Syllabus – Biology (XII)

UNIT-VI REPRODUCTION 

Reproduction in organisms : Asexual and sexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction in flowering plants : Structure of flower, pollination, fertilization, development of seeds and fruits, apomixis and polyembryony.

Human reproduction : Reproductive system in male and female, menstrual cycle, production of gametes, fertilization, implantation, embryo development, pregnancy, parturition and lactation. 

Reproductive Health : Problems and strategies, Population and birth control, contraception and MTP; sexually transmitted diseases, infertility.

UNIT-VII GENETICS AND EVOLUTION

Mendelian inheritance.

Chromosome theory of inheritance, deviations from Mendelian ratio (gene interaction- incomplete

dominance, co-dominance, multiple alleles).

Sex determination in human beings: XX, XY.

Linkage and crossing over.

Inheritance pattern : Mendelian disorders and chromosomal disorders in humans.

DNA and RNA, search for genetic material, replication, transcription, genetic code, translation.

Gene expression and regulation.

Genome and Human Genome Project.

DNA fingerprinting.

Evolution: Origin of life, theories and evidences, adaptive radiation, mechanism of evolution, origin and evolution of man.

UNIT -VIII BIOLOGY AND HUMAN WELFARE 

Basic concepts of immunology, vaccines.

Pathogens, Parasites

Cancer and AIDS

Adolescence and drug / alcohol abuse.

Plant breeding, tissue culture, single cell protein, food production, animal husbandry.

Microbes in household food processing, industrial production, sewage treatment, energy generation, biocontrol agents and biofertilizers.

UNIT -IX BIOTECHNOLOGY AND ITS APPLICATION 

Principles and Processes; Recombinant DNA technology; Applications in Health and Agriculture;

genetically modified (GM) organisms; biosafety issues.

UNIT -X ECOLOGY & ENVIRONMENT 

Organism and Population : Organism and its environment, populations and ecological adaptations.

Biodiversity, its importance and conservation, Biosphere Reserves, National Parks and wild life sancturies.

Ecosystems : components, types, energy flow, nutrient cycling and ecosystem services.

Environmental issues.

Please refer to attached file for CBSE Class 12 Biology Syllabus 2010-2011