CBSE Class 12 History Notes Themes in Indian History

Questions

Question. Describe any two features of the Harappan cities.
Answer. Citadel and the lower town

Question. Mention the articles on which the proof of writing was found.
Answer. Seals, rim of jars, tablets, etc

Question. What were seals? What were the seals used for?
Answer. Long distance communication, used for trade purpose, to identify the owner, etc

Question. Discuss the important features of Harappan drainage system.
Answer. The drains and streets were laid first and then houses were built along them.
Every house was connected with the street drains.
Very long drainage channels were provided. Etc

Question. Write a short note on the Great bath of Mohenjodaro.
Answer. It was in the citadel.
It was a rectangular tank.
It was made water tight by using mortar of gypsum

Question. Mention the causes of disappearance of the Harappan culture.
Answer. Climatic change, deforestation, Aryan invasion theory, etc

Question. Who was Cunningham?
Answer. Cunningham was the first Director genereal of the Archaelogical survey of India(ASI).

Question. Who were shamans?
Answer. Shamans were those people who claimed to have magical and healing power. They were men and women both. They claimed to have power of communicating with the other world.

Question. __________ deciphered Brahmi and Kharoshti.
Answer. James princep

Question. Who was John Marshal? How did he mark a change in the Indian Archaeology?
Answer. John Marshal was the Director general of the Archaeological survey of India(ASI). He was interested in new findings and looked for patterns of everyday life. He tended to excavate along regular horizontal units measured uniformly throughout the mound, ignoring the stratigraphy.

Question. Who was R.E.M Wheeler? Mention any one of his contribution in the field of Archeology?
Answer. He rectified the John marshal’s excavation and followed straitigraphy of
the mound to excavate.

Question. Harappan people led a prosperous life. Justify with examples.
Answer. You can explain the agriculture, crafts and industry, trade and commerce, weight and measures, profession etc..

Question. Mention any four items found in the graves of the Harappa.
Answer. Pottery, ornaments, jewellery etc

Question. How do archaeologists trace socio-economic differences in Harappan society?
Answer. By studying the burials and artifacts

Question. Compare the Indus valley civilization with other contemporary civilization of the world.
Answer. Compare it with Mesopotamia, Egypt.

Question. What do you know about the economic life of the Harappan civilization.
Answer. The do agriculture, trade, barter system, etc

Question. Describe some of the distinctive features of Mohenjodaro.
Answer. Well planned city, well planned drainage system, architecture, efficient civic organization, etc

Question. How do historians reconstruct the past?
Answer. Through different sources like Archaeological, literary, traveler accounts, etc

Question. Identify the image

Answer. Proto shiva seal.

Question. Define stratigraphy?
Answer. Study of rock layers and laying process.

Question. What do understand by the term culture?
Answer. Term used for a group of objects distinctive in style usually found together within a specific geographical area and period of time.

Question. Find the correct matching pair from the following pairs.
a) Fire altars-- Kot Diji                   
b) Terracotta bull – Banawali
c) Shell objects—Rakhigarhi           
d) Black clay jar—Chanhudaro
Answer. B

Question. The harappan civilization declined as a result of____________.
Answer. No definite factor was known.

Question. The economy of Indus Valley people was based on ________.
Answer. Agriculture, trade, crafts, etc.