CBSE Class 11 Economics Comparative Development Experiences Of India A Comparison With Neighbors

Question. The Great Leap Forward campaign in China focused on___________.
(a) widespread industrialisation
(b) new agricultural strategy
(c) privatisation
(d) economic reforms
Answer. A

Question. Growth rate of population is highest in which of the following country?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) None of these
Answer.  C

Question. Reform process was started in China in ___________.
(a) 1968
(b) 1978
(c) 1988
(d) 1991
Answer. B

Question. With which of the following concepts is commune system associated?
(a) Industrialisation
(b) Human rights
(c) SEZs
(d) Equal distribution of land
Answer. D

Question. Which of the following is not an indicator of human development?
(a) Density of population
(b) GDP per capita
(c) Literacy rate
(d) Life expectancy at birth
Answer. A

Question. When did China announce its first five-year plan?
(a) 1951
(b) 1956
(c) 1953
(d) 1961
Answer.  C

Question. Which of the following countries ranks first in the development experience?
(a) India
(b) China
(c) Pakistan
(d) None of these
Answer.  B

Question. Which of the following countries has introduced one-child norm?
(a) China
(b) India
(c) Pakistan
(d) Bangladesh
Answer.  A

Question. Pakistan became independent in
(a) 1946
(b) 1944
(c) 1947
(d) 1945
Answer.  C

Question. Great leap forward campaign was initiated in China in______
(a) 1978
(b) 1968
(c) 1948
(d) 1958
Answer. D

Question. China moving ahead of India and Pakistan is true for which indicator?
(a) GDP per capita
(b) Proportion of population below poverty line
(c) HDI ranking
(d) All the above
Answer. D

Question. Which of the following observations highlight the common success story of India and Pakistan?
(a) Both have succeeded in more than doubling their per capita incomes
(b) Food production has failed to keep pace with the rise in populatio
(c) Food sufficiency has been accompanied with improved nutritional status
(d) Both (a) and (c)
Answer. D

Question. To analyse a comparative performance of the economies of India, China and Pakistan, which of the following is the correct?
(a) China achieved a breakthrough in GDP growth in early 1980s.
(b) With New Economic Policy (NEP) in place, India experienced a rebound in its GDP growth.
(c) Economic reforms in Pakistan were almost similar to that in India
(d) All of these
Answer. D

Question. With respect to ‘Statism’ as a model of growth adopted by China, choose the correct statement.
(a) Ownership of all resources vested with the state
(b) The private sector was the deciding authority with respect to what to produce, how to produce and for whom to produce
(c) State was to maintain the population
(d) None of these
Answer. A

Question. Public sector was assigned a key role in the process of growth in India and Pakistan because:
(a) both the economies needed a big push of investment
(b) partition of the country had rendered both of them as laggard economies
(c) both (a) and (b)
(d) none of these
Answer. C

Question. After independence, both India and Pakistan relied upon:
(a) ‘mixed-economy’ as the strategy of growth
(b) ‘capitalism’ as the strategy of growth
(c) ‘socialism’ as the strategy of growth
(d) ‘free economy’ as the strategy of growth
Answer. A

CBSE Class 11 Economics Comparative Development Experiences Of India A Comparison With Neighbors Fill in the blanks 

Question. After independence, Pakistan adopted _____________model of growth. (mixed-economy/socialist-economy)
Answer.  Mixed-economy

Question. China has recently started moving towards a _________ (Democratic/Dictatorship).
Answer. Democratic

Question. People’s Republic of China was established in__________ (1948/1949)
Answer. 1949

Question. In India and Pakistan, the service sector accounts for more than _______(50/25) per cent of GDP.
Answer. 50

Question. In order to attract foreign investors___________ (ACJs/ SEZs) were set up.
Answer. SEZs

Question. India announced its First Five Year Plan in________ (1951/1956).
Answer. 1951

Question. (a) First Five Year Plan of ________________ commenced in the year 1956. (Pakistan/China)
Answer. Pakistan

Question. Maternal mortality rate is high in _____________. (China/Pakistan)
Answer. Pakistan

Question. Proportion of people below poverty line is more in __________.(India/Pakistan)
Answer. India

Question. Reforms in ______________ were introduced in 1978. (China/Pakistan)
Answer. China

Question. China adopted __________as a model of growth. (statism/socialism)
Answer. Statism

Question. High GDP growth has led to a serious challenge of sustainable development due to the problem of environmental degradation in_______ (China/Pakistan).
Answer. China

Question. Owing to slow GDP growth , and consequently the low level of income,_________economy has moved into a ‘low-income-low-growth’ trap. (India’s/Pakistan’s)
Answer. Pakistan’s

Question.The relative success of China is credited to ________stability in China. (social/political)
Answer. Political 

Question. Choose the correct alternative showing chronological order of the following events:
(i) One child policy in China (ii) Economic reforms in Pakistan (iii) New Economic Policy (NEP) in India (iv)Commune system in agriculture in China Alternatives:
(a) (ii), (iv), (iii), (i)
(b) (iv), (ii), (i), (iii)
(c) (ii), (iv), (i), (iii)
(d) (iv), (i), (ii), (iii)
Answer. (d)—(iv), (i), (ii), (iii)

CBSE Class 11 Economics Comparative Development Experiences Of India A Comparison With Neighbors True/False

Question. The Great Leap Forward campaign was launched in Pakistan.
Answer. False. The Great Leap Forward campaign was launched in China.

Question. China has the highest life expectancy.
Answer.  True. China has the highest life expectancy of 71.6 years.

Question. In both India and Pakistan, the service sector is emerging as a major player of development.
Answer. True. In the 1980s, India, China and Pakistan employed 17,12 and 27 percent of its workforce in the service sector respectively.

Question. All the three countries China, India and Pakistan relied on public sector as the core sector of the economy.
Answer. True. They all relied on Public Sector

Question. China received financial support from western nations.
Answer. False.

Question. In all the three economies, the industry and service sectors have less proportion of workforce but contribute more in terms of output.
Answer. True.

Question. Economic reforms in Pakistan were different from those undertaken in India.
Answer. False

Question. Availability of cheap labour force has given China a comparative cost advantage.
Answer. True

Question. India and Pakistan adopted similar strategies for social and economic development.
Answer. True

Question. China’s growth is mainly contributed by the industrial sector and India’s growth by service sector.
Answer. True

CBSE Class 11 Economics Comparative Development Experiences Of India A Comparison With Neighbors Answer the following questions

Question. Mention some examples of regional and economic groupings.
Answer. SAARC, ASEAN, European Union (EU), G8 etc.

Question. When were reforms introduced in all the three economies?
Answer. Reforms in China were introduced in 1978, in Pakistan in 1988 and India in 1991.

Question. In which country, the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution was introduced?
Answer. China

Question. Name any two indicators of human development.
Answer. i) Life expectancy at birth ii) Per Capita GDP (PPP) in US $

Question. Name any two indicators of comparative development.
Answer. i) Growth ii) Human Development 

COMPARATIVE DEVELOPMENT EXPERIENCES OF INDIA A COMPARISON WITH NEIGHBOURS

Very Short Answer Questions - 1 Mark Each

1. Give two examples for regional and economic groupings in the world. [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. SAARC (South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation).
2. European Union or ASEAN.

Teacher's Note:
a) Regional groupings help nations foster trade and mutual cooperation.
b) Mention prominent international trade blocs to score full marks.

2. What is a commune? [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. A commune is a collective farming system where people pooled their resources and cultivated land together.
2. This system was widely implemented in China under the Great Leap Forward campaign.

Teacher's Note:
a) Communes were central to China's early collectivization drive.
b) Understand the historical context of agricultural reforms in China.

3. What is the basic feature of the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of China? [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. Students and professionals were sent to rural areas to learn from the masses.
2. It aimed to purge capitalist and traditional elements from Chinese society.

Teacher's Note:
a) Launched by Mao Zedong in 1966.
b) Focus on the ideological transformation aspect of the revolution.

4. In which year did the Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution of China started? [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. The Great Proletarian Cultural Revolution started in 1966.

Teacher's Note:
a) Direct factual question requiring precise chronology.
b) Remember key milestone years in the economic history of China.

5. Define liberty indicator. [1 Mark]

Answer:
1. Liberty indicator measures the extent of demographic freedom and civil liberties enjoyed by citizens.
2. It includes indices of participation in decision-making and constitutional rights.

Teacher's Note:
a) It forms part of the expanded human development assessments.
b) Note that quantifying liberty remains a complex socio-political task.

Short Answer Questions - 3/4 Marks Each

1. Compare the GDP and its growth rate of India China and Pakistan during the reform period. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. China maintained a double-digit GDP growth rate for a long period due to early structural reforms.
2. India recorded moderate growth, accelerating significantly only after initiating economic reforms in 1991.
3. Pakistan experienced a deceleration in GDP growth due to political instability and macroeconomic imbalances.

Teacher's Note:
a) Highlight China's superior economic performance.
b) Compare growth trajectories across the three nations.
c) Mention the specific reform timelines for each country.

2. Give a brief account on distribution of work force in various sectors in China, India and Pakistan. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Agriculture remains the major employer in India and Pakistan, absorbing a large share of the workforce.
2. In China, a significant proportion of the workforce has shifted towards manufacturing and service sectors.
3. Pakistan and India show a slower structural transformation compared to China in terms of employment shifting away from agriculture.

Teacher's Note:
a) Focus on sectoral distribution patterns.
b) Contrast China's industrial shift with South Asian agrarian dependence.
c) Link workforce distribution directly to sectoral GDP contributions.

3. Compare the demographic indicators of India, China and Pakistan. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. China has the largest population, followed closely by India, while Pakistan is much smaller in population size.
2. China successfully controlled population growth through the one-child policy, resulting in a low growth rate.
3. India and Pakistan have higher population growth rates and skewed sex ratios due to son preference.

Teacher's Note:
a) Compare population size, density, and growth rates.
b) Mention the demographic impact of China's one-child policy.
c) Highlight the challenges of high dependency ratios in India and Pakistan.

4. Evaluate the various reform measures that lead to rapid growth in economic development of China. [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. China introduced reforms in phases, starting with agriculture in 1978 through the commune system dismantling.
2. Foreign trade and investment were encouraged by setting up Special Economic Zones to attract FDI.
3. State-owned enterprises faced decentralization and market competition, boosting industrial efficiency.
4. Dual pricing systems allowed private markets to function alongside state-controlled allocations.

Teacher's Note:
a) Outline the phased approach of Chinese economic reforms.
b) Emphasize the role of Special Economic Zones.
c) Contrast the gradualist Chinese reform model with the rapid liberalization in other nations.
d) Connect structural changes directly to sustained high GDP growth rates.

5. Discuss the effect of the reform process in Pakistan. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. Pakistan initiated economic reforms in the late 1980s, focusing on deregulation and privatization.
2. Initially, the country witnessed a reasonable growth rate in GDP and a reduction in poverty levels.
3. However, reliance on foreign loans, political instability, and agricultural dependency led to macroeconomic crises.

Teacher's Note:
a) Detail Pakistan's reform strategy features.
b) Explain the mixed outcomes of deregulation.
c) Highlight current structural vulnerabilities in Pakistan's economy.

6. Compare the sectoral share of employment and percentage of GDP by India, Pakistan and China [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. In China, manufacturing and services contribute the major share of GDP and employ a large workforce.
2. In India, the service sector generates the highest share of GDP, but agriculture still employs the maximum workforce.
3. Pakistan shows similar trends to India, with the service sector leading GDP contribution and agriculture dominating employment.

Teacher's Note:
a) Analyze the mismatch between employment share and GDP share.
b) Contrast China's industrialization with India's service-led growth.
c) Use comparative data insights effectively.

Long Answer Questions - 6 Marks Each

1. Discuss the similarities between the development strategies of India, China and Pakistan. [6 Marks]

Answer:
1. All three nations started their developmental path around the same time - India and Pakistan in 1947, and China in 1949.
2. They all adopted a centrally planned development model where the state played a vital role in economic activities.
3. Public sector enterprises were given primary responsibility for industrialization and infrastructure development.
4. All three initially relied heavily on the agricultural sector for employment and livelihood generation.
5. Each nation eventually realized the limitations of state control and embarked on economic reforms and liberalization.
6. They all faced common socio-economic challenges such as poverty, unemployment, and population pressure.

Teacher's Note:
a) Structure the answer chronologically and thematic-wise.
b) Highlight the shared heritage of state-led planning.
c) Connect early similarities to later divergent economic outcomes.
d) Ensure all six points cover distinct developmental strategy parallels.

2. What are the major indicators of human development index? Give a comparative study of India, China and Pakistan based on these indicators. [6 Marks]

Answer:
1. The major indicators of HDI include life expectancy, adult literacy rate, and GDP per capita.
2. China outperforms both India and Pakistan across nearly all human development indicators due to higher social sector investments.
3. India holds a moderate position, performing better than Pakistan in several health and educational indices.
4. Pakistan lags behind both nations in literacy rates, sanitation access, and maternal mortality reduction.
5. China's earlier focus on basic health and education infrastructure paid rich dividends in human capital formation.
6. Income inequalities and demographic pressures continue to impact HDI rankings across all three countries.

Teacher's Note:
a) Define HDI components clearly before doing the comparison.
b) Rank the three nations accurately based on recent developmental data.
c) Emphasize the importance of social infrastructure.
d) Discuss the policy implications of low human development indicators in South Asia.

3. Critically evaluate the development policies followed by China and Pakistan. [6 Marks]

Answer:
1. China's policies focused on aggressive agrarian reforms, massive state investment in infrastructure, and gradual export-led industrialization.
2. The establishment of Special Economic Zones successfully attracted foreign direct investment and spurred rapid economic transformation in China.
3. However, China's rigid political controls and environmental degradation are major criticisms of its development model.
4. Pakistan adopted import substitution policies followed by delayed structural reforms, leading to high fiscal deficits.
5. Political instability and over-reliance on foreign debt hindered sustainable long-term economic growth in Pakistan.
6. A critical evaluation reveals that China's gradualist market-oriented approach yielded sustainable growth, whereas Pakistan's inconsistent policies created macroeconomic vulnerabilities.

Teacher's Note:
a) Balance the critique by evaluating both positive achievements and policy failures.
b) Contrast China's export-oriented success with Pakistan's structural bottlenecks.
c) Include environmental and political governance dimensions.
d) Conclude with a clear comparative summary.

NCERT text book questions:

1. Mention the salient demographic indicators of China, Pakistan and India. [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. China has the largest population size, followed by India and Pakistan.
2. Population growth rate is lowest in China due to strict population control policies.
3. India and Pakistan exhibit higher fertility rates and skewed sex ratios.

Teacher's Note:
a) Cite standard demographic parameters.
b) Focus on population growth differentials.
c) Mention density and urbanization trends briefly.

2. Compare and contrast India and China’s sectoral contribution towards GDP in 2003. What does it indicate? [3 Marks]

Answer:
1. In China, industry and manufacturing contributed the largest share to GDP, followed by the service sector.
2. In India, the service sector emerged as the dominant contributor to GDP, bypassing agriculture and industry.
3. This indicates that China followed a traditional path of industrialization, whereas India leapfrogged directly into service-led growth.

Teacher's Note:
a) Contrast industrial contribution versus service sector dominance.
b) Explain the structural transformation significance.
c) Highlight the unique nature of India's growth pattern.

3. Compare and contrast the development of India, China and Pakistan with respect to some salient human development indicators. [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. China ranks highest among the three in terms of life expectancy, literacy, and overall HDI score.
2. India performs moderately, showing improvements in GDP per capita and health facilities but lagging in literacy.
3. Pakistan trails behind in key human development metrics, particularly female literacy and sanitation.
4. Higher public expenditure on social infrastructure is the primary reason for China's superior human development outcomes.

Teacher's Note:
a) Compare specific human development metrics.
b) Emphasize the gap between economic growth and human development.
c) Point out the policy lessons from China's social sector investments.
d) Reference standard UN Human Development Report benchmarks.

4. Evaluate the various factors that led to the rapid growth in economic development in China. [4 Marks]

Answer:
1. Decentralization of economic decision-making empowered local regions and communes to set up industries.
2. The introduction of the dual-pricing system allowed market forces to operate alongside state planning.
3. Creation of Special Economic Zones attracted massive inflows of foreign direct investment and modern technology.
4. Early emphasis on universal health and education ensured a healthy and productive workforce for industrialization.

Teacher's Note:
a) Enumerate key structural reform pillars in China.
b) Highlight the role of foreign direct investment and export promotion.
c) Connect human capital foundation to rapid industrialization.
d) Assess the success of China's gradual market transition model.