CBSE Class 9 Social Science Population Assignment

• Population: In sociology, population means collection of human beings.
• Demography: It is a branch of social science which deals with statistical study of human population.
• Census: An official enumeration of population which is done periodically is called census.

India’s Population
• Current Population of India in 2017
1,349,466,458 (1.34 billion) As of January 10, 2017
• Total Male Population in India
696,864,478 (696 million)
• Total No of Females in India
652,601,979 (652 million)
• Sex Ratio
943 females per 1,000 males
Age structure
• 0 to 25 years
• 50% of India's current population
Currently, there are about 51 births in India in a minute.

• According to 2011 census, the population of India is 1.21 billion.
• India’s population is 17.5% of the world population, while the area of India is just 2.4% of the total area of the world.
• Population Density: The population density in India is 382 persons per sq km.
• Literacy Rate:The literacy rate has increased from 65% in 2001 to 74% in 2011.
• Sex Ratio: The ratio of female to male population is called sex ratio.
• Age Composition: The composition of different age groups in the Indian population is often taken as one of the most positive indicators of population in India.
• Occupational Structure: About 64% of the workforce is engaged in the primary sector, 13% in the secondary sector and 20% in the tertiary sector.
• Health: Increase in life expectancy and decrease in death rate can be attributed to improved healthcare system in India. Infant mortality rate has also declined which has happened because of improved post natal care.
• Adolescent Population: Adolescents comprise the age group between 10 to 19 years.

Question : Why is population a pivotal element in social studies?
Answer : It is the point of reference from which all other elements are observed and from which they derive significance and meaning.
Current population of India is 1.27 billion.

Question : When was the first census held in India
Answer : 1872.

Question : When was the first complete Census taken?
Answer : 1881.

Question : Which are the three major questions we are primarily concerned with about population?
Answer :
i. Population size and distribution: How many people are there and where are they located?
ii. Population growth and processes of population change: How has the population grown and changed through time?
iii. Characteristics or qualities of the population:
What are their age, sex-composition, literacy levels, occupational structure and health conditions?

Question : What was India’s population on March 2001?
Answer : 1,028 million

Question : How much percent did India’s population account for the world’s population? 
Answer : 16.7 %

Question : Name the most populous state of India. What is its population?
Answer : Uttar Pradesh ; 16%

Question : What % of population does Uttar Pradesh account for to the country’s total population?
Answer : 16.16%

Question : What is the population of Sikkim?
Answer : 0.5 million

Question : What is the population of Lakshadweep?
Answer : 60,000

Question : Name the states which account for half of India’s population.
Answer : Uttar Pradesh, Maharashtra, Bihar, West Bengal and Andhra Pradesh

Question : Name the biggest state in terms of area. What is its % to the total population of India?
Answer : Rajasthan ; 5.5%

Question : Define the term: Population Density. What was the Population density of India in 2001?
Answer : Population density is calculated as the number of persons per unit area. In 2001, it was 324 persons per sq. km and in 2011 it rose to 382persons per sq km.

Question : What was the population density for West Bengal and Arunachal Pradesh?
Answer : West Bengal: 904 persons per sq. km.
Arunachal Pradesh: 13 persons per sq. km.

Question : Why do Assam and most of the Peninsular states have moderate population densities?
Answer :
i) Hilly, dissected and rocky nature of terrain
ii) Moderate to low rainfall
iii) Shallow and less fertile soils

Question : Why do the northern plains and Kerala have high to very high population densities?
Answer :
i) Flat plains with fertile soils
ii) Abundant rainfall

Question : Why are the numbers, distribution and composition of population constantly changing?
Answer : It is due to the interaction of the three processes namely – births, deaths and migrations.

Question : What does growth of population refer to?
Answer : It refers to the change in the number of inhabitants of a country / territory during a specific period of time, say during the last ten years.

Question : In which two ways can the growth of population be expressed?
Answer :
i) In terms of absolute numbers
ii) In terms of percentage change per year

Question : How is the rate or the pace of population increase studied? Give an example. What is it referred to as?
Answer :
i) It is studied in % per annum.
ii) Eg. a rate of increase of 2 percent per annum means that in a given year, there was an increase of two persons for every 100 persons in the base population.
iii) It is referred to as the annual growth rate.

Question : How has India’s population been steadily increasing from 1951 to 2001?
Answer : In 1951 it was 361 million, while in 2001, it rose to 1028 million.

Question : Why did the rate of growth start declining since 1981?
Answer : Because during this period, birth rates declined rapidly.

Question : What does the declining trend of the growth rate show?
Answer : It is a positive indicator of the efforts of birth control.

Question : Define the term: Birth rate
Answer : It is the number of live births per thousand persons in a year.

Question : Define the term: Death rate
Answer : It is the number of deaths per thousand persons in a year.

Question : What is the main cause of the growth of India’s population?
Answer : It is the rapid decline in death rates.

Question : What are the two types of Migration?
Answer :
i) Internal ( within the country) and
ii) International ( between the countries)

Question : Which significant role is played by Migration?
Answer : It changes the distribution and composition of urban and rural populations.

Question : What does internal migration influence?
Answer : It influences the distribution of population within the nation.

Question : Why have most migrations been from rural to urban areas? State the factors.
Answer :
This is because of the:
A: ‘push’ factor in the rural areas: Reasons:
i) Adverse conditions of poverty ii) Unemployment
B: ‘pull’ factors of the city: Reasons
i) increased employment opportunities
ii) better living conditions

Question : How has the urban population increased from 1951 to 2001?
Answer : It increased from 17.29% of the total population in 1951 to 27.78% in 2001.

Question : What does the age composition of a population refer to?
Answer : It refers to the number of people in different age groups in a country.

Question : Describe briefly the three categories in to which the population of a nation is generally grouped in to?
Answer :
i) Children ( generally below 15 years)
They are economically unproductive and need to be provided with food, clothing, education and medical care.
ii) Working age: ( 15 to 59 years)
They are the economically productive and biologically reproductive. They comprise the working populaton.
iii) Aged ( above 59 years)
They may be economically productive though they may have retired.

Question : Define the term: Sex Ratio
Answer : It is defined as the number of females per 1000 males in the population.
Census yr Sex ratio
927 1991
943 2011

Question : Who is treated as a literate person?
Answer : According to the Census of 2001, a person aged 7 years and above, who can read and write with understanding in any language, is treated as literate.

Question : What is the literacy rate for the country in 2001? How much is the literacy rate in % for males and females?
Answer : For the country, it is 64.84% as in 2001.For males it is 75.26% while for females it is 53.67%.

Question : Give two examples each of primary, secondary and tertiary activities.
Answer : Primary: agriculture, animal husbandry
Secondary: manufacturing industry, building
Tertiary: transport, communications

Question : How much % of people is engaged in agriculture in India?
Answer : 64%

Question : What is the proportion of population dependent on secondary and tertiary sectors?
Answer : 13 and 20 % respectively

Question : Why has there been an occupational shift in favour of secondary and the tertiary sectors?
Answer :Because of growing urbanization and industrialization in recent times.

Question : Giving two examples show that the sustained efforts of government programmes have registered significant improvements in the health conditions of Indian population.
Answer :
i) Death rates have declined from 25 per 1000 in 1951 to 8.1 % per 1000 in 2001.
ii) Life expectancy at birthhas increased from 36.7 years in 1951 to 64.6 years in 2001.

Question : Give reasons for significant improvements in the health conditions of Indian population.
Answer : 
i) improvement in public health
ii) prevention of infectious diseases
iii) application of modern medical practices in diagnosis and treatment of ailments

Question : What is the most significant feature of India’s population?
Answer : dolescent population

Question : How much % is India’s adolescent population?
Answer :One-fifth of the total

Question : Into which age groups are the adolescents grouped?
Answer : 10 to 19 years.

Question : What can lead to deficiency and stunted growth?
Answer : Poor nutrition

Question : What is the most significant feature of India’s population?
Answer : Adolescent population

Question : What do a large number of girls suffer from in India?
Answer : Anemia

Question : How can the awareness of adolescent girls be improved?
Answer : Through the spread of education and literacy among them.

Question : When did the Government of India initiate the comprehensive family planning programme? What did it sought to promote?
Answer : 1952.It sought to promote responsible and planned parenthood on a voluntary basis.

Question : What policy framework does NPP 2000 provide?
Answer :
i) Imparting free and compulsory education up to 14 years of age.
ii) Reducing infant mortality rate to below 30 per 1000 live births
iii) Achieving universal immunization of children against all vaccine preventable diseases.
iv) Promoting delayed marriage for girls.
v) Making family welfare a people-centered programme.

Question : Which major section of the population did the NPP 2000 identify that needed greater attention?
Answer : Adolescent population

Question : What programmes did the NPP 2000 aim towards?
Answer :
i) Encouraging delayed marriage and child bearing
ii) Education of adolescents about the risks of unprotected sex
iii) Strengthening legal measures to prevent child marriage
iv) providing food supplements, nutritional services

Question : Choose the right answer from the four alternatives given below.