CBSE Class 9 Science Improvement in Food Resources assignment Set B

Very Short answer Type Question

Question. Name different types of crop production practices involved in India.
Answer: They are (a) no cost production, (b) low cost production and (c) high cost production.

Question. How does Bos indicus differ from Bos bubalis?
Answer: Bos indicus is a cow while Bos bubalis is a buffalo.

Question. What do you understand by photoperiod of sunlight?
Answer: Photoperiod are related to the duration of sunlight required for plant growth.

Question. Name two kharif crops.
Answer: Paddy and soyabean.

Question. State the meaning of capture fishing and culture fishing.
Answer: Capture fishing : It is done from natural resources. Culture fishing : It is done by fish farming.

Question. What is mariculture?
Answer: The culture of marine fish in sea water is called mariculture.

Question. Name any two weeds.
Answer: Parthenium and Xanthium.

Question. (i) Name an exotic variety of honey bee grown in India.
(ii) What is called the rearing of fish on a large scale?
Answer: (i) Apis cerana indica
(ii) Pisciculture

Question. What are the major group of activities involved for improving of crop yields?
Answer: (i) Crop variety improvement
(ii) Crop production improvement
(iii) Crop protection improvement

Question. State the preventive and control measures used before grains are stored.
Answer: (i) Cleaning of the grains.
(ii) Keep seeds in sunlight to provide moisture.
(iii) Using chemicals that kills pest.

Question. Name the two vitamins which are added in the poultry feed.
Answer: Vitamins A and K.

Question. From where do plants acquire the following nutrients?
(a) Nitrogen, (b) Hydrogen.
Answer: (a) Nitrogen from soil,
(b) Hydrogen from waste

Question. Which method is commonly used for improving cattle breeds and why?
Answer: Cross breeding between a two good variety crops is called hybridization that also results in a new improved variety. Another way of improving the crop is by introducing a gene that would provide the desired characteristic. This results in genetically modified crops.

Question. What is organic farming?
Answer: Farming method in which no chemical fertilizers, pesticides or herbicides are used. Instead of using chemical, farmer uses all organic matter for growth of crops. Example : Manure, neem leaves as pesticides and for grain storage.

Question. What is the tremendous increase in the production of eggs in India known as?
Answer: Golden revolution and Silver revolution.

Question. List two desirable traits for fodder crops.
Answer: Tallness and profused branching are the desired characteristics for producing a higher yield of fodder crops.

Question. Differentiate between milch and draught animals.
Answer: Milk producing animals are called mulch animals. Animals used for farm labour are called draught animals.

Question. What are the three advantages of shorter duration of the crop in between sowing and harvesting?
Answer: Short durations allow farmers to grow multiple rounds of crops in a year. Short duration also reduces the cost of crop production. Uniform maturity makes the harvesting process easy and reduces losses during harvesting.

Question. Name any two fodder crops.
Answer: Berseem and sudan grass are raised as food for the livestock, called fodder crops.

Question. A group of Science Club students made a compost pit in the school, they collected all bio-degradable waste from the school canteen and used it to prepare the compost.
(a) Name, two waste that can be used for the compost and two wastes obtained from canteen which cannot be used for the compost making.
(b) What is the other important component required for making the compost?
Answer: (a) Two waste used for compost are vegetable peels and fruit peels. Two waste materials that cannot be used as compost are polythene bags and plastic items.
(b) Bacteria and fungi present in soil are the other important component for making compost.

Question. Explain how soil gets affected by the continuous plantation of crops in a field.
Answer: Continuous plantation of crops in a field affects soil fertility. Plants utilize all the nutrients from soil which leads to depletion of nutrients in the soil. As a result, soil fertility reduces drastically.

Question. Arrange the following boxes in proper order to make a flow chart of sugarcane crop production.
Answer: Sending crop to sugar factory ” Irrigation ” Harvesting ” Sowing ” Preparation of soil ” Ploughing the field ” Manuring Preparation of soil ” Ploughing the field ” Manuring ” Sowing ” Irrigation ” Harvesting ” Sending crop to sugar factory.

Question. Name one micronutrient and one macronutrient which plants take from the soil.
Answer: Macronutrients are : Calcium (Ca), Magnesium (Mg) and Micronutrients are : Boron (B), Chlorine (Cl).

Question. From where do plants get nutrients?
Answer: Air, water and soil provides nutrients to plants.

Question. Which nutrients are supplied by cereals and pulses?
Answer: Carbohydrate is supplied by cereals and protein is supplied by pulses.

Question. Name the cereals which provide us carbohydrate for energy requirement.
Answer: Cereals such as wheat, rice, maize, millets and sorghum provide us carbohydrate for energy requirement.

Question. “Shorter the duration of the crop from sowing to harvesting, the more economical is the variety.” Give reason for this.
Answer: Farmers can grow more crops in a year due to short duration of crop growth, and reduce the cost of crop production.

Question. Why should weeds be constantly removed from cultivated fields?
Answer: Weeds take up nutrients and reduce the growth of the crop.

Question. State the reason of introducing Italian bee variety in bee farms.
Answer: An Italian bee variety, A mellifera, has also been brought in to increase yield of honey.

Question. Give difference between apiculture and aquaculture.
Answer: Domestication of honeybees or production of honey and wax on commercial bases is called apiculture. Farming and management of fish and other aquatic animals and plants in water is called aquaculture.

Question. What is the advantage of crop rotation?
Answer: Rotation of crops helps in saving on nitrogenous fertilizers, because leguminous plants grown during the rotation of crops can fix atmospheric nitrogen in the soil with the help of itrogen fixing bacteria.

Short answer Type Question

Question. Give brief sketch on advantages and disadvantages on manure and fertilizers.
Answer: Advantages of manure :
(i) It increases the number of friendly microbes.
(ii) It improves the texture of soil by adding organic matter (humus).
(iii) It increases soil fertility, water holding capacity and aeration.
(iv) It reduces soil erosion.
(v) It is cheap.
Disadvantages of manure :
(i) They have fewer amounts of nutrients as compared to fertilizers.
(ii) Manures are bulky and not easy to store and transport.
Fertilizers : These are commercially manufactured inorganic salts containing one or more essential plant nutrients like NPK, which are used to increase soil fertility.
Advantages of fertilizers :
(i) They are nutrient specific and required in small amounts.
(ii) They are water soluble and absorbed by the plant easily.
(iii) They are easy to store and transport. Disadvantages of fertilizers :
(i) Fertilizers can change the soil structure by killing the soil microbes.
(ii) Fertilizers can change the chemical composition of soil.
(iii) Accumulation of fertilizers in water bodies causes eutrophication.

Question. State the difference between compost and vermicompost.
Answer: The compost is obtained by decomposition of organic waste like animal excreta, plant waste, etc. naturally due to decomposition by bacteria. Vermi-compost : Red-worms are added to organic matter in the process of decomposition to obtain compost to fasten. This will fasten the process.

Question. What is meant by bee-keeping? Name : (a) the variety commonly used for commercial honey production. (b) the variety having high honey collection capacity.
State how pasturage is related to honey production.
Answer: Beekeeping is the practice of rearing bee for making honey (a) Indian bee (Apis ceranaindica), (b) The Italian (Apis mellifera) bees have high honey collectioncapacity. Pasturage is the availability of flowers to the bees for nectar and pollen collection. Pasturage is related to honey production because it determines the taste of honey and the quantity of honey.

Question. What are fertilizers? Excess use of fertilizers is not advisable, explain.
Answer: Fertilizers are commercially produced plant nutrients. They supply nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. hey are used to ensure good vegetative growth, giving rise to healthy plants.
Excessive use of fertilizers are not advisable as:
(a) It leads to soil and water pollution.
(b) It can destroy the fertility of soil.

Question. What are the new varieties obtained by cross breeding of Indian and exotic breeds of poultry?
Answer: The new variety/traits obtained by cross breeding of Indian and exotic breeds of poultry are :
(i) Number and quality of chicks
(ii) Dwarf broiler parent for commercial chick production
(iii) Summer adaptation capacity/tolerance to high temperature
(iv) Low maintenance requirements
(v) Reduction in the size of the egg-laying bird with ability to utilise more fibrous and cheaper diet, formulated using agricultural by products.

Question. Name two factors responsible for wastage of grains during storage.
Answer: Factors responsible for such losses are :
Biotic : insects, rodents, fungi, mites and bacteria,
Abiotic : inappropriate moisture and temperatures in the place of storage.

Question. Why Apis mellifera is adopted for domestication to produce honey?
Answer: The Italian species of honey bee, i.e. Apis mellifera is adopted for its many good qualities. They :
(i) sting less
(ii) have good honey collection capacity
(iii) produce with less swarming
(iv) have ability to protect itself from enemy
(v) stay in beehives for a long time

Question. What are the main characters required in a crop during its improvement practices?
Answer: The useful characters that are required in a crop during its improvement :
(i) Disease resistance
(ii) Response to fertilizer
(iii) Product quality
(iv) High yield
(iii) Intergeneric – between two different genera

Question. Define manures. What are its three different kinds? State two limitations of manures.
Answer: Manure is an organic matter prepared by the decomposition of animal excreta and plant waste. They are : Compost, vermi-composting and green manure.
Two limitations of manures are :
(i) Supplies small quantities of nutrients to the soil
(ii) Losses about half the available nitrogen
(iii) Releases greenhouse gases

Question. Write a paragraph in your own words on each of the following.
(a) Preparation of soil,
(b) Sowing,
(c) Weeding,
(d) Threshing
Answer: (a) Preparation of soil : Preparation of soil is the first step of farming. Soil is loosened and turned over. This helps in making the soil more airy so that roots can breathe in air. Moreover, loosening of soil also facilitates better penetration of roots into the soil. Seeds can be easily sown in loosened soil.
(b) Sowing : The method of putting the seeds into soil is called sowing. Traditionally, seed is sown manually by spreading the seeds by hands. This process is called broadcasting. Seed drills are used when sowing needs to be done on a large scale.
(c) Weeding : Removal of weeds is called weeding. Unwanted plants which grow along with the crop are called weeds. They compete for resources; like sunlight, water and air; with the main crop. So, it is necessary to remove weeds for proper growth ofcrops. Weeding is usually done manually by using  hands and sickles. Sometimes weedicides are also sprayed.
(d) Threshing : Separation of grains from harvested stems is called threshing. For smaller quantity, threshing is done by hands. For somewhat bigger quantity, threshing is done using animal; especially bullocks. Animals are made to trample over the harvested stock which helps in separation of grains. Threshing machines are used for bigger  quantities.

Question. How do insect pests attack the plant and affect it?
Answer: Insect pests attack the plants and reduces yield in three ways :
(i) They cut the root, stem and leaf.
(ii) They suck the cell sap from various parts of the plant.
(iii) They bore into stem and fruits.

Question. Name two breeds of cows selected for long lactation period.
Answer: After giving the birth of a calf, a cow secretes milk. The duration of milk secretion of a cow that is the  period of time till which the cow secretes milk is known as lactation period. Brown Swiss and jersey are selected for their long lactation period.

Question. List any six factors for which variety improvement in crops is done.
Answer: (i) Higher yield,
(ii) Improved quality,
(iii) Biotic and abiotic resistance,
(iv) Change in maturity duration,
(v) Wider adaptability,
(vi) Desirable characteristics.

Question. What are the types of food requirements of dairy animals? Why external and internal parasites live on and in the cattle can be fatal.
Answer: Roughage and concentrates are the types of food requirements of dairy animals. The external parasites live on the skin and mainly cause skin diseases. The internal parasites like worms, affect stomach and intestine while flukes damage the liver.

Question. Explain different types of fisheries.
Answer: The different types of fisheries are marine fisheries; inland fisheries, capture fishing, mariculture and aquaculture.
(i) Marine fisheries : Marine fishes are caught using fishing nets.
(ii) Mariculture : Marine .fishes are cultured in seawater.
(iii) Inland fisheries : The fisheries done in freshwater resources like canals, ponds, reservoirs and rivers.
(iv) Capture fishing : It is done in sea-water, estuaries and lagoons.
(v) Aquaculture : Culture of fish done in different water bodies is called aquaculture.