CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Psychology And Sports Notes

 

 

• Personality; its definition and types – Trait and Types (Sheldon and Jung Classification) and Big Five Theory

• Motivation, its type and techniques

• Exercise Adherence; Reasons to Exercise, Benefits of Exercise

• Strategies for Enhancing Adherence to Exercise

• Meaning, Concept and Types of Aggressions in Sports

 

 

At the end of the unit, students will be able to:

• classify different types of personality and its relationship with sport performance.

• recognise concept of motivation and identify various types of motivation.

• illustrate various strategies of motivation used in sports.

• various reasons to exercise and its associated benefits.

• identify strategies for promoting exercise adherence.

• differentiate types of aggression in sports

 

 

Read an excerpt from a leading newspaper regarding news for requirement of sports psychology in Indian Sports.

BCCI for hiring psychologists to arrest stress

TNN | Mar 11 NEW DELHI: The Indian Cricket Board has discussed plans to ask its state units to hire good sports psychologists who can help young players handle pressure better and ensure lesser drop-outs from the game. With India losing several talented Under-14 and Under-16 level players every year due to family and academics pressures, BCCI also wants to make the hiring of psychologists compulsory at state academies for age group players.According to a board official, “India is losing a lot of talent at the age-group levels, The stake-holders of the game are all concerned and they want a system in place to tackle this problem. It is common these days to see talented players leaving the game after one or two bad seasons. As you go higher, the talent pool is reduced. “This shouldn't happen,” thus the idea of hiring psychologist was discussed. adding that the cricket drop outs should stop at all levels.

 

https://timesofindia.indiatimes.com/sports/cricket/news/bcci-for-hiring-... 1/1

 

 

• What causes a person to persist or to give up?

• What is the person thinking and feeling while engaged in the activity?

• What can be the reasons for drop-out of talented athletes from sports?

• How can a Sports Psychologist help young players handle pressure better?

• Can different motivation techniques help athletes towards continued sports participation?

 

Present your ideas to the class

 

 

Reading the news clipping, did you wonder why a psychologist would be required to prevent athletes from dropping out, even though they have achieved success? Are we able to identify athletes who have the talent or skill to continue with sports participation but still lack the determination to continue in sports? If we were asked to analyse reasons why some sportspeople succeed despite all odds, surely, we will come up with adjectives like determined, persistent, courageous, dynamic, robust, etc. Is there something more which can be added to describe these athletes – eg., consistent or possessing a stable pattern of behaviour? Sports psychologists have tried to answer these by relating them with various theories of personality. Understanding personality has been an area of interest which is as old as our civilization. Even before the present day scientific and systematic research to explain personality developed, philosophers across the globe tried to analyse characteristics which were unique to an individual and why people differed in various ways. However, the concept of personality is still evolving and covers such a large range of phenomenon, that it is very difficult to include all the aspects of personality in one definition.

 

The word personality is derived from the Latin word persona, the mask used by actors in the Roman theatre for changing their appearance for performing in-front of their audience according to the given role. The actor performed as per the script or story wearing a particular mask. The audience also expected them to act in a particular manner on seeing the mask. However, it didn’t mean that the actors possessed the desired qualities of the character in themselves. Therefore, the concept of personality came to refer to an individual’s characteristic way of responding to other individuals and situations. When we observe people around us, we are able to describe their actions and responses to different

situations based on the combination of their individual thoughts, characteristics, behaviour,attitude, ideas and habits. We may represent them as shy, happy, courageous, aggressive etc. These characteristics are a representation of different components of personalities.Therefore, we can view personality as the relatively stable and unique characteristics of an individual across different situations and varied period of time.

 

Thus, Personality is a body of habits, traits, attitudes and ideas of an individual which are organized externally into roles and statuses. They relate internally to motivation, goals and various aspects of selfhood. In fact, personality is a composite total of all that a person is. It is the totality of one’s behaviour towards one’s own self as well as others and includes everything about the person, his/her physical, emotional, social, mental and spiritual makeup.In sports also, it is important to understand athletes and their unique and relatively stable characteristics in different situations and conditions. It is essential to know how a particular athlete responds to the situational demands of the training as well as competitions. No two athletes behave in a similar manner; they may behave differently in a common situation.Some athletes may not like to take a command from a coach but may respond positively towards acceptable alternatives like cooperative learning from coaches. Sports psychologist may also be interested to learn which type of people opt for a particular type of sports or exercise program. To understand this, let us overview personality from various approaches and theories propounded by eminent psychologists from across the world. These theories represent various contrasting views and perspectives on the origin and nature of human uniqueness. Each theory may have vast differences but offers wide range of insight that can add towards effective understanding of personality of an individual.

 

Personality, thus, can be defined as the characteristic set of behaviours, cognitions and emotional patterns that evolve from biological and environmental factors. It is the integration of those systems and habits that represent an individual’s characteristic adjustment to his environment. According to Robert A Baron, “Personality is an individual’s unique and relatively stable pattern of behaviour, thoughts and feelings.” Matt Jarvis (2006) in his book presented a general definition of personality offered by Pewin (1993) “Personality represents those structural and dynamic properties of an individual or individuals as they reflect themselves in characteristic responses to situations”. It is the integration of those systems and habits that represent an individual’s characteristic adjustment to his environment.”