Access the most comprehensive NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Economics, these have been fully updated for the 2025-26 academic session. Our subject matter teachers have developed these detailed, step-by-step solutions to help you students master the Economics curriculum and get better marks in their CBSE exams.
Key Features of Class 12 Economics NCERT Solutions PDF
- Latest Syllabus Alignment: Solved according to the most recent NCERT books for Class 12 Economics guidelines.
- Expert step-by-step Logic: We have simplified complex Economics concepts to ensure 100% conceptual understanding.
- Exam focused answers: Structured to help Class 12 students write high scoring answers in school tests and exams.
- Complete exercise coverage: Detailed answers for every question at the end of each chapter in Economics.
Download Chapter-wise Economics Class 12 NCERT Solutions
We have provided the latest NCERT Solutions for Economics Class 12 below, covering all important questions and answers. Use the chapter-wise links to jump directly to the topics you need for your 2026 exam preparation.
Download Class 12 Economics Solutions (Online & PDF)
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Introduction to Economics |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 2 Demand |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 2 Elasticity of Demand |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Cost |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Production |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 4 Perfect Competition |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 4 Producer Equilibrium |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 4 Revenue |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 4 Supply |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 6 Non Competitive Market |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 1 Introduction to Macroand its Concepts |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 2 National Income and Related Aggregates |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Banking |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 3 Money |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 4 Aggregate Demand and Its Related Concepts |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 4 National Income Determination and Multiplier |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 5 Government Budget and the Economy |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 6 Balance of Payment |
| NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics Chapter 6 Foreign Exchange Rate |
Important Practice Resources for Class 12 Economics
Economics for Class XII Part 2 – Introductory Microeconomics
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Consumption, Production, Exchange, Scarcity, Production possibilities, Opportunity cost along with you will also learn about Market economy, Centrally planned economy, Mixed economy, Positive analysis, Normative analysis, Microeconomics and Macroeconomics.
THEORY OF CONSUMER BEHAVIOUR
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Budget set, Budget line, Indifference curve, Marginal Rate of substitution, Monotonic preferences, Diminishing rate of substitution, Indifference map, Utility function Consumer’s optimum Law of demand cost along with you will also learn about Demand curve Substitution effect, Income effect Normal good, Inferior good Substitute, Complement Price elasticity of demand.
PRODUCTION AND COSTS
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Production function, Short run, Long run, Total product, Marginal product Average product along with you will also learn about Law of diminishing marginal product, Law of variable proportions, Returns to scale, Cost function Marginal cost, Average cost.
THE THEORY OF THE FIRM UNDER PERFECT COMPETITION
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Perfect competition Revenue, Profit maximisation, Firms supply curve, along with you will also learn about Market supply curve Price elasticity of supply.
MARKET EQUILIBRIUM
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Equilibrium, Excess demand, Excess supply, Marginal revenue product of labour along with you will also learn about Value of marginal product of labour Price ceiling, Price floor.
NON-COMPETITIVE MARKETS
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Introducing Positive Costs Monopoly, Monopolistic Competition Oligopoly.
Economics for Class XII Part 2 - Introductory Macroeconomics
INTRODUCTION
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Rate of interest, Wage rate, Economic agents or units, Great Depression Unemployment rate, Four factors of production, Means of production, Inputs Land, Labour Capital, along with you will also learn about Entrepreneurship Investment expenditure, Wage labour Capitalist country or capitalist economy, Firms Capitalist firms, Output Households, Government External sector, Exports Imports.
NATIONAL INCOME ACCOUNTING
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Consumption goods, Capital goods, Intermediate goods Stocks, Flows Gross investment, Net investment Depreciation, Circular flow of income Product method of calculating, National Income, Expenditure method of calculating, Income method of calculating, Macroeconomic model Input, Value added Inventories, Planned-Unplanned change in inventories, along with you will also learn about Gross Domestic Product (GDP), Net Domestic Product (NDP), Gross National Product (GNP) Net National Product (NNP), NNP (at factor cost) or Undistributed profits, National Income (NI), Net interest payments made, Corporate tax by households, Personal tax payments Non-tax payments, Personal Disposable Income (PDI) National Disposable Income.
MONEY AND BANKING
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Barter exchange Double coincidence of wants, Medium of exchange, Unit of account, Store of value, Bonds Rate of interest along with you will also learn about Liquidity trap Fiat money, Legal tender, Narrow money, Broad money, Currency deposit ratio, Reserve deposit ratio, Money multiplier Lender of last resort, Open market operation Bank Rate, Cash Reserve Ratio (CRR) Repo Rate, Reverse Repo Rate.
DETERMINATION OF INCOME AND EMPLOYMENT
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Aggregate demand & supply, Equilibrium, Marginal propensity to consume, Un-intended changes in inventories, Autonomous change along with you will also learn about Parametric shift Effective demand principle, Paradox of thrift Autonomous expenditure multiplier.
GOVERNMENT BUDGET AND THE ECONOMY
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Public goods, Automatic stabiliser, and Discretionary fiscal policy along with you will also learn about Ricardian equivalence.
OPEN ECONOMY MACROECONOMICS
In this chapter the main key concepts you will be reading are Open economy, Balance of payments, Current account deficit, Official reserve transactions, Autonomous and accommodating, Nominal and real exchange rate transactions along with you will also learn about Purchasing power parity, Flexible exchange rate, Depreciation Interest rate differential, Fixed exchange rate, Devaluation, Managed floating, Demand for domestic goods, Marginal propensity to import, Net exports, Open economy multiplier.
Students should refer to the 2025-26 NCERT solutions for Class 12 Economics provided by our expert teachers. These question answers have been designed based on the latest 2025-26 NCERT textbooks issued for Class 12. It is important for Class 12 students to go through the solutions provided here to properly understand all concepts. Class 12 Economics is an important chapter in Class 12 from which questions are expected in various 2025-26 class tests and exams. NCERT has given a very good collection of questions for the chapter Class 12 Science which can come in your exams.
Class 12 students appearing in the upcoming exams should properly go through the questions given at the end of this chapter. Then you should understand the solutions provided by us. We have provided detailed solutions so that you are able to understand Class 12 Economics concepts and then take out answers to these questions yourself.
What are the benefits of Class 12 Economics 2025-26 NCERT Solutions?
Improves analytical and problem-solving skills for Class 12 Economics. Improves the students speed and accuracy of solving questions given at the end of this chapter. Helps the Class 12 students to understand important questions and learn to answer them properly. Supports in identifying weak topics so that students can spend more time to improve and strengthen concepts of different chapters. Enhances basic and strong understanding of various topics in 2025-26 NCERT Class 12 Economics. Make yourself aware of the test pattern of upcoming 2025-26 exams by practicing Worksheets for Class 12 Economics.
1. Students can use 2025-26 NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Economics to practice daily and easily learn how to solve questions given in your textbooks easily.
2. You can also get better at solving Class 12 questions by practicing every day with our questions and answers given here for Economics and related 2025-26 NCERT Solutions.
3. Understanding of important topics given in the book for Economics with the help of very simple and clear NCERT Solutions for Class 12 will help you to get better marks in examination.
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8. Easily know details of the types of questions that will come in 2025-26 exams by practicing with the help of NCERT Solutions and worksheets for Class 12 Economics.
9. Practice the free Economics NCERT Solutions for Class 12 in PDF to improve your understanding of all chapters and all its topics.
10. Score higher marks in Class 12 Economics by using the NCERT Solutions to prepare well for exams and also get better rank.
How to download 2025-26 NCERT Solutions of Class 12 Economics in PDF?
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics is available on our website for free download in Pdf. All you have to do is click on the links of the chapters of Class 12 Economics which have been provided above and that will open the page with all solutions. You can read the solutions to all questions given in your Class 12 Economics textbook online or you can easily download them in pdf. You should daily practice the answers given to all NCERT Class 12 Economics questions on a daily basis to get a full understanding of the subject. Also refer to Question Papers for Class 12 Economics provided on our website.
We have provided below steps following which you can easy save the PDF files on your system:
1. Click on the menu button on the top left and then on the downloads button in the main menu
2. When you will click on the download button the full menu will open from where you can select NCERT Solutions
3. Post clicking on it you will be directed to page for clicking on the class and the subject to download the Latest NCERT Solutions PDFs for Economics Class 12 which you need to download
How to improve 2025-26 marks with Class 12 Economics NCERT Solutions?
The Class 12 Economics NCERT Solutions are designed in a way that will help to improve the overall understanding of students. The answers to each question in chapters of Economics Class 12 has been designed based on the latest syllabus released for the current year. It covers all topics prescribed in the syllabus. We have also provided detailed explanations for all difficult topics in Class 12 chapters of Economics so that it can be easier for students to understand all answers. You should practice Sample Papers for Class 12 Economics daily to improve your overall knowledge and understanding of Class 12 Economics and get good marks.
1. Students can easily solve tricky questions in Class 12 Economics textbook with the help of step by step direction from the 2025-26 NCERT Solutions that we have provided above.
2. Practice of both theory and practical problems should be done regularly to strengthen your understanding of all Economics chapters which have been given in your 2025-26 NCERT book as that will help you to appear in class exams and even any competition too.
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7. Feel confident in exams by practicing Economics questions that are explained in an easy to understand way along with important and advanced study material that has been provided by us.
8. Ensure full syllabus coverage with NCERT Solutions that include every Economics chapter in Class 12 and question from your textbook are understood and learnt by you properly.
9. Prepare for your Class 12 Economics exams with the help of free and downloadable PDFs of NCERT Solutions and worksheets.
10. Score better marks in Economics by combining regular practice with these well designed solutions so that you can score better in Class 12 exams.
NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Economics
Class 12 Economics NCERT Solutions is a really good source using which the students can get more marks in exams. You will find that lot of questions are asked from the NCERT solutions given here on our website. The same questions will be coming in your Class 12 Economics exam. Learn the answers daily to get a higher score. Each chapter of your Economics textbook has a lot of questions at the end of each chapter to test the students understanding of the concepts taught in the chapter. Students have to solve the questions and refer to the step-by-step solutions provided by Economics teachers on studiestoday to get better problem-solving skills. There are lot of MCQ Questions for Class 12 Economics with answers also provided here.
Class 12 NCERT Solution Economics
These solutions of NCERT Questions given in your 2025-26 textbook for Class 12 Economics have been designed to help students understand the difficult topics of Economics in an easy manner. These will also help to build a strong foundation in the subject. There is a combination of theoretical and practical questions relating to all chapters in Economics to check the overall learning of the students of Class 12. To help them we have provided all the solutions to all problems in an easy-to-learn manner. All Class 12 students must download the pdf and also do lot of Class 12 Economics MCQ Test.
Class 12 NCERT Solution Economics PDF
NCERT Solutions Class 12 Economics with Chapter-wise, detailed answers are given with the objective of helping students compare their answers with the example. NCERT solutions provide a strong foundation for every chapter. They ensure a smooth and easy knowledge of advanced concepts. As suggested by the HRD ministry, they will perform a major role in JEE. Students can easily download these solutions and use them to prepare for upcoming exams and also go through the extra Revision notes for Class 12 Economics to clarify all doubts.
Economics Class 12 NCERT Solutions Free Download
If you want to get all the solutions for the questions in exercises given in your 2025-26 NCERT book for Class 12 Economics, then you have come to the best website. We are the best CBSE portal available for students from where you can easily download free pdf of all solutions and answers for the NCERT questions in Class 12 Economics. Students of Class 12 should improve their understanding of the concepts taught by immediately practicing the questions given at the end of each topic and compare with the answers provided by us. We have also provided free Assignments for Class 12 Economics
Study Material for Class 12 Economics
Click on the below links to download more study material for Class 12 Economics which can be very useful for your studies and exams. Our teachers at studiestoday have compiled Class 12 Economics sample papers, past year question papers, NCERT Class 12 Economics books, Printable Worksheets for Class 12 Economics, and many more. Click on the below boxes to download all material for free in pdf.
You can download the latest chapter wise NCERT solutions for Class 12 Economics for free from StudiesToday.com in high quality mobile friendly PDFs.
Yes, all NCERT solutions for Class 12 Economics are strictly based on the latest rationalized syllabus. We have updated them and have removed deleted chapters and included new questions issued for this year.
Yes. Our expert teachers provide detailed, step-by-step solutions for all Economics exercises. This includes answers for all descriptive questions, numerical problem solving, diagrams.
NCERT solutions are important as most CBSE exam questions are directly based on textbook exercises. Practicing these solutions helps Class 12 students to understand marking scheme and learn how to write good answers to get more marks.
Yes, we provide 100% free access to all NCERT solutions, practice papers, and revision notes for Class 12 Economics. Students can download all chapters without any fees.
Yes, to support students from different mediums, we have given Class 12 NCERT solutions in multiple languages, including English and Hindi.