CBSE Class 12 Geography Population Composition Worksheet

GIST OF THE LESSON:

PEOPLE ARE DIFFERENT IN DIFFERENT WAYS

• Age.

• Sex.

• Place of residence,

• Occupation,

• Education,

• Life expectancy

SEX COMPOSITION

The ratio between number of men and women is calledsex ratio.

Sex ratio = FEMALE POPULATION X 1000/MALE POPULATION

CAUSES FOR UNFAVORABLE SEX-RATIO IN THE COUNTRY

• Lower socio economic status

Female foeticide, female infanticide, domestic violence against women Discrimination

between male & female - Social customs.

NATURAL ADVANTAGES vs SOCIAL DISADVANTAGE OF WOMEN

They are more resilient, more resistant power, more patience.

• Sex ratio of the world is: 990 females/ 1000 males

• Latvia highest 1187 UAE lowest 468/1000males

• It is favorable in 139 countries

• Unfavorable in 72 countries

• Asia has low sex ratio Europe has highest

• Europe has better status of women

• Male dominated out migration

AGE STRUCTURE

• No. of people in different age groups.

• It is an important indicator of population Composition

• A large group of population is in age group of 15-59 years

• above 60 years population is called aging population, More expenditure on medical facilities

AGE- SEX PYRAMID
• Number of females and males in different age groups
• Population Pyramid is used to show age sex structure
• Left side male and right side female

TYPES OF AGE SEX PYRAMID I-EXPANDING POPULATION
1. Triangular shape,
2. Less developed/Developing countries,
3. Young population is more, ex. Bangladesh, Mexico, Nigeria
4. Broad base

II-CONSTANT POPULATION
1. A bell shaped
2. Birth and death rates are equal,
3. Examples Australia

III-DECLINING POPULATION
1. Narrow base,
2. Low birth and death,
3. Shows developed countries,
4. Growth is negative or zero examples Japan

RURAL -URBAN COMPOSITION
• It is based on residence
• They differ from each other
• The criteria for rural and urban varies from country to country
• Rural population mostly engaged in primary activities whereas urban other than primary activities
• Rural and urban composition of west European countries is different from African countries
• Sex ratio is also different in European countries than African countries
• In west European countries males are more in rural areas and females are more in urban areas in Asian countries female is more in rural areas
• In Asian countries female is less in urban areas due to shortage of housing, high cost of living, paucity of jobs, lack of security in cities

LITERACY
• Literacy indicated the socio economic development
• Standard of living
• Social status of women
• Availability of facilities
• Policies of government
• In India literate means: population above 7 years age who is able to read write and have  the ability to do arithmetic calculations with understanding.

OCCUPATIONAL STRUCTURE
The working population takes part in various occupations such as primary, secondary, tertiary, and quaternary activities. Each category refers to the level of economic development of the country. Developed countries only show the job opportunities more in secondary as well as in service sector while developing countries show more people engaged under primary activates.

One mark Questions.

Question. Which country has the highest sex ratio in the world?
Answer: Latvia (1187 females per 1000males)

Question. Which country has the lowest sex ratio in the world?
Answer: UAE (468 females per 1000 males)

Question. Which country has declining population pyramid?
Answer: Japan.

Three marks questions.

Question. State the factors which discourage women to migrate from rural to urban areas in India.
Answer: High female participation in farming activities in rural areas.
• Shortage of housing
• High cost of living in urban areas.
• Paucity of job opportunities.
• Lack of security in urban areas.
• Social constraints.

Question. List the factors influencing the literacy ratio.
Answer: (1) Level of economic development
(2) Urbanization
(3) Status of woman in society.
(4) Availability of education facilities.
(5) Govt policies.

Five marks question.

Question. What is Sex ratio? Why is Sex-ratio unfavorable to women in some countries of the world? Explain any four reasons.
Answer:Sex Ration = Female population /Male population X1000
Sex ratio – unfavourable to women – reasons are:-
(i) Practice of female foeticide.
(ii) Female infanticide.
(iii) Domestic violence against women
(iv) Lower Socio – economic status of women