NCERT Solutions for Class 12 Psychology, Chapter-Wise, Free

Chapter 1 - Variations in Psychological

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Understand psychological attributes on which people differ from each other,
• Learn about different methods that are used to assess psychological attributes,
• Explain what constitutes intelligent behaviour,
• Learn how psychologists assess intelligence to identify mentally challenged and gifted individuals,
• Understand how intelligence has different meaning in different cultures, and
• Understand the difference between intelligence and aptitude.

Chapter 2 - Self and Personality

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Describe the concept of self and learn some ways for self-regulation of behaviour,
• Explain the concept of personality,
• Differentiate between various approaches to the study of personality,
• Develop insight into the development of a healthy personality, and
• Describe some techniques for personality assessment.

Chapter 3 - Meeting Life Challenges

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Understand the nature, types and sources of stress as life challenges,
• Examine the effects of stress on psychological functioning,
• Learn ways to cope with stress,
• Know about the life skills that help people to stay healthy, and
• Understand the factors that promote positive health and well-being.

Chapter 4 -Psychological Disorders

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Understand the basic issues in abnormal behaviour and the criteria used to identify such behaviours.
• Appreciate the factors which cause abnormal behaviour.
• Explain the different models of abnormal behaviour.
• Describe the major psychological disorders.

Chapter 5 - Therapeutic Approaches

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Familiarise yourself with the basic nature and process of psychotherapy.
• Appreciate that there are different types of therapies for helping people.
• Understand the use of psychological forms of intervention.
• Know how people with mental disorders can be rehabilitated.

Chapter 6 - Attitude and Social Cognition

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Understand what are attitudes, how they are formed and changed.
• Analyse how people interpret and explain the behaviour of others.
• Comprehend how the presence of others influences our behaviour.
• Explain why people help or do not help others in distress.
• Understand the concept of pro-social behaviour and factors affecting it.

Chapter 7 - Social Influence and Group Processes

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Understand the nature and types of groups and know how they are formed,
• Examine the influence of group on individual behaviour.
• Describe the process of cooperation and competition.
• Reflect on the importance of social identity.
• Understand the nature of intergroup conflict and examine conflict resolution strategies.

Chapter 8 - Psychology and Life

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Understand how psychology can be applied to common problems in our lives.
• Appreciate the relationship between human beings and the environment.
• Analyse how pro-environmental behaviour helps to deal with environmental stressors.
• Explain the causes and consequences of social problems from a psychological perspective.
• Learn about the possible remedies of problems such as poverty, aggression, and health.

Chapter 9 - Developing Psychological Skills

The main learning objectives you will learn in this chapter are:

• Understand the need to develop skills among psychologists.
• Describe the basic aspects of observational skills.
• Know the significance of developing communication skills.
• Understand the importance of psychological testing skills in individual assessment.
• Explain the nature and process of counselling.