CBSE Class 12 Geography India People And Economy Worksheet

CBSE Class 12 Geography India People And Economy. CBSE issues sample papers every year for students for class 12 board exams. Students should solve the CBSE issued sample papers to understand the pattern of the question paper which will come in class 12 board exams this year. The sample papers have been provided with marking scheme. It’s always recommended to practice as many CBSE sample papers as possible before the board examinations. Sample papers should be always practiced in examination condition at home or school and the student should show the answers to teachers for checking or compare with the answers provided. Students can download the sample papers in pdf format free and score better marks in examinations. Refer to other links too for latest sample papers.

GIST OF THE LESSON:

POPULATION: DISTRIBUTION, DENSITY, GROWTHAND COMPOSITION

DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

• Population is distributed unevenly.

• Uttar Pradesh has the highest population followed byMaharashtra, Bihar ,West Bengal ,Andhra Pradesh and Madhya Pradesh

• Uttar Pradesh,Bihar,West Bengal, Andhra Pradesh,Tamil Nadu, Madhya Pradesh ,Rajasthan, Karnataka, Gujrat account for 76% of population.

• Arunachal Pradesh takes 0.11% & Uttarakhand takes 0.83%of total population of India.

FACTORS RESPONSIBLE FOR UNEVEN DISTRIBUTION OF POPULATION

• PHYSICAL FACTORS: climate, water, terrain, transport ,

• SOCIO ECONOMIC FACTORS: Settled Agriculture. Agri. develop. pattern of human settlements, dev. Of transport, industries, urbanization

• HISTORICAL FACTORS: development of cities such as Mumbai, Kolkata, Chennai by British

DENSITY OF POPULATION

• Number of persons per unit area.

• The density of population (2011) is 382 person / sq km.

• Lowest population density in Arunachal Pradesh: 17 person/ per sq km. Highest population density in Bihar followed byWest Bengal, Kerala & Uttar Pradesh

• Himalayan states and North East have low density whereas Ganga plain has highest density and other states have moderate population

• Physiological density= Total Population / Net Cultivated Area

• Agricultural density = Total Agriculture Population / Net Cultivated Area

GROWTH OF POPULATION
Change in the number of people living in a particular area between two points of time. It is expressed in percentage.
Two components: 1. Natural 2. Actual
Natural growth is analyzed by crude birth rate and crude death rate
Actual growth is calculated with the immigration –outmigration. The annual growth is 1.7%census

PHASES OF POPULATION GROWTH IN INDIA
Following four phases are recognized in demographic history of India:-

STAGE I: 1901 -1921 stagnant growth, slow growth rate, BR & DR were high, poor medical facilities, lowliteracy rate, inefficient distribution of food and basic facilities.Demographic divide;

STAGE II: 1921-51: steady growth, improvement in health and sanitation lowmortality rate. Better
transport facilities, high birth rate and decline death rate. The influence of world war and Economic
depression influenced, Mortality Induced Growth

STAGEIII: 1951-81: Population explosion, rapid fall inmortality rate, high fertility rate, introduction of five year plans, improvement of living condition, increasedmigration. Fertility InducedGrowth

STAGE IV: 1981 onwards: growth rate declined, crude birth rate declined due to increasemarriage age, improved quality of life& education.

FEATURES OFADOLESCENTS POPULATION: High potential, quite vulnerable.

CHALLENGES FACED BY SOCIETYABOUTADOLESCENTS
♦ Lower age at marriage
♦ Illiteracy
♦ Female illiteracy
♦ School dropouts
♦ Low intake of nutrients
♦ High rate of maternal mortality of adolescent mothers,
♦ High rate of HIVAIDS
♦ Physical and mental disability
♦ Drug abuse alcoholism
♦ Juvenile delinquency
♦ Crime

STEPS TAKEN BY THE GOVERNMENT TO CHANNELIZE THE ADULTS
♦ National youth policy
♦ Encourage the youth for constructive development of the society
♦ Improve patriotism and responsible citizens
♦ Youth empowerment
♦ Giving importance for youth health, sports and recreation
♦ Innovation in the field of science

POPULATION COMPOSITION
1. Age and sex,
2 place of residence
3. Ethnic characteristics
4. Tribes
5. Language
6. Religion
7. Marital status
8. Literacy
9. Education
10. Occupation

RURAL URBAN COMPOSITION
♦ More than 68% population lives in villages.
♦ India has 638588 villages according to 2011 census.
♦ The state ofHimachal Pradesh, Bihar and Sikkimhave very high percentage of rural population
♦ Goa, Maharashtra and Tamil Nadu have low rural population
♦ Union Territories have low rural population except Dadra and Nagar Haveli.
♦ The size of villages varies from one region to other region.
♦ In the North- East India and Rajasthan, it is less than 200 persons while it is more than 17,000 persons in Kerala

URBAN POPULATION
It is equal to 31.16 % it is quite low.
♦ It is increased due to economic development, improvement in health, hygienic conditions

LINGUISTIC COMPOSITION
♦ According to Grierson there are 179 languages 544 dialects, there are about 22 scheduled languages
♦ Hindi speakers are 40.42% the smallest language is Kashmiri 0.01%.

LANGUAGE FAMILIES
♦ Austric(Nishada) – 1.38 % – Mon-khemar – Meghalaya Nicobar,West Bengal, Jharkhand, Odisha, Assam, Madhya Pradesh , Maharashtra
♦ Dravidian (20%) – Dravida - Tamil Nadu, Karnataka, Kerala,Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, Odisha, Madhya Pradesh,
♦ Sino-Tibetan(0.85%) – Tibeto- Myanamari – Jammu & Kashmir, Himachal Pradesh, Sikkim, Aruncahal Pradesh, Nagaland, Mizoram, Tripura.
♦ Indo-European-NorthWestern, Central & North India (73%)- IndoAryan

RELIGIOUS COMPOSITION
Hindus are distributed in all states except in the districts of state along Indo-Bangladesh border, Jammu & Kashmir, North- East states
♦ Muslims are concentrated in Jammu & Kashmir, West Bengal, Kerala, Uttar Pradesh, Delhi, Lakshadweep
♦ Christian population is concentrated in mainly western coast & NE states
♦ Sikhs are concentrated in Punjab
♦ Jains Buddhists are concentrated in Rajasthan, Maharashtra and Gujrat
♦ Tribes are located in North East & Central India
♦ Hindus -80.5%Muslims-13.55%Christians – 2.3%Sikhs 1.9%buddhists-0.95 jains-0.45 others- 0.6%

COMPOSITION OFWORKING POPULATION
♦ Main worker : work more than 183 days
♦ Marginal worker : less than 183 days
♦ 39% worker 61% non-workers
♦ Large % of dependent population. Large number is unemployed
♦ 25% working population in goa,53% in Mizoram

OCCUPATIONAL CATEGORIES
1. Cultivators
2. Agricultural laborers
3. House hold industrial workers
4. Other workers

SPATIALVARIATION OFWORKING PARTICIPATION
1. Himachal Pradesh and Nagaland have high proportion of cultivators
2. Andhra Pradesh, Chhattisgarh,Odisha, Jharkhand,West Bengal high proportion ofAgricultural
Workers
3. In urban centers high proportion of services
4. Non availability of land and presence of industries encourage workers

One marks question

Question. What do you mean by growth rate ?
Answer: Net change in the size of population between two points .

Question. Name the state having the highest and the lowest population growth rate ?
Answer: Highest growth rate—(1)Meghalaya (2)Arunachal Pradesh (3) Bihar Lowest growth rate— Nagaland (0.5)

Question. What is the present annual growth rate of India ?
Answer: 1.76%.

Three Marks Questions

Question. What is the density of population? Mention four states of India which have highest density of population .
Answer: Density of population = population / area
(i) Bihar
(ii) West Bengal
(iii) Uttar Pradesh
(iv) Kerala are the four states of India which have the highest density of population

Question. Why is there uneven distribution of population in India ?
Answer: (i) Climate and relief
(ii) Water supply
(iii) Soil fertility
(iv) Agricultural productivity
(v) Development of transport network
(vi) Industrialization and urbanization.

Five Marks Questions

Question. What do you understand by population growth ? Name the components of population growth.
Explain the four distinct phases of growth identified within the period of 1901-2001.
Answer: Growth of population is the change in the number of people living in a particular area between two points of time
Population growth has two components namely- natural and induced. The natural growth is analysed by assessing the crude birth and death rate, the induced components are explained by the volume of inward and outward movement of people in any given area.
The four distinct phases of growth identified within the period of 1901-2001