NCERT Book Class 12 New Age Graphics Design Typography

Typography is the science of using letter forms for communication. We use letter forms extensively in our daily life, in various media like newspapers, signages, application forms, letters, notebooks, textbooks, currency notes, posters, tickets, SMS, email etc.
A very large number of digital fonts are available for a graphic designer to use in design projects. A designer carefully chooses fonts after understanding the design problem, the medium, target audience, production aspects and the context. Fonts have unique characteristics and need to be carefully chosen and used to achieve good results in communication. For example, newspaper designers spend a considerable time in experimenting with different fonts in different sizes to create a final design which helps a reader to go through several pages of a newspaper with ease and understand the text comfortably.

Classification

In English, fonts are classified into several groups.
There are three main groups.
1. Serif
2. Sans-Serif
3. Script

Serif: A serif is the pointed ending of a stroke as in “I” or “T”. This is inspired by the letters carved on stone, using chisels. Thickness of the strokes also changes in these letter forms, like those drawn by flat brushes. Serif fonts are known for their readability and is widely used in text composition for books, newspapers, magazines etc, where a large amount of text is to be composed in small point sizes.

Sans Serif: Sans means without. Sans serif means without Serif. Sans serif fonts have blunt endings to the strokes. Almost all the strokes look like equal thickness, as if drawn by a marker pen. Sans serif fonts give a modern look and is widely used in logos and symbols, packaging, signages, websites, mobile phone interfaces, gaming consoles etc.

Script: Script fonts recreate the visual styling of calligraphy. The letters imitate the feeling of calligraphic nibs, with a slant to the right and changing thickness of strokes. These fonts give a festive and personal look to the reader and are very commonly used in wedding invitations.

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