CBSE Class 10 Science Addiction Notes

ADDICATION

ADDICATION  :

1. Some persons are unable to bear tensions or think themselves unable to solve the problems of their life of due to cetain other curious factor starts drinking, smoking and taking certain nartain narcotic drugs and feel relief and peace.
2. Gradually this becomes their habit and they are addicated to these things. Thus addiction can be defined as a physical and mental dependence on any of the above mentioned factors and get temporary relief and feel pleasure.

SMOKING :

1. Dried and curved leaves of plant Nicotiana tobaccum and N. rustica in the form of cigarettes, bidis etc. is very toxic to body.
2. Smoke of tobacco contains about 300 compounds. The main compounds are Nicotine, CO, HCN, Polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon and certain other stimulating products.
3. Nicotine in the blood stimulates the nervous system, relaxes the muscles, release adrenaline hormone and increase the rate of heart beat. In case of pregnant ladies growth of foetus decreases and loss of weight many may take place.

(a)  Diseases and Disorders of Smoking :

(i) Lung cancer.

(ii) Bronchitis : Inflammation in respiratory tract and alveoli.

(iii) Emphysema : It is an inflation or abnormal distention of the bronchiole are alveolar sec. which results in the loss of elasticity of these part. As a result, the alveolar sec remains filled with air even after expiration, and ultimately, th lung size increases.

(iv) Heart diseases : Luman of body vessels becomes narrow which increases the blood pressure (Hypertension)

(v) Intestinal ulcer and other irregularities of gut.

(vi) Tobacco chewing results in mouth cancer.

ALCOHOL AND ALCOHOLISM :

1. Alcohol is rapidly absorbed from the wall of stomach and enters the blood stream within the minutes of ingestion. In the liver alcohol is converted in more toxic substance called as acetaldehyde.
2. Effects of Alcohol Drinking.

(i) Alcohol drinking affects the cerebellum part of the brain and therefore the control and coordination of the body is affected.

(ii) Effect on Liver :

(A) The liver is the organ that is most affected by alcohol .

(B) Excess of alcohol in the blood causes increases in the synthesis of fat which is deposited in the liver cell and bile ducts. This result in the  “Fatty liver syndrome”

The further stages of the is are  “Liver cirrhosis” and  “Binary cirrhosis disease” In this disease the liver becomes fibrous

(D) Amnesia : Loss of memory occurs.

(C) Gastritis  : It causes the inflammation in the walls of stomach. In chronic cases it usually develops into gastric ulcers.

DRUG – ADDICTION  :

The compound used   for the cure of various diseases are know as drug. Certain drugs of specific category are nerve simulants and depressant. Some of the drug function as sedative and other act as hallucinogens. The regular use of such drugs causes the drug – addiction in humans and they become habitual of these drugs. Drugs such as “Asprirn” and Antinistamines” when taken with alcohol may have dangerous effects inculdign death.

(a) Drug used for Addtiction :

(i) Sedative and tranquilisers : Benzodiazepnes. Berbiturates depresses the brain activity and prodcuces feeling of calmness, relaxation, drowsiness and deep sleep.

(ii) Opiate narcotics : It suppresses the brain function, relieves intense pain. e.g opium, morphine, heroin, methadone.

(iii) Stimulants : It stimulates the nervous system, make person more  wakeful increases alerthess and enhance the activity, produces excitement. e.g. Caffeince (Very mild), Amphetamins, Cocaine.

(iv) Hallucinogesn : LSD (Lysergic acid diethylamide), mescaline, psilocybin, products of hemp plant (Cannabis sative) – Charas, Bhang, Ganja, Marijuans, Hashish etc. It alters  though, feelings and perceptions. Amongst these  LSD are most potently used. This drug causes “Chronic psychosis” and severs damage of the centeral nervous system.

MENTAL HEALTH :

1. Mental illness is quite common in 1 % population of the world.
2. Mental illness is state of mind in which a person is not able to think, behave and interact normally.
3. Onset of mental illness is exhibited by –

(i) Change in behaviour and personality due to abnormality of thoughts, memory feeling, perception and judgement.

(ii) Difficulty in adjustment with family member and colleagues.

(iii) Abnormality in decision.

Type of mental illness :

(a) Psychosis :

Such type of patients are called as mad.

1. It a serious type of mental ills in which patient losses touch with reality.
2. Psychosis may be caused by the disease of central nervous system.
3. In some cases it is associated with diabetes, hypertension and tuberculosis.
4. The patient is not awers of liness and refuse to take treatement.

(b) Neurosis – Psychoneurosis :

1. It is a less severe form of mental illness.
2. Neurosis develops due to the stress and anxiety in the patient environment.
3. Neurosis is a mode of overcoming certain problems like worry, fear, anxiety, feeling of insecurity etc.

(c) Epilepsy :

1. It is a mental illness characterized by abnormal electrical discharge in a part of brain.
2. Epilepsy can be due to neurologic injury