CBSE Class 12 Physical Education Biomechanics And Sports Notes Set B

INTRODUCTION

• Biomechanics is the field in sport science that applies laws of mechanics and physics to human performance, in order to gain a greater understanding of performance in athletic events through modelling, simulation and measurement. It is also necessary to have a good understanding of the applications of the physics in sport, as principle of physics such as motion, resistance, momentum and friction have their application in most sporting events. The general role of biomechanics is to understand the mechanical cause-effect relationships that determine the motions of living organisms.

NEWTON’S LAWS OF MOTION AND THEIR APPLICATIONS IN SPORTS

• Law of Inertia : It is the first law of motion. According to this law, “ A body at rest will remain at rest and a body in motion will remain in motion at the same speed and in the same direction unless acted upon by an external force.” 

• ​​​​​​​Law of Acceleration : It is the second law of motion. According to this law, “ A change in acceleration of an object is directly proportional to the force producing it and inversely proportional to its mass.”
If two unequal forces are applied to the objects of equal mass, the object that has greater force applied will move faster. Conversely, if two equal forces are applied to objects of different masses, the higher mass will travel at faster speed.

• Law of Reaction : It is the third law of motion. According to this law, “ For every action there is an equal and opposite reaction.”

TYPES OF MOVEMENTS

• Types of Movements : These are of four types – Flexion, Extension, Abduction and Adduction.