CBSE Class 11 Economics Collection of Data Assignment

Collection of Data

* For statistical investigation, collection of data is the first and foremost.

Important points to be kept in mind While drafting the questionnaire

A. Introduction and purpose of investigation.

B. Reasonable number of questions.

C. Questions should be small & clear.

D. Questions should be arranged logically.

E. Instructions should be clear.

F. Proper space for answer.

G. Questions should be relevant to the investigation.

H. Personal questions should be avoided.

I. Avoid questions of calculations.

Methods of Sampling

Random Sampling Non-Random Sampling

a. Simple or unrestricted a. Judgement sampling random sampling

b. Restricted random sampling b. Quota sampling

i) Stratified c- convenience sampling

ii) systematic

iii) multistage or cluster sampling.

* Census survey : In this method every element of population is included in the investigation.

* Sample Survey : In this method a group of units respresenting all the units of the population is investigated.

* Population or universe : In statistics population or universe simply refers to an aggregate of items to be studied for an investigation.

*Sample : A group of items taken from the population for investigation and representative of all the items.

* Sampling Errors : Sampling error is the difference between the result of studying a sample and the result of the census of the whole population

* Non - Sampling Error : Can occur in and type of survey wheather it be a census or sample survey.

Sampling errors Non sampling errors

1. Biased errors 1. Error in data acquisition

2. unbiased errors 2. Non. response error

3. Measurement error

* Pilot survey : Before sending the questionnaire to the in formants, it should be pre-tested. As a result of its shortcomings if any, can
be removed. Such pre-testing named as “Pilot survey”.

* Primary data : Data originally callected in the process of investigation are known as primary data.

* Secondary data : Which have been collected for some other purpose by some other agency are called secondary data.
Census of India and National Sample survey Organisation

* The census of India provides the most complete and continuous demographic records of population.

* The NSSO was established by the Govt. of India to conduct nation wide survey on socio-economic issues like employment literacy,
maternity, child care utilisation of public distribution system etc.

* The data collected by NSSO survey are released through reports and its quarterly journal “Sarvekshana”.

Question. The diagnostic centres which collect blood of a patient to test is an example of
(a) sample method
(b) census method
(c) diagnostic method
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. The method of collecting data which considers all units of the universe is known as ……… .
(a) Census method
(b) Sample method
(c) Both (a) and (b)
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. Exit polls are an example of ……… method of collecting data.
(a) census
(b) sampling
(c) investigation
(d) None of these
Answer : B

Question. Data collected on religion from census report is an example of ……… .
(a) sample data
(b) primary data
(c) secondary data
(d) Both (a) and (b)
Answer : C

Question. Secondary data is available only from external sources. Choose from the options below.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Partially true
(d) Incomplete statement
Answer : A

Question. Lottery method is used under
(a) random sampling
(b) quota sampling
(c) purposive sampling
(d) judgement sampling
Answer : A

Question. Which of the following method is less time consuming?
(a) Telephonic interview
(b) Mailed questionnaire
(c) Indirect oral investigation
(d) None of the above
Answer : A

Question. Under which of the following method, population is divided into small groups and then data is collected at random from each group?
(a) Stratified sampling
(b) Cluster sampling
(c) Judgement sampling
(d) None of these
Answer : A

Question. An investigator can take help of trained professional to collect which of the following data?
(a) Internal Data
(b) Primary Data
(c) Secondary Data (d) All of these
Answer : B

Question. In random sampling
(a) Cost involved is high
(b) Sample is biased
(c) Each unit has an equal probability of being selected
(d) All of the above
Answer : C

Question. Which of the following is/are type (s) of restricted random sampling method?
(a) Stratified sampling
(b) Systematic sampling
(c) Multi-stage sampling
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. Systematic sampling can also be referred to as quasi-random sampling.
Choose from the options below.
(a) True
(b) False
(c) Partially true
(d) Incomplete statement
Answer : A

Question. Which of the following is/are type(s) of non-random sampling?
(a) Judgement sampling
(b) Convenience sampling
(c) Quota sampling
(d) All of the above
Answer : D

Question. A company tests few bulbs to predict about the life span of bulbs manufactured. It is an example of …… .
(a) random sampling
(b) judgement sampling
(c) convenience sampling
(d) None of the above
Answer : A

Question. Which of the following is/are true about census method?
(i) Census is suitable in case of both homogeneous and heterogeneous data (ii) Census method conducts an extensive study of population
(iii) Census method is non-economical (iv) Census method is useful even with vast area of investigation
Choose from the options below.
(a) (i) and (iii)
(b) (ii) and (iv)
(c) (ii) and (iii)
(d) (iii) and (iv)
Answer : C

Assertion-Reasoning MCQs

Direction (Q.Nos. 56 to 60) There are two statements marked as Assertion (A) and Reason (R). Read the statements and choose the appropriate option from the options given below
(a) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true and Reason (R) is the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(b) Both Assertion (A) and Reason (R) are true, but Reason (R) is not the correct explanation of Assertion (A)
(c) Assertion (A) is true, but Reason (R) is false
(d) Both are false

Question. Assertion (A) No method of collecting primary data is free from personal prejudices.
Reason (R) Chances of errors increases when the investigator is not trained.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A) Census method of conducting survey includes each and every item of the universe.
Reason (R) Samples are the representatives of the groups of homogeneous data.
Answer : B

Question. Assertion (A) Collection of secondary data need more efforts than primary data.
Reason (R) Secondary sources of information are less reliable as compared to primary sources.
Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A) As the sample size increases, variable tends to become close to census values.
Reason (R) Samples are always collected from different groups of heterogeneous data randomly.
Answer : C

Question. Assertion (A) Internal sources of data are narrow ended.
Reason (R) Data primarily collected within the organisation has limited scope.
Answer : A

CASE STUDY 

Statistics does not recognise individual items. Consider the statement, “the weight of Mr X in the college is 70 KG”. This statement does not constitute statistical data. Statistical methods are not going to investigate anything about this statement. Whereas, if the weights of all the students of the college are given, statistical methods may be applied to analyse that data.
Statistics is both a science and an art. It is systematic and finds applications in studying problems in economics, business, astronomy, physics, medicine etc. Statistical methods are sophisticated in nature. Everyone is not expected to possess the intelligence required to understand and to apply these methods to practical problems. This is the job of an expert, who is well-versed with statistical methods.

Question. Statistical laws are universal. True/ False
Answer : False

Question. The average marks scored by Mohan in mathematics is not a statistics. True/False
Answer : True

Choose correct answer:

Question. Statistics are:
(A) Aggregate of facts
(B) Numerically expressed
(C) Collected for a pre-deter mind purpose
(D) All of these
Answer : D

Question. Statistics is:
(A) Science
(B) Arts
(C) A and B both
(D) None of these
Answer : C

One mark questions

Question. What do you mean by primary data.
Answer: Primary data are original data which are collected by investigator himself or by enumeraters deployed by the investigator for specified purpose

Question. Give the meaning of secondary data.
Answer: The data which are obtained by the investigator/ enumeraters from some one else records and were collected for some other purpose.

Question. Write the meaning of population in statistics.
Answer: In statistics population or universe simply refers to an aggregate of items to be studies for an investigation.

Question. Define sample.
Answer: Sample is a group of items taken from the population for investigation and representative of all the items or universe.

Question. What is sampling error?
Answer: sampling error is the difference between the result of studying a sample and the result of the census of the whole population.

Question. What are non-sampling errors?
Answer: Non sampling errors can occur is any type of survey wheather it be a census or sample survey such as measurement errors.

Question. Write the name of statistical method which is less expensive and time saving.
Answer: Sampling survey.

Question. Suppose there are 10 students in a class. Only three students to be selected out of them. How maney samples are possible.
Answer: To select the sample of 3 students out of 10 students we can use random sampling either by using random number table or lottery method. No. of possible sample is 120.

Question. Expand NSSO.
Answer: National sample survey organisation.