loan Account debited to cash account will decrease loan account or liability account.

Assets = Liabilities + Capital

Capital = Assets – Liabilities

If there is any change on one side of the equation, there will be a change of similar amount on the other side of the equation or among the items comprised in the same side of the equation.

When there is an increase in the amount of an asset, its account is debited; the account is credited if there is a reduction in the amount of the asset.

When there is an increase in the amount of liability, the account is credited; the amount is debited if there is a reduction in the amount of liability.

When there is an increase in the proprietor’s capital, the account is credited; the account is debited if the amount is withdrawn by the proprietor.

The rule for debit and credit can be explained as given below:

1.) Increase in assets is debits; decreases are credits.

2.) Increase in liabilities are credits; decreases are debits.

3.) Increase in owner’s capital are credits; decreases are debits.

4.) Increases in expenses are debits; decreases are credits.

5.) Increase in revenues or income are credits; decreases are debits.

Practical Problems ::--->

Question 1:  Following accounts are being maintained in the books of Shri Ashok. Classify them into Personal, Real and Nominal Accounts:

Answer 1:        

Question 2:  Classify the following into Assets, Liabilities, Capital, Expenses and Revenue:

Answer 2:

Question 3:  Classify the following into assets, liabilities, capital, revenue, and expenses:

Answer 3:

Question 4:  On which side will the increase in the following accounts be recorded? Also, state the nature of the account:

Answer 4:

Question 5:  On which side will the decrease in the following accounts be recorded? Also, state the nature of the account:

Answer 5:

Question 6. Whether an account will be debited or credited to record

(i) Increase in revenue.

(ii) Decrease in expense.

(iii) Drawings

(iv) The fresh capital introduced by the owner. 

Answer 6.

Question 6:  From the following Transactions, state the nature of account and state which account will be debited and which account credited:(Old Question)

Answer 6:

Question 7:   Open a 'T' shape account for machinery and put the following transactions on the proper side:

Answer 7:                        

Answer 8:

Question 9:  Open a 'T' shape account of creditor, 'Rakesh' and write the following transactions on the proper side:

Answer 9:

Question 10:  Open a 'T' shape account of debtor 'Brij' and write the following transactions on the proper side:

Answer 10:

Question 11: Put the following on the proper side of a Cash Account, a Debtor's Account and a Creditor's Account :

Answer 11:

Question 12:  From the following particulars, prepare the proprietor's Capital Account:

Balance the same and explain what the closing balance indicates. 

Answer 12:

As per the calculation Capital Balance as on 31st March, 2018 should be ₹1,67,000 but the answer given in the text book is ₹ 16,700.

Question 13:  From the following particulars, prepare the proprietor's Capital Account:

Answer 13: