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NCERT Book for Class 12 Chemistry Amines
Class 12 Chemistry students should refer to the following NCERT Book Amines in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Chemistry will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks
Amines NCERT Book Class 12
Amines constitute an important class of organic compounds derived by replacing one or more hydrogen atoms of ammonia molecule by alkyl/aryl group(s). In nature, they occur among proteins, vitamins, alkaloids and hormones. Synthetic examples include polymers, dyestuffs and drugs. Two biologically active compounds, namely adrenaline and ephedrine, both containing secondary amino group, are used to increase blood pressure. Novocain, a synthetic amino compound, is used as an anaesthetic in dentistry. Benadryl, a well known antihistaminic drug also contains tertiary amino group. Quaternary ammonium salts are used as surfactants. Diazonium salts are intermediates in the preparation of a variety of aromatic compounds including dyes. In this Unit, you will learn about amines and diazonium salts.
AMINES
Amines can be considered as derivatives of ammonia, obtained by replacement of one, two or all the three hydrogen atoms by alkyl and/or aryl groups.
Structure of Amines
Like ammonia, nitrogen atom of amines is trivalent and carries an unshared pair of electrons. Nitrogen orbitals in amines are therefore, sp3 hybridised and the geometry of amines is pyramidal. Each of the three sp3 hybridised orbitals of nitrogen overlap with orbitals of hydrogen or carbon depending upon the composition of the amines. The fourth orbital of nitrogen in all amines contains an unshared pair of electrons. Due to the presence of unshared pair of electrons, the angle C–N–E, (where E is C or H) is less than 109.5°;
Classification
Amines are classified as primary (1o), secondary (2o) and tertiary (3o) depending upon the number of hydrogen atoms replaced by alkyl or aryl groups in ammonia molecule. If one hydrogen atom of ammonia is replaced by R or Ar , we get RNH2 or ArNH2, a primary amine (1o). If two hydrogen atoms of ammonia or one hydrogen atom of R-NH2 are replaced by another alkyl/aryl(R’) group, what would you get? You get R-NHR’, secondary amine. The second alkyl/aryl group may be same or different. Replacement of another hydrogen atom by alkyl/aryl group leads to the formation of tertiary amine. Amines are said to be ‘simple’ when all the alkyl or aryl groups are the same, and ‘mixed’ when they are different.
Nomenclature
In common system, an aliphatic amine is named by prefixing alkyl group to amine, i.e., alkylamine as one word (e.g., methylamine). In secondary and tertiary amines, when two or more groups are the same, the prefix di or tri is appended before the name of alkyl group. In IUPAC system, amines are named as alkanamines, derived by replacement of ‘e’ of alkane by the word amine. For example, CH3NH2 is named as methanamine. In case, more than one amino group is present at different positions in the parent chain, their positions are specified by giving numbers to the carbon atoms bearing –NH2 groups and suitable prefix such as di, tri, etc. is attached to the amine. The letter ‘e’ of the suffix of the hydrocarbon part is retained. For example, H2N–CH2–CH2–NH2 is named as ethane-1, 2-diamine.
Excercise
3.1 Write IUPAC names of the following compounds and classify them into primary, secondary and tertiary amines.
(i) (CH3)2CHNH2 (ii) CH3(CH2)2NH2 (iii) CH3NHCH(CH3)2
(iv) (CH3)3CNH2 (v) C6H5NHCH3 (vi) (CH3CH2)2NCH3
(vii) m–BrC6H4NH2
13.2 Give one chemical test to distinguish between the following pairs of compounds.
(i) Methylamine and dimethylamine (ii) Secondary and tertiary amines
(iii) Ethylamine and aniline (iv) Aniline and benzylamine
(v) Aniline and N-methylaniline.
13.3 Account for the following:
(i) pKb of aniline is more than that of methylamine.
(ii) Ethylamine is soluble in water whereas aniline is not.
(iii) Methylamine in water reacts with ferric chloride to precipitate hydrated ferric oxide.
(iv) Although amino group is o– and p– directing in aromatic electrophilic substitution reactions, aniline on nitration gives a substantial amount of m-nitroaniline.
(v) Aniline does not undergo Friedel-Crafts reaction.
(vi) Diazonium salts of aromatic amines are more stable than those of aliphatic amines.
13.5 How will you convert:
(i) Ethanoic acid into methanamine
(ii) Hexanenitrile into 1-aminopentane
(iii) Methanol to ethanoic acid
(iv) Ethanamine into methanamine
(v) Ethanoic acid into propanoic acid
(vi) Methanamine into ethanamine
(vii) Nitromethane into dimethylamine
(viii) Propanoic acid into ethanoic acid?
13.6 Describe a method for the identification of primary, secondary and tertiary amines. Also write chemical equations of the reactions involved.
13.7 Write short notes on the following:
(i) Carbylamine reaction (ii) Diazotisation
(iii) Hofmann’s bromamide reaction (iv) Coupling reaction
(v) Ammonolysis (vi) Acetylation
(vii) Gabriel phthalimide synthesis.
13.8 Accomplish the following conversions:
(i) Nitrobenzene to benzoic acid
(ii) Benzene to m-bromophenol
(iii) Benzoic acid to aniline
(iv) Aniline to 2,4,6-tribromofluorobenzene
Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Answers and Solutions |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Appendix I |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Appendix II |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Appendix III |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Logarithms |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Logarithms Appendix IV |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Part 1 The Solid State |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry The Solid State |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Solutions |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Electrochemistry |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Chemical Kinetics |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Surface Chemistry |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry General Principles and Processes of Isolation of Elements |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry The P Block Elements |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry The d and f Block Elements |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Coordination Compounds |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Haloalkanes and Haloarenes |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Alcohols Phenols and Ethers |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Amines |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Biomolecules |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Polymers |
NCERT Class 12 Chemistry Chemistry in Everyday Life |
Chemistry NCERT Book Class 12 Amines
The above NCERT Books for Class 12 Chemistry Amines have been published by NCERT for latest academic session. The textbook by NCERT for Amines Chemistry Class 12 is being used by various schools and almost all education boards in India. Teachers have always recommended students to refer to Amines NCERT etextbooks as the exams for Class 12 Chemistry are always asked as per the syllabus defined in these ebooks. These Class 12 Amines book for Chemistry also includes collection of question. We have also provided NCERT solutions for Class 12 Chemistry which have been developed by teachers of StudiesToday.com after thorough review of the latest book and based on pattern of questions in upcoming exams for Class 12 students.
NCERT Book Class 12 Chemistry Amines
The latest NCERT book for Amines pdf have been published by NCERT based on the latest research done for each topic which has to be taught to students in all classes. The books for Class 12 Chemistry Amines are designed to enhance the overall understanding of students. All Class 12 NCERT textbooks have been written in an easy to understand language which will help to enhance the overall level of Class 12 students.
Amines NCERT Book Class 12 Chemistry
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Class 12 Chemistry Amines NCERT Book
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Class 12 Amines NCERT Book Chemistry
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