CBSE Class 11 Biology Transport in Plants Worksheet Set A

Very Short Answer Type Questions 

Question. Name the two waste products of the human body which are produced in the body cells.
Answer : Carbon dioxide and Urea

Question. What is the role of glomerulus in the kidney ?
Answer : The function of glomerulus is to filter the blood passing through it and initiate urine formation.

Question. What is the the other name of ‘high blood pressure’ ?
Answer : Hypertension

Question. Fill in the following blanks with suitable words :

(a) Gums and resins are the ................. products of plants.
Answer : waste

(b) Bowman’s capsule and tubule taken together make a...................
Answer : nephron

(c) The organs which extract the nitrogenous wastes from the blood are ..................
Answer : kidneys

(d) The extracellular fluid which always flows from body tissues to the heart is called..................
Answer : lymph

(e) The .................blood cells make antibodies whereas................. blood cells help in respiration.
Answer : white ; red

Short Answer Type Questions

Question. What is xylem tissue ? Name the two kinds of cells in xylem tissue. State whether these cells are living or dead.
Answer : Xylem tissue is a vascular tissue in plants which transports water and minerals from the roots to the leaves.It's movement is unidirectional. Now, Xylem tissue is composed of four components- Xylem vessels , tracheids, fibres and xylem parenchyma . Out of the four , barring xylem parenchyma, all the other cells are dead cells.

Question. What is phloem tissue ? Phloem contains two types of cells joined side by side. Name these two types of cells. State whether these cells are living or dead.
Answer : Phloem, also called bast tissues in plants that translocates food that is glucose polymerised into starch made in the leaves to all other parts of the plant. Now Phloem is composed of four specialized cells called sieve tubes, companion cells, phloem fibres, and phloem parenchyma.
In phloem vessels, the food is transported up and down the sieve tubes with the help of adjacent companion cells.

Question. (a) What is transpiration ?
(b) What do you mean by ‘translocation’ with respect to transport in plants ?
(c) Which plant tissue is involved in translocation : xylem or phloem ?
Answer : (a) The evaporation of water from the stomatal pores located on the leaves of the plant is called transpiration.
(b) The transport of food from the leaves to the other parts of the plant is called translocation.
(c) Phloem.

Question. Match the terms in column I with their uses in column II
   Column I               Column II
(i) Heart                     (a) Pipes for transport in humans
(ii) Arteries and Veins  (b) Clotting of blood
(iii) Xylem vessels       (c) Pumping organ
(iv) RBC                     (d) Water transport in plants
(v) Platelets                (e) Carrier of oxygen
Answer : (i) c (ii) a (iii) d (iv) e (v) b

Question. Define excretion. Name the excretory unit of a kidney.
Answer : Excretion is a biological process by which metabolic waste products and toxic materials are removed from the body of an organism.
excretory unit - nephron.

Question. (a) What job is done by the kidneys ?
(b) What do kidneys excrete ?
(c) What is the name of the tubes which connect the kidneys to bladder ?
(d) What does the bladder in our body do ?
Answer : (a) The kidneys remove the poisonous substances like urea, other waste salts and excess water from the blood in the form of yellowish liquid called urine.
(b) Urea.
(c) Ureters.
(d) Urinary bladder is a bag which stores the urine temporarily till it is excreted out.

Question. Why do some people need to use a dialysis machine ? What does the machine do ?
Answer : The people whose kidneys are not functioning properly will have to use the dialysis machine.
This machine acts as an artificial kidney to remove the toxic substances from the blood in order to help the person survive.
Some people need to use dialysis machine because one or both of their kidneys are failed
Kidneys filter the blood , and if , the blood is not filtered toxic substances will acculumate in our body and if these toxic substances are not not removed from our bloodstream we will die .

Question. What is the liquid part of the blood called ? What is the function of platelets in the blood ?
Answer : Blood: Blood is a fluid connective tissue of the body that is responsible for transporting oxygen and carbon dioxide gases from cells of the body.
It is composed of red blood cells, white blood cells, plasma, and platelets.
The liquid part of blood is called plasma, which is composed of salts, water, and proteins.

Functions of platelets in the blood: Platelets are a type of blood cell called thrombocytes that are responsible for clotting blood.
They also produce vasoconstrictors, which constrict blood vessels and cause vascular spasms in ruptured blood arteries.

Question. (a) How many types of blood vessels are there in the human body ? Name them.
(b) Why does the heart need valves ?
Answer : (a) There are three types of blood vessels in our body – arteries, veins and capillaries.
(b) Heart needs valves to prevent the backflow of blood so that the blood flows in one direction only.

Question. A dialysis machine contains long tubes coiled in a tank containing dialysing solution :
(i) Of what substance are the tubes made ?
(ii) What does the dialysing solution contain ?
(iii) Name the main waste which passes into the dialysing solution.
Answer : (i) Cellulose (ii) Water, glucose and salts in similar concentrations to those in normal blood (iii) Urea

Question. State the differences between artery, vein and capillary.
Answer : Artery -It is a blood vessel having a thick wall.
It carries blood from the heart to different parts of the body.
It doesn't contain any valve.

Vein - It is a blood vessel having a thin wall.
It brings blood from different parts of the body to the heart.
It contains valves that allow the blood to flow in one direction towards the heart.

Capillary - It is a very narrow blood vessel that has very thin walls.
It forms a network throughout the body in all living cells connecting arteries to veins.
it doesn't have any valve.

Question. (a) What are the upper parts of the heart called ?
(b) What are the lower parts of the heart called ?
(c) What is the name of blood vessels which connect arteries to veins ?
(d) (i) Which side of the heart pumps blood into the lungs ?
(ii) Which side of the heart pumps blood into entire body (except the lungs) ?
Answer : (a) Atria (b) Ventricles (c) Capillaries (d) (i) Right side (ii) Left side

Question. (a) What are the methods used by plants to get rid of their waste products ?
(b) How are waste products excreted in Amoeba ?
Answer : (a) Plants get rid of waste products by the following means:-
(i) Plants can get rid of excess water by transpiration and guttation.
(ii)Waste products may be stored in vacuoles or they may be stored in leaves which later fall off.
(iii)Gums, oils, latex, resins, saps are some waste products which are in parts of plants like barks, stems, leaves.
(iv)Some waste substance are be excreted in the soil.
(v) By- products can move out of the plants by diffusion through the stomata.
(vi) Plants get rid of the wastes by combining them with inorganic salts. The insoluble crystals are formed in the product. These crystals are harmless. They get deposited on the bark, dead wood, old leaves, etc of plants.

(b)
1) Special excretory organs are absent in unicellular organisms like amoeba.
2) Amoeba possesses osmoregulatory organelle called contractile vacuole.
3) It collects water and wastes from the body, swells up, reaches the surface and bursts to release its content to outside.
4) The main excretion takes place through body surface by simple diffusion.
5) The waste material carbon dioxide is removed by diffusion through the cell membrane.

Question. (a) What is lymph ? State two major functions of lymph.
(b) What is meant by saying that the blood pressure of a person is 120/80 ?
Answer : (a)(i) Lymph is a light yellow liquid which is unidirectional in it's flow.It's cellular part consists of only leukocytes and no blood platelets. It's non cellular part consists of water (94%) and the non-cellular part is composed of solids consisting of proteins, fats, carbohydrates, enzymes and antibodies (6%).
(ii) The two main functions of the lymph are as follows
(1) It drains away excess tissue fluid and metabolites , returns proteins to the blood from tissue spaces in addition to absorbing fats from the intestines through the lacteals.
(2) Lymphocytes and monocytes of the lymph function to defend the body by removing bacteria from the tissues, along with the lymph nodes. The antibodies it produces help to localise the infection and prevent it from spreading to the entire body for e.g.the tonsils.

(b) Blood pressure is the pressure which the blood flowing through the arteries exert on their walls. There are two limits of this pressure - the upper limit called the systolic pressure .It is with this pressure of 120mm of mercury that the oxygenated blood is pumped into the artery through ventricular contraction of the heart.
The lower limit called the diastolic pressure is the one that is felt in the arteries consequent to ventricular relaxation , when blood flows from the upper chambers into it.It is measured as 80mm of mercury.

Question. What is hypertension ? Why is it caused ? What harm can it do ?
Answer : When there is an increase in the blood pressure in the arteries, the condition is known as hypertension. The systolic pressure reaches to 140 and the diastolic pressure reaches to 90.
There are many causes which can result in the development of hypertension. The causes are stress, obesity, smoking, kidney problems, thyroid problems, genetic problems and an increase in the soil intake.
Preventive measures are a follows:
Reduction in the smoking and consumption of alcohol.
Reduction in the salt intake.
Healthy fruits and vegetables should be consumed.

Question. What are the various components of blood ? State their functions.
Answer : The main components of blood are:
(i) Plasma: It carries all the dissolved substances such as proteins, digested food, common salt etc from one part of the body to another part .
(ii) Red blood corpuscles (RBC): It carries oxygen from the lungs to all the cells of the body.
(iii) White blood corpuscles (WBC): It fights infection and protects us from diseases.
(iv) Platelets: It helps in the coagulation of blood in a cut or in a wound.