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Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 Economics Worksheet for Class 12
Class 12 Economics students should refer to the following printable worksheet in Pdf in Class 12. This test paper with questions and solutions for Class 12 Economics will be very useful for tests and exams and help you to score better marks
Class 12 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 Worksheet Pdf
Question. Green revolution implies :
(a) Increase in area under rice crops
(b) Increase in area under all the crops
(c) Increase in area under food grains crops
(d) Increase in production of food grains in short period.
Answer: D
Question. Among following one element is not related with green revolution :
(a) Improved seeds
(b) New strategy for agriculture
(c) Fertilizers
(d) Increase in population
Answer: D
Question. After Independence the number of industrial policies declared till now are :
(a) 5
(b) 6
(c) 7
(d) 8 R
Answer: B
Question. Which crop was benefitted most by green revolution :
(a) Wheat
(b) Tea
(c) Cotton
(d) Oil seeds
Answer: A
Question. Industrial Policy in force presently in India is :
(a) 1948
(b) 1956
(c) 1977
(d) 1991
Answer: D
Question. Industries (Development and Regulation) Act was implemented in :
(a) 1951
(b) 1952
(c) 1953
(d) None of the above
Answer: A
Question. In how many categories industries were divided in Industrial Policy, 1956 ?
(a) 3
(b) 2
(c) 5
(d) 4
Answer: A
Question. Green revolution increased the use of :
(a) Improved seed
(b) Irrigation
(c) Chemical fertilizers
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. Industrial licensing policy was made liberal particularly in :
(a) 1990
(b) 1991
(c) 1992
(d) 1985
Answer: B
Question. Problem of Small Scale Industries is :
(a) Shortage of raw material
(b) Inadequate use of capacity
(c) Shortage of capital and credit
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. Main element of Green Revolution is :
(a) HYV seeds
(b) Use of fertilizers
(c) Extension of irrigation facilities
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. As a result of Green Revolution :
(a) Production has increased
(b) Crop per hectare increased increased
(c) Increase in regional disparity
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. Founder of Green Revolution is :
(a) Norman E. Borlang
(b) M.S. Swaminathan
(c) Gerri Baker
(d) None of the Above
Answer: A
Question. Liberalised industrial policy was announced in :
(a) April 1, 1991
(b) May 1, 1991
(c) June 24, 1991
(d) July 24, 1991
Answer: D
Question. The common goals of the five year plans are :
(a) Modernisation
(b) Growth
(c) Self –reliance
(d) All of the above.
Answer: D
Question. Long- term objectives to be achieved over a long period of time formulated with reference to common goals of plans are called:
(a) Objectives of plans
(b) Objectives of planning
(c) Perspective plans
(d) Both
(b) and (c)
Answer: D
Question. Under which system the goods are distributed among people not on the basis of what people need but on the basis of what people need but on the basis of purchasing power?
(a) Capitalistic system
(b) Socialistic system
(c) Mixed system
(d) Dual system
Answer: A
Question. Proportion of population earn their living from agriculture in India is :
(a) Half
(b) One third
(c) Two third
(d) Three fourth
Answer: C
Question. First Industrial Policy of independent India was declared in :
(a) 1947
(b) 1948
(c) 1950
(d) 1951
Answer: B
Question. Process of industrialisation was started in India in:
(a) First Plan
(b) Second Plan
(c) Third Plan
(d) Fourth Plan R
Answer: B
Question. Green Revolution includes :
(a) HYV seeds
(b) Mechanisation of agriculture
(c) Chemical fertilizers
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. Fixation of Maximum Land ceiling is one type of :
(a) Technical reform
(b) Institutional reform
(c) Structural reform
(d) Market reform
Answer: B
Question. After Independence India had favourable balance of trade situations for :
(a) Two times
(b) Three times
(c) Four times
(d) Always
Answer: A
Question. What percentage of India’s share in World Trade has been targeted in Foreign Trade Policy, 2004-2009 :
(a) 1 percent
(b) 2 percent
(c) 1.5 percent
(d) 2.5 percent
Answer: C
Question. In India green revolution was started in :
(a) Decade of 1960
(b) Decade of 1970
(c) Decade of 1980
(d) Decade of 1990
Answer: A
Question. The most benefitted state due to green revolution is :
(a) Odisha
(b) Bihar
(c) Kerala
(d) Punjab
Answer: D
Question. Trade policy was made liberal in India in :
(a) 1990
(b) 1991
(c) 1992
(d) 1993
Answer: B
Question. Need for import substitution policy is due to :
(a) Shortage of foreign exchange
(b) Adverse balance of trade
(c) Devaluation of money
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. To increase Foreign trade, we should resort to :
(a) Reduction in tariff rates
(b) Credit facilities to exporters from foreign markets
(c) To make available better infrastructural facilities to exporters
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. New economic policy includes :
(a) Liberalisation
(b) Privatisation
(c) Globalisation
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. Import-Export Policy 2009-14 was declared on :
(a) 27th August 2009
(b) 28th March 2002
(c) Ist April 2002
(d) Ist April 2004
Answer: A
Question. To accelerate the rate of growth, the reform programmes were initiated in the year :
(a) 1990
(b) 1991
(c) 1993
(d) 1994
Answer: B
Question. Which was not the objective of demonetisation 2016:
(a) To curb corruption
(b) To curb counterfeit currency
(c) To stop the use of low denomination notes for terrorists activities.
(d) To discourage the accumulation of “black money”
Answer: C
Question. What kind of Tax is GST?
(a) Direct Tax
(b) Indirect Tax
(c) Depends on the type of goods and services
(d) None of the above
Answer: B
Question. To increase the annual growth rate of industries, efforts should be made for :
(a) Full utilisation of production capacity
(b) Use of Modern Technology
(c) Industrial Peace
(d) All of the above
Answer: D
Question. Features of New Exim Policy are :
(a) Abolition of quantitative restriction on export.
(b) Special incentives on exports of agricultural products.
(c) Improvement in facilities of Special Economic Zones.
(d) All the above
Answer: D
Question. Liberal economic reforms were initiated in the year :
(a) 1985
(b) 1980
(c) 1990
(d) 1991
Answer: D
Question. Out of the following, which industry is reserved for public sector :
(a) Atomic energy
(b) Industrial explosive
(c) Medicines
(d) Defence equipment
Answer: A
Question. New economic policy 1991 is also called :
(a) L-Turn policy
(b) S-turn policy
(c) U-turn policy
(d) None of the above
Answer: C
Question. Declaration of India’s Exim Policy 2004-09 was on:
(a) 31st August, 2004
(b) 31st March, 2004
(c) 31st March, 2003
(d) 31st December, 2004
Answer: A
Fill in the blanks :
Question. The portion of agricultural produce which is sold in the market by the farmers is called ______.
Answer: Marketable surplus
Question. _______means removing all unnecessary controls and restrictions imposed by the government like quotas, licenses, etc.
Answer: Liberalisation
Question. ______means transfer of ownership and control from public sector to private sector.
Answer: Privatisation
Question. ______refers to growing inter-dependence among countries in the world with respect to technology, capital goods, services, etc.
Answer: Globalisation
Question. _____refers to the maximum size of land holdings that an agricultural household can hold.
Answer: Land ceiling
Question. Green revolution mainly remained confined to the crops of _______.
Answer: Wheat and Rice
Question. Use _____of seeds were promoted in green revolution.
Answer: HYV
Question. All restrictions on imports by the government in the form of other than taxes is called ______.
Answer: Non-tariff barriers
Question. ______is the process of detaching a currency from its status as legal tender in the country.
Answer: Demonetisation
Question. The enterprises on which control and ownership of government exists are called _____.
Answer: public sector enterprises
Question. Disinvestment of public sector enterprises means, to hand over public sector in the hand of_____.
Answer: private sector
Question. Small scale industry is that industry in which investment in the fixed capital can be upto_____.
Answer: ₹ 5 crore
Question. Regional equality was the main purpose of_____.
Answer: Industrial Policy Resolution, 1956
Question. Defective tenurial system is a/an ____problem of agriculture.
Answer: Institutional.
True or False:
Question. All before demonetisation has occurred in the context of hyperinflation, wars, political upheavals or other extreme circumstances.
Answer: Ture
Question. Navaratna Policy of the government helped in improving the performance of public sector undertakings in India.
Answer: Ture
Question. Outsourcing means obtaining services by one department from other department of same company.
Answer: False
Question. Laissez-faire and liberalisation have one and same meaning in reference to any economy.
Answer: False
Question. Disinvestment is the sales of a part of equity holding held by government in any private enterprises to public enterprises.
Answer: False
Question. GST abolished all the direct tax levied in India.
Answer: False
Question. Match the following :
Group I | Group II |
1. Prime Minister | (a) Seeds that give large proportion of output |
2. GDP | (b) Quantity of goods that can be imported |
3. Quota | (c) Chairperson of Planning Commission |
4. Land Reforms | (d) The money value of all the final goods and services produced within the economy in one year. |
5. HYV Seeds | (e) Improvements in the fields of agriculture to increase its productivity |
6. Subsidy | (f) The monetary assistance given by government for production activities |
Answer: 1. (c) 2. (d), 3. (b) 4. (e), 5. (a), 6. (f).
Question. Match the following :
Group I | Group II |
1. Items of imports and exports | (a) Unfavourable balance of trade |
2. Outward oriented policy | (b) Composition of foreign trade |
3. Inward oriented policy | (c) Export promotion |
4. Imports exceeds exports | (d) Import substitution |
Answer: 1. (b) Composition of foreign trade, 2. (c) Export promotion, 3. (d) Import substitution, 4. (a) Unfavourable balance of trade
Short Answer Type Questions
Question. Why did India opt for planning ?
Answer: After independence, India had to make an important choice of economic system and opt either for capitalism or socialism. India finally opted for socialism as the Indian leaders were inspired by the extraordinary success of planning in Soviet Union. Indian planners understood the dearth of private capital at the eve of independence and the lack of incentive for private sector to operate in social sector where profit-making could not be the main motive. India went for planning so as to adopt the socialist idea with strong emphasis on public sector but also allow for active private sector participation in non- priority industries through democratic framework.
With the objective that the government would undertake comprehensive planning for the nation as a whole, the Planning Commission was established in 1950. Planning was undertaken to make public sector work towards the basic economic framework and to encourage private sector firms for their active contribution to the economic growth.
Question. What objectives did the British intend to achieve through policies of infrastructural development in India ?
Answer: (i) The true motive of British behind the infrastructural development was only to serve their colonial interest. There were infrastructural developments in the fields of transport and communication. (ii) The roads served the purpose of facilitating transportation of raw materials from different parts of the country to ports and ports were developed for easy and fast exports to and imports from Britain. (iii) Railways were introduced and developed for the transportation of finished goods of British industries to the interiors of India. Railways assisted British industries to widen the market for their finished products. (iv) Posts and telegraphs were developed to enhance the efficiency and effectiveness of the British administration. Hence, the aim of infrastructural development was not the growth and development of the Indian economy but to serve their own interest.
Question. State the main features of ‘Planning’ adopted by Government of India.
Answer: A plan is a proposed list of goals that an economy wants to achieve within a specific period of time.
It suggests the optimum ways to utilise the scarce resources to achieve the enlisted goals.
In India, planning is done for a period of five years, which is called five year plan. Plans have both specific and general goals.
Some of the common goals are economic growth, modernization, self-reliance and equity. Plans are laid down on the basis of framework over which the policies are designed. Often various goals conflict each other.
For example: Modernization reduces labour employment. So there is a need to maintain a balance among different goals.
Question. What is a planned democracy?
Answer: A Planned democracy is the one in which people elect their representatives who take decisions tas to how to use the nation’s resources with the help of planning.
Question. What is import substitution policy? Why it was introduced in India?
Answer: Import substitution policy aimed at replacing or substituting imports with domestic production. For example, instead if importing vehicles from abroad, the industries were encouraged to produce them in India itself. It was introduced in India because the government wanted to protect the domestic industries from foreign competition. It was assumed that if domestic industries are protected, they will learn to compete in the course of time.
Question. Explain “growth with equity” as planning objective.
Answer: Growth refers to the increase in GDP over a long period of time Equity refers to an equitable distribution of GDP so that the benefits due to higher economic growth are shared by all sections of population. Growth in itself does not guarantee the welfare of people. Hence, growth with equity is a rational and desirable objective of planning. This is not only leads to reduction of inequality of income but also enables everyone to be self-reliant.
Question. Why are HYV seeds called ”miracle seeds”?
Answer: High Yielding Variety of seeds were developed by the Nobel Laureate Dr. Narman Barlauf in Mexico. These seeds are more productive and need regular and adequate irrigation facilities along with greater use of fertilizers and pesticides. HYV seeds grow faster than the normal seeds and crops can be harvested in a much shorter time-period.
Question. What has been the impact of Self-reliance on Indian economy?
Answer: Impact of self-reliance on the Indian economy:
Self –sufficiency in food grains.
Decline in foreign aid and reduced dependence on imports owing to growth in domestic production .
Progress in exports.
Rise in contribution of industries to GDP.
Question. Explain the policy of “land to the tiller” and its benefits
Answer: The ownership of land provides incentives to the tiller of the land t invest in making improvements, provided sufficient capital is made available to them.
They take more interest since they make profit from the increased output which is not shared by anyone.
The importance of ownership in providing incentives to farmers is illustrated by the carelessness with which farmers in the former Soviet Union used to pack fruits for sale. Rotten fruits were packed along with fresh fruits in the same box since it did not affect them if the goods were not sold
Question. Why should plans have goals?
Answer: While a plan specifies the ways and means to allocate scarce resources to achieve proposed targets, goals are the ultimate targets, the achievement of which ensures the success of plans.
Question. Explain ‘growth with equity’ as a planning objective.
Answer: Both growth and equity are the two important objectives of Indian planning. While growth refers to the increase in national income over a long period of time, equity refers to an equitable distribution of this income so that the benefits of higher economic growth can be passed on to all sections of population to bring about social justice. Growth is desirable as you must have the cake to distribute it but growth in itself does not guarantee the welfare of society. Growth is assessed by the market value of goods and services produced in the economy (GDP) and it does not guarantee an equitable distribution of the income from this production. In other words, the major share of Gross Domestic Product (GDP) might be owned by a small proportion of population which may result in exploitation of weaker sections of society. Hence, growth with equity is a rational and desirable objective of planning. This objective ensures that the benefits of high growth are shared by all people equally and hence, inequality of income is reduced alongwith growth in income.
Question. What is Economic planning ?
Answer: Economic planning is the determination of a suitable way to utilize the resources of the country to achieve the goals or objectives. It is the assessment, allocation, mobilisation and utilization of available resources to benefit the people.
Question. How did Green Revolution benefit the farmers?
Answer: (1) Increasing income of the farmers.
(2) increase in productivity of land.
(3) Self sufficiency
(4) Promotion of Science and technology
(5) Promotion of infrastructural development
(6) Increase in National income.
(7) Increase in Rural employment.
Question. Explain the various land reforms introduced post-independence in India in the agricultural sector.
Answer: (1) Abolishing the intermediaries
(2) Consolidation of Holdings
(3) Redistribution of land
(4) Co-operative farming
(5) Tenancy reforms
(6) Ceiling on land holdings
Question. Explain the importance of industrial sector in economic growth and development of the Indian economy.
Answer: (1) Source of Employment
(2) Industrialization is a sine-qua-non of growth.
(3) Source of mechanized means of farming
(4) Imparts Dynamism to Growth process
(5) Growth of civilization
(6) Infrastructural Growth
(7) Structural Transformation
Question. Why was the Green Revolution implemented?
Answer: (1)Low irrigation facility
(2) Conventional and Traditional approach
(3) Lack of Finance
(4) Lack of Self-sufficiency
(5) Marketing agriculture produce
(6) Frequent occurrence of famines
Question. What are the main objectives of 11th five year plan?
Answer: Objectives of 11th five year plan are as follows : (i) GDP growth rate– 9% to 10% per annum.
(ii) Agricultural growth rate– 4%
(iii) Industrial growth rate– 10.5%
(iv) Reduction of poverty ratio by 10% by 2012.
(v) Focus on elementary education and universal retention by 2010.
(vi) Reduction in decadal rate of population growth between 2001 to 2011 to 16.2%.
(vii) Increase in forest and tree cover to 33% by 2012.
(viii) Increase in literacy rate to 85% within the plan period.
Question. Distinguish between planning objectives and plan objectives on any four basis.
Answer: Differences between planning objectives and plan objectives are :
Long Answer Type Questions
Question. Write a short note on the main features of Indian Agriculture at the eve of Independence.
Answer: Main features of Indian agriculture at the eve of Independence are as follows :
(i) Agriculture was the major source of livelihood and about 75% of country’s population derived their livelihood from agriculture.
(ii) The agricultural sector experienced stagnation and deterioration during British rule.
(iii) British rulers introduced new land tenure system which proved to be the prominent cause of agricultural stagnation.
(iv) Agricultural production deteriorated because of lack of irrigation facilities and technological upgradation.
(v) Commercialisation of agriculture transformed Indian agriculture into a raw material export activity.
(vi) Partition of the country had an adverse effect on India’s agricultural production.
Question. Why was it necessary for a developing country like India to follow self-reliance as an objective of economic planning ?
Answer: Self-reliance as an objective of economic planning is necessary for a developing country because a nation can promote economic growth and modernization by using its own resources or by using resources imported from other nations. The first Seven Five Year Plans gave importance to self-reliance which means avoiding imports of those goods which could be produced in India itself. This policy was considered a necessity in order to reduce our dependence on foreign countries especially for food. It is understandable that people who were recently freed from foreign domination should give importance to self-reliance.
Question. What was the focus of the economic policies pursued by the Colonial government in India? What was the impact of these policies ?
Answer: The main focus of the economic policies pursued by the colonial government was to make India a mere supplier of Britain’s own flourishing industrial base. The policies were concerned mainly with the fortification and advancement for their home-country. The interests of the Indian economy were completely ignored. Such policies brought structural changes in the Indian economy by transforming it to a supplier of raw materials and consumer of finished products from Britain. 1 The impact of these policies is as follows : (i) Low economic development : Indian economy experienced very low level of economic development. The reason for such a low level of development was that the British government was more concerned with the promotion of economic interests of their home-country. Consequently, the colonial rule transformed India’s agriculture sector into a mere supplier of raw materials for the British Industries. This not only affected the production of the agricultural sector but also ruined the small manufacturing units like handicrafts and cotton industries. 1¼ (ii) Backwardness of Indian agriculture : Under the colonial rule, India was basically an agrarian economy employing nearly 75% of its population. The growth of the agriculture sector was meagre. This was due to the prevalence of various systems of land settlement, particularly Zamindari system. As a result of Zamindari system, burden of high revenues on the poor peasants took place which led India to face shortage of food grains. Therefore, Indian agriculture remained backward and primitive. (iii) De-industrialisation of Indian economy : India failed to develop a sound and strong industrial base during the colonial rule. The cause of deindustrialisation can be attributed to the downfall of India’s handicraft industry and the cause of bleak growth of modern industry was the lack of investment. On one hand, the British government imposed heavy tariffs on the export of Indian handicraft products and on the other hand, allowed free exports of Indian raw materials to Britain and free import of British products to India. As a result of heavy tariffs, the Indian exports became costlier and its demand in the International market fell drastically that led to the collapse of Indian handicraft industries. Simultaneously, the demand for the handicrafts products also fell in the domestic markets due to stiff competition. As a result, the domestic industries lacked investment and growth initiatives.
(iv) Regression in foreign trade : During the colonial rule, the British government had the monopoly power over India’s foreign trade. The British government used the trade policy according to the interests of their home-country. The exports and imports transactions were restricted only to India and Britain. On one hand, the exports from India provided the cheap raw materials to the British industries and on the other hand, India’s imports from Britain provided a new market for Britain’s products. Moreover, the surplus generated from foreign trade was not invested in the Indian economy, instead it was used for administrative and war purpose by Britain to spread their colonial power.
Question. The traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under the British rule. Do you agree with this view? Give reasons in support of your answer.
Answer: Yes, I agree with the given statement that the traditional handicrafts industries were ruined under British rule. Even as the country’s world famous handicraft industries declined, no corresponding modern industrial base was allowed to come up to take pride of place so long enjoyed by the former.
The following are the reasons in favour of the statement : (i) De-industrialisation— The primary motive of the colonial government behind this policy of systematically de-industrialising India was two-fold, which is described as follows : (a) To reduce India to the status of a mere exporter of important raw materials for the upcoming modern industries in Britain. (b) To turn India into a sprawling market for the finished products of modern industries so that their continued expansion could be ensured to the maximum advantage of their home country i.e., Britain. (ii) Capital Goods Industries were Lacking— The policy of Britishers was simply to develop those industries which would never be competitive to the British industry. They always wanted Indians to be dependent on Britain for the supply of capital goods and heavy equipment. Thus, the development of a few consumer goods industries were witnessed during the British rule.
Question. Highlight the salient features of India’s pre-independence occupational structure.
Answer: The occupational structure, refers to the distribution of population working in different sectors. It showed no variation throughout the British rule. The following are the salient features of India’s pre-independence occupational structure : (i) Predominance of Agriculture— Under the colonial rule, India was basically an agrarian economy, with nearly 75% of its workforce engaged directly or indirectly in agriculture. Due to massive poverty and widespread illiteracy during the colonial rule, a large proportion of the population was engaged in farming and related activities to earn their subsistence. But agricultural sector suffered from low productivity. (ii) Lack of Opportunities in Industry— Only a small proportion of population was employed in manufacturing sector. Nearly 10% of the total workforce was engaged in manufacturing and industrial sector. This was due to the stiff competition that the Indian industries faced from the machine made cheap goods from Britain. Further, the lack of investment initiatives and the unfavourable tariff structure constrained industrial sector. Thus, the Indian industrial sector failed to provide significant employment opportunities. (iii) Unequal Distribution Among Sectors— The three sectors of Indian economy, i.e., agricultural, industrial and service sector were unequal in terms of occupational structure. While the agricultural sector employed majority of the workforce, the other two sectors were not contributing much to employment, with 10% of the workforce in industries and 15-20% in service sector. (iv) Regional Imbalance— There was regional variation in the occupational structure of India. On
one hand, the Madras Presidency (comprising of present day states of Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Kerala and Karnataka), Bombay and Bengal experienced a fall in the agricultural workforce and increase in occupational share of manufacturing and services. On the other hand, states like Orissa, Rajasthan and Punjab experienced a rise in the agricultural workforce.
Question. What are the causes of limited success of planning in India ?
Answer: Main causes responsible for little success of planning in India are : (i) Inappropriate Development Strategy— India adopted heavy industry centred development strategy with the hope to accelerate the pace of development. But neither the rate of development nor employment could increase. (ii) Slow Progress of Industrial Sector— Industrial progress was slow due to power shortage, irregular and insufficient supply of raw materials, lack of capital and infrastructural facilities, etc. (iii) Traditional Social Structure— It was because of India’s traditional social structure, fruits of planning could not reach to the weaker sections of the society because of the caste system, dowry system, etc. Mobility of labour, inducement to save and invest, work incentives, etc., have been greatly hurt. Family planning could not succeed because of traditional social outlook.
Question. Briefly explain the goals of five year plans.
Answer: Goals/Objectives of five years plans :
(i) Modernisation : It refers to adoption of new technology, new methods of production and changes in social outlook. For example, adoption of high yielding variety of seed, new methods of irrigation, gender empowerment, etc.
(ii) Self-reliance : Self reliance means reducing dependence on imports of those goods which can be produced within the country. Self reliance objectives of Indian Five Year Plans were:
(a) Self-sufficiency in food grains;
(b) Fall in foreign aid and increase in dependency on domestic product;
(c) Increasing the share of industries in GDP.
(iii) Growth : it refers to increase in country’s capacity to produce the output of goods and services within the country. It implies either a large stock of productive capital, or a large size of supporting services like transport and banking or increase in the efficiency of productive capital and services. The indicator of economic growth is GDP. GDP is the market value of all goods and services produced in the country in one year. The contribution made by each sector of an economy gives the structural composition of economy. (iv) Equity : Equity refers to reduction in inequality of income, uplifting weaker sections of the society and a more even distribution of economic power. A country can have high growth, the most modern technology and also have most of its people living in poverty. So, it was also one of the objectives of five year plan that every Indian should be able to meet his or her basic needs such as food, a decent house, education and health care and inequality in the distribution of wealth should be reduced.
Question. Underscore some of India’s most crucial economic challenges on the eve of independence.
Answer: The Indian economy was a backward economy. At the country’s eve of independence, over 75% of the population was engaged in agriculture sector. There were not many industries and capital was mostly invested by foreigners. There was a complete absence of any infrastructure for imparting knowledge on technical skills to the labourers. The following statistics reveal the extent of backwardness in the economy : (i) Per capita income was low. It was ₹ 1,274 in 1950-51 at 1980-81 prices. (ii) Large scale unemployment and under employment existed. (iii) Mass illiteracy with literates forming only 17% of the total population excluding children below 10 years. For rural areas, this percentage was even lower.
(iv) The birth rate and death rate were both high. With the decline in the death rate after 1920s-30s, the growth rate of population increased.
Question. Explain any four positive contribution made by Britishers in India.
Answer: Positive contributions of British Rule : British Rule had some positive effects on Indian economy. They are discussed as under : (1) Self-sufficiency in food grain production : Commercialization of agriculture initiated by British Government resulted in self-sufficiency in food grain production. (2) Better means of Transportation : Development of roads and railways provided cheap and rapid transport system and opened up new opportunities of economic and social growth. (3) Check on Famines : Roads and railways worked as a great check on the occurrence and impact of famines as food supplies could be transported to the affected areas in case of droughts. (4) Shift to Monetary Economy : British rule helped Indian economy to shift from barter system of exchange (exchange of good for goods) to monetary system of exchange. (5) Effective Administrative setup : The British Government had an efficient administration system, which served as a ready reckoner for Indian politicians.
Question. Does modernization as a planning objective create contradiction in the light of employment generation ? Explain.
Answer: No, modernization as a planning objective does not contradict employment generation rather modernization and employment generation share a positive relationship in the long run. Modernization refers to the use of new and modern technology in the production process. This may make some people lose their jobs in the initial stages. But gradually, the use of modern technology and input will raise the productivity and consequently, the income of the people that will further raise the demand for goods and services. In order to fulfil this increased demand, more production output will be required and there will be more job opportunities that will lead to higher employment in the economy. Even in short run, modernization leads to creation of employment opportunities for skilled workers and if proper training and vocational education is provided, it will lead to better employment in terms of quality of work and earnings. Hence, both modernization and employment generation are not contradictory but are complementary to each other.
Please click on below link to download CBSE Class 12 Economics Indian Economy Worksheet Set B
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CBSE Class 12 Economics Indian Economy Worksheet Set A |
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CBSE Class 11 Economics Rural Development Worksheet |
CBSE Class 12 Economics Introduction To Microeconomics Worksheet |
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CBSE Class 12 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 Worksheet
The above practice worksheet for Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 has been designed as per the current syllabus for Class 12 Economics released by CBSE. Students studying in Class 12 can easily download in Pdf format and practice the questions and answers given in the above practice worksheet for Class 12 Economics on a daily basis. All the latest practice worksheets with solutions have been developed for Economics by referring to the most important and regularly asked topics that the students should learn and practice to get better scores in their examinations. Studiestoday is the best portal for Printable Worksheets for Class 12 Economics students to get all the latest study material free of cost.
Worksheet for Economics CBSE Class 12 Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990
Teachers of studiestoday have referred to the NCERT book for Class 12 Economics to develop the Economics Class 12 worksheet. If you download the practice worksheet for the above chapter daily, you will get better scores in Class 12 exams this year as you will have stronger concepts. Daily questions practice of Economics printable worksheet and its study material will help students to have a stronger understanding of all concepts and also make them experts on all scoring topics. You can easily download and save all revision Worksheets for Class 12 Economics also from www.studiestoday.com without paying anything in Pdf format. After solving the questions given in the practice sheet which have been developed as per the latest course books also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Economics designed by our teachers
Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 worksheet Economics CBSE Class 12
All practice paper sheet given above for Class 12 Economics have been made as per the latest syllabus and books issued for the current academic year. The students of Class 12 can be assured that the answers have been also provided by our teachers for all test paper of Economics so that you are able to solve the problems and then compare your answers with the solutions provided by us. We have also provided a lot of MCQ questions for Class 12 Economics in the worksheet so that you can solve questions relating to all topics given in each chapter. All study material for Class 12 Economics students have been given on studiestoday.
Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 CBSE Class 12 Economics Worksheet
Regular printable worksheet practice helps to gain more practice in solving questions to obtain a more comprehensive understanding of Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 concepts. Practice worksheets play an important role in developing an understanding of Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 in CBSE Class 12. Students can download and save or print all the printable worksheets, assignments, and practice sheets of the above chapter in Class 12 Economics in Pdf format from studiestoday. You can print or read them online on your computer or mobile or any other device. After solving these you should also refer to Class 12 Economics MCQ Test for the same chapter.
Worksheet for CBSE Economics Class 12 Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990
CBSE Class 12 Economics best textbooks have been used for writing the problems given in the above worksheet. If you have tests coming up then you should revise all concepts relating to Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 and then take out a print of the above practice sheet and attempt all problems. We have also provided a lot of other Worksheets for Class 12 Economics which you can use to further make yourself better in Economics
You can download the CBSE Practice worksheets for Class 12 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 for the latest session from StudiesToday.com
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Regular revision of practice worksheets given on studiestoday for Class 12 subject Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 can help you to score better marks in exams
Yes, studiestoday.com provides all the latest Class 12 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 test practice sheets with answers based on the latest books for the current academic session
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Yes, practice worksheets for Class 12 Economics Indian Economic Development Chapter 2 Indian Economy 1950-1990 are available in multiple languages, including English, Hindi