CBSE Class 12 Computer Science Object Oriented Programming Concepts

OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING CONCEPTS

Object Oriented Programming follows bottom up approach in program design and emphasizes on safety and security of data..

FEATURES OF OBJECT ORIENTED PROGRAMMING:

Inheritance:

¶ Inheritance is the process of forming a new class from an existing class or base class. The base class is also known as parent class or super class.

¶ Derived class is also known as a child class or sub class. Inheritance helps in reusability of code , thus reducing the overall size of the program

Data Abstraction:

¶ It refers to the act of representing essential features without including the background details .Example : For driving , only accelerator, clutch and brake controls need to be learnt rather than working of engine and other details.

Data Encapsulation:

¶ It means wrapping up data and associated functions into one single unit called class..

¶ A class groups its members into three sections :public, private and protected, where private and protected members remain hidden from outside world and thereby helps in implementing data hiding.

Modularity :

¶ The act of partitioning a complex program into simpler fragments called modules is called as modularity.

¶ It reduces the complexity to some degree and

¶ It creates a number of well defined boundaries within the program .

Objects and Classes :

The major components of Object Oriented Programming are . Classes & Objects

A Class is a group of similar objects . Objects share two characteristics: They all have state and behavior. For example : Dogs have state (name, color, breed, hungry) and behavior (barking, fetching, wagging tail). Bicycles also have state (current gear, current pedal cadence, current speed) and behavior (changing gear, applying brakes). Identifying the state and behavior for realworld objects is a great way to begin thinking in terms of object-oriented programming.These real-world observations all translate into the world of object-oriented programming. 

Software objects are conceptually similar to real-world objects: they too consist of state and related behavior. An object stores its state in fields (variables in some programming languages) and exposes its behavior through functions

Classes in Programming :

• It is a collection of variables, often of different types and its associated functions.

• Class just binds data and its associated functions under one unit there by enforcing encapsulation.

• Classes define types of data structures and the functions that operate on those data structures.

• A class defines a blueprint for a data type. Declaration/Definition :A class definition starts with the keyword class followed by the class name; and the class body,
enclosed by a pair of curly braces. A class definition must be followed either by a semicolon or a list of declarations.

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