CBSE Class 11 Economics Rural Development Worksheet

 

 

Agriculture is the major source of livelihood in the rural sector. More than two-third of India's population depends on agriculture that is not productive enough to provide for them. Rural development is the centre of the overall development because one-third of rural India still lives in poverty.

 

 

Rural development is a comprehensive term that focuses on action for the development of areas that are lagging behind in the overall development of the village economy.

Rural development in India include

• Development of human resources in terms of Literacy, female literacy, education and skill development, Health, both sanitation and public health

• Land reforms

• Development of the productive resources of rural areas

• Infrastructure development like electricity, irrigation, credit, marketing, transport, construction of village roads, facilities for agriculture research and extension, and information dissemination

• Alleviation of poverty and access to productive employment opportunities.

 

 

• Farming communities have to be provided with means that help to increase the productivity of grains, cereals, vegetables and fruits.

• They also need to be given opportunities to diversify into various non-farm productive activities such as food processing.

• Giving them better and more affordable access to healthcare, sanitation facilities at workplaces and homes

• Education for all would also need to be given top importance for rapid rural development.

 

 

• Although the share of agriculture sector's contribution to GDP has declined, the population dependent on this sector did not show any change.

• After the beginning of reforms, the growth rate of agriculture sector slowed to 2.3 percent per annum

• Decline in public investment since 1991 as the major reason for decreased growth

• Inadequate infrastructure, lack of alternate employment opportunities in the industry or service sector, increasing casualisation of employment has also reduced rural development.

 

 

Rural credit is the infusion of capital, from time to time, to realise higher productivity in agriculture and non-agriculture sectors.

 

WHAT IS THE IMPORTANCE OF CREDIT IN RURAL DEVELOPMENT?

 

As the time gestation between crop sowing and realisation of income is quite long, farmers borrow money to meet their initial investment on seeds, fertilisers, implements and other family expenses of marriage, death, religious ceremonies etc.

 

 

• At independence, moneylenders and traders exploited small and marginal farmers and landless labourers by lending to them on high interest rates and by manipulating the accounts to keep them in a debt -trap.

• After 1969, India adopted social banking and multiagency approach to the needs of rural credit.

• The National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development (NBARD) was set up in 1982 as an apex body to coordinate the rural credit activities

• The Green Revolution led to the diversification of the portfolio of rural credit towards production- oriented lending.

• Rural banking today consists of a set of multiagency institutions, namely Commercial banks,Regional rural banks (RRBs), Cooperatives and land development banks to distribute adequate credit at cheaper rates.

• Recently, Self-Help Groups (henceforth SHGs) have emerged to fill the gap in the formal credit system because credit needs to be fully integrated into the overall rural social and community development.

 

 

SHGs promote thrift in small proportions by a minimum contribution from each member. From the pooled money credit is given to the needy members to be repayable in small instalments at reasonable interest rates.

 

By March end 2003, more than seven lakh SHGs had reportedly been credit linked. Such credit provisions are generally referred to as micro-credit programmes. SHGs have helped in the empowerment of women but the borrowings are mainly confined to consumption purposes and negligible proportion is borrowed for agricultural purposes.

 

 

• Rapid banking system had a positive effect on rural farm and non-farm output, income and employment, especially after the green revolution

• It has helped farmers to benefit from credit facilities and a variety of loans for meeting their production needs.

• This is largely because of the chronic underperformance of formal credit institutions and high incidence of overdue instalments by the farmers.

• With the possible exception of the commercial banks, other formal institutions have failed to develop a culture of deposit mobilization

• Agriculture loan default rates have been chronically high and most defaulters were 'wilful defaulters'

• Expansion and promotion of the rural banking sector has taken a backseat after reforms.

• Banks need to change their approach from just being lenders to building up relationship banking with the borrowers.

 

 

Agricultural marketing is a process that involves the assembling, storage, processing, transportation,packaging, grading and distribution of different agricultural commodities across the country.

 

 

• Before independence, farmers were selling their produce to traders and suffered from faulty weighing and manipulation of accounts.

• Farmers who did not have the required information on prices prevailing in markets were often forced to sell at low prices.

• They also did not have proper storage facilities to keep back their produce for selling later at a better price.

• Moneylenders, rural political elites, big merchants and rich farmers) predominates agricultural markets

 

 

• The first step was regulation of markets to create orderly and transparent marketing conditions.

• Second component is provision of physical infrastructure facilities like roads railways,warehouses, godowns, cold storages and processing units.

• Cooperative marketing, in realising fair prices for farmers' products, is the third aspect of government initiative.

• The fourth element is the policy instruments like (i) assurance of minimum support prices (MSP) for 24 agricultural products (ii) maintenance of buffer stocks of wheat and rice by Food Corporation of India and (iii) distribution of food grains and sugar through PDS.

 

 

• It has been realised that if farmers directly sell their produce to consumers, it increases their share in the price paid by the consumers. Some examples of these channels are Apni Mandi (Punjab, Haryana, Rajasthan); Hadapsar Mandi (Pune); Rythu Bazars (vegetable and fruit market in Andhra Pradesh) and Uzhavar Sandies (farmers markets in Tamil Nadu).

• Several national and multinational fast food chains are increasingly entering into contracts/ alliances with farmers to encourage them to cultivate farm products (vegetables, fruits, etc.) of the desired quality by providing them with not only seeds and other inputs but also assured procurement of the produce at pre-decided prices.

 

 

• Diversification includes two aspects: one relates to diversification of crop production and the other relates to a shift of workforce from agriculture to other allied activities (livestock, poultry, fisheries etc.) and non-agriculture sector.

 

• The need for diversification arises from the fact that there is greater risk in depending exclusively on farming for livelihood. Diversification towards new areas is necessary not only to reduce the risk from agriculture sector but also to provide productive sustainable livelihood options to rural people.

 

• Expansion into other sectors is essential to provide supplementary gainful employment and in realising higher levels of income for rural people to overcome poverty and other tribulations.

• Agriculture is already overcrowded; a major proportion of the increasing labour force needs to find alternate employment opportunities in other non-farm sectors.

• Non-farm economy has dynamic linkages that permit healthy growth. The dynamic sub-sectors include agro-processing industries, food processing industries, leather industry, tourism, etc.

• Though majority of rural women find employment in agriculture with men looking for nonfarm employment, in recent times, women have also begun to look for non farm job.

 

 

• The farming community uses the mixed crop-livestock farming system cattle, goats, fowl are the widely held species.

• Livestock production provides increased stability in income, food security, transport, fuel and nutrition for the family without disrupting other food-producing activities.

• Livestock sector alone provides alternate livelihood options to over 70 million small and marginal farmers including landless labourers.

• A significant number of women also find employment in the livestock sector.

• Poultry accounts for the largest share with 58 per cent followed by others.

• Performance of the Indian dairy sector over the last three decades has been quite impressive.Milk production in the country has increased by more than four times due to the successful implementation of 'Operation Flood'

• Meat, eggs, wool and other by-products are also emerging as important productive sectors for diversification.

• Livestock population is quite impressive but its productivity is quite low as compared to other countries. It requires improved technology and promotion of good breeds of animals to enhance productivity

MULTIPLE CHOICE QUESTIONS

Question. Rural development means:-
(a) Providing education to rural people
(b) Providing health facilities to rural people
(c) Development of agriculture
(d) Which raises quality of life or standard of living of rural people
Answer : A

Question. Rural marketing is related to……….
(a) Regulated markets
(b) Storage
(c) Transportation Less use of pesticide
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. Multi-agency approach………..
(a) co-operatives
(b) Commercial Banks
(c) Regional Rural Banks
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. Cow dung, urine, residuals of fruits, mobility of organic nutritious elements are trusted by farmer under……
(a) Organic farming
(b) Farming
(c) Land holding
(d) Distress farming
Answer : D

Question. Regional rural banks contribute in institution credit……….
(a) 32Percentage
(b) 22 percentage
(c) 12 percentage
(d) 60 percentage
Answer : C

Question. Rural people require long term loans……
(a) To purchase agriculture machinery
(b) To buy fertilizers and seeds
(c) TO improve the land
(d) All of the above
Answer : A

Question. Organic farming is a……….
(a) Natural way of farming
(b) Eco- friendly technology
(c) Essential for sustainable development
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. The farmers in rural area require credit for agricultural development. This credit is known as:--
(a) Rural /Agricultural credit
(b) Urban credit
(c) Both A &B
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. Three tire system of rural co-operative credit societies is………
(a) Primary agricultural credit societies (PACS)
(b) Central co-operative banks
(c) State co-operative banks
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. The main function of co-operative marketing societies is to improve….
(a) Agricultural marketing
(b) Industrial marketing
(c) Both(A+B)
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. What type of revolution is called between 1991-2003?
(a) Green Revolution
(b) Golden Revolution
(c) White Revolution
(d) Red Revolution
Answer : B

Question. Rural people require short term loans……
(a) To buy factors and cattle
(b) To pay old debits
(c) To meet consumption expenditure
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. What type of loans are based on objectives?
(a) Production loans
(b) Consumer loan
(c) Both A &B
(d) None of these
Answer : D

Question. What are the kinds of loan based on time period?
(a) Short Term
(b) Medium Term
(c) Long Run
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. What are the non- institutional sources of credit?
(a) Moneylenders, Mahajans
(b) Trademen, Relatives
(c) Landlords
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. In which form multi-agency system was adopted after Indian’s Independence?
(a) Non- Institutional Credit
(b) Institutional credit
(c) Both A&B
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question. When a farmer sells agricultural surplus to Sahukars or Trademen at lower price, it is called as: -
(a) Forced
(b) Forced sale
(c) Sale
(d) Defective sale
Answer : B

Question. Institutional sources are……
(a) Money lenders, relatives and land owners.
(b) Rural co-operative societies commercial banks and regional rural banks
(c) Central Banks
(d) Primary agricultural credit societies
Answer : B

Question. Which production does come under Agricultural diversification?
(a) Food grains
(b) Commercial crops
(c) Horticulture and Dairy
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. If India has to make real progress, she has to develop its rural areas. It is because……….
(a) One –third of rural India still lives in abject of poverty.
(b) More than the 50% India’s population depends on agriculture which is the major source of livelihood in the rural sector.
(c) Growth –rate in the agricultural sector has been quite lower than those of other sectors of the economy.
(d) All the above.
Answer : A

Question. In which sectors rural cooperatives play important role?
(a) Agricultural credit
(b) Production
(c) Processing Marketing
(d) All the above
Answer : D

Question. Agriculture marketing does not comprise of ……………
(a) Transportation of produce to the market place for sale.
(b) Grading of the produce according to the quality
(c) Storage of the produce for sale in future
(d) Credit taken to meet expenditure on agriculture
Answer : D

Question. How much the commercial banks contribute in institutional credit?
(a) 72Percentage
(b) 31 percentage
(c) 12 percentage
(d) 75 percentage
Answer : A

Question. Different type of production included in Agriculture…………..
(a) Animal husbandry
(b) Production of milk
(c) Goods related to animal produce
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. Organic farming is very useful due to ……..
(a) Less use of pesticides
(b) Less use of insecticides
(c) Improvement in soil fertility
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. National Agricultural Federation (NAFED)was established in;
(a) 1962
(b) 1963
(c) 1964
(d) 1965
Answer : C

Question. Capital requirement of NABARD are met by:
(a) Reserve Bank of India (RBI)
(b) World Bank(WB)
(c) International Development Association(IDA)
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. What are the Rural finance functions of Reserve Bank of India (RBI)?
(a) Regulatory and financial functions
(b) Developmental works
(c) Both A & B
(d) None of these
Answer : C

Question. The feature of organic farming is…….
(a) Sustainable agriculture
(b) Use of local inputs
(c) Focus on soil health instead of plants
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. Operation flood was implemented in…….
(a) 1951
(b) 1966
(c) 1975
(d) 1985
Answer : B

Question. 14 major commercial banks were nationalized in---
(a) 19 July 1969
(b) 19 July 1980
(c) 19 July 1975
(d) 19 July 1991
Answer : DA

Question. Announcement of prices of agricultural goods every year is known as;
(a) Support price
(b) Agricultural Price
(c) Cost Price
(d) All of the above
Answer : A

Question. Blue revolution is associated with……….
(a) Indigo cultivation
(b) Poultry farming
(c) Fisheries
(d) Availability of drinking water
Answer : C

Question. Following is the advantage of lending by moneylenders………
(a) Easy procedure of lending
(b) Available for both productive and unproductive purposes
(c) Loans are not made public
(d) All the above
Answer : D

Question. Agricultural diversification money:
(a) Scientific farming
(b) Large scale farming
(c) Co-operative farming
(d) Production of variety of grains and plans on the same land
Answer : D

Question. Following is the limitation of organic farming……..
(a) Unsustainable agriculture
(b) Less demand for organic food
(c) Difficult marketing of organic products
(d) No use of locally available inputs
Answer : C

Question. Diversification of agriculture implies……
(a) Shift of workforce from agriculture to other allied activities and change in copping pattern
(b) Commercialization of agriculture.
(c) Use of modern technology
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. The problems faced in rural banking are:
(a) Insufficient rural credit
(b) Growing overdues
(c) Inadequate amount of sanction
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. Who was the founder of High Yielding Varieties(HYV) of seeds:
(a) Normen E. Barlang
(b) Dada Bhai Nauroji
(c) Dr.Swaminathan
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. Diversification of agriculture is essential….
(a) To check food inflation
(b) To provide sustainable livelihood option to rural people
(c) To generate large export surplus
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question. India occupies-----------------place in milk production in the worl(d)
(a) Fourth
(b) First
(c) Second
(d) Fifth
Answer : B

Question. Which of the following accounts for the largest share in the livestock sector of India?
(a) Poultry
(b) Cattle
(c) Goats
(d) Ponies and mules
Answer : A

Question. Which banks come under multi- agency system?
(a) Cooperative
(b) Commercial
(c) Regional Rural
(d) All of three
Answer : D

Question. Why is minimum support price fixed by the government?
(a) For government non- profit
(b) To safeguard the interest of farmers
(c) To safeguard the interest of consumers
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question. NABARD was set up in-------.
(a) 1982
(b) 1980
(c) 2000
(d) 2001
Answer : A

Question. Organic farming is beneficial because:
(a) It generates income through international exports
(b) It provides healthy food
(c) It is produced in an environmentally sustainable way
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. Which of the following falls under unorganized sector?
(a) Gramin Banks
(b) Cooperative Banks
(c) Money lenders and traders
(d) Land development Banks
Answer : C

Question. Rural developments will bring:
(a) Employment opportunities
(b) Raise standard of living
(c) Prosperity
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. Surplus population engaged in agriculture can be employed in:
(a) Animal husbandry
(b) Fisheries
(c) Horticulture
(d) All the above
Answer : D

Question. Production of a commodity, mostly through the natural process, is an activity in:
(a) Primary
(b) Secondary
(c) Tertiary
(d) Information technology
Answer : A

Question. What element is trusted by farmer under organic farming?
(a) Cow dung, urine et(c)
(b) Residual of fruits
(c) Mobility of Organic Nutritious Elements
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. Which of the following is traditional source of rural credit?
(a) Regional Rural Bank
(b) Village Money Lender
(c) Commercial Bank
(d) Co-operative Bank
Answer : B

Question. When were regional rural banks initiated in India?
(a) 1970
(b) 1975
(c) 1980
(d) 1985
Answer : B

Question. Livestock sectors in India provides employment to over…………. Rural people.
(a) 14.4 million
(b) 52 million
(c) 70 million
(d) 90 million
Answer : C

Question. Allied agricultural activities are/is:
(a) Agro processing
(b) Food Processing
(c) Tourism
(d) All of these
Answer : D

Question. National Bank for Agriculture and Rural Development is a……….
(a) Commercial Bank
(b) Cooperative bank
(c) An apex bank set up for rural and agricultural credit
(d) Subsidiary of State Bank of India
Answer : C