CBSE Class 9 Social Science The Story of Village Palampur Assignment Set A

¶ Farming is the main production activity in the villages.

¶ Over the years there have been many important changes in the way farming is practiced. These have allowed the farmers to produce more crops from the same amount of land. This is an important achievement, since land is fixed and scarce.

¶ But in raising production a great deal of pressure has been put on land and other natural resources. In the future, one would like to see more non-farm production activities in the villages.

¶ Unlike farming, non-farm activities require little land. People with some amount of capital can set up non-farm activities and reduce the pressure on land.

THE GREEN REVOLUTION IN PUNJAB

Write the answers for the following VERY IMPORTANT Question UESTIONS in your note-book: 1,3,5,9,15,16,18 and 19 SCHOLAR!!!

Question . Describe the village Palampur.( Write in your notebook)

Question . Name the four requirements needed for the production. Explain OR Name the factors of production. 

Answer :

1. The first requirement is land, and other natural resources such as water, forests, minerals.

2. The second requirement is labour that is people who will do the work.

3. The third requirement is physical capital, i.e., the variety of inputs required at every state during production. There are 2 types of Physical Capital- (i) Fixed (ii) Working.

4. Human Capital : The knowledge and enterprise that we need to put together land, labour and physical capital to produce an output is human Capital.

Question. Differentiate between Fixed and Working Capital?

OR What is Physical Capital?What are the different types? Explain each type. 

Question. What is the main production activity in Palampur? Mention its features?

Answer :

1. Farming is the main production activity in Palampur.

2. 75% of the people who are working are dependant on farming for their livelihood.

3. They could be farmers or farm labourers. The well-being of these people is closely related to production on the farms.

Question. What are the different ways of increasing production on the same piece of land? Use examples to explain. OR How was multiple cropping practiced in Pallampur ? Explain 

Answer :

1. The main reason why farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur is due to the well-developed system of irrigation, as electricity came early to Palampur.

2.To grow more than one crop on a piece of land during the year is known as multiple cropping. It is the most common way of increasing production on a given piece of land.

3. For example in Palampur during the rainy season (kharif) farmers grow jowar and bajra. These plants are used as cattle feed. It is followed by cultivation of potato between October and December.

4. In the winter season (rabi), fields are sown with wheat. From the wheat produced, farmers keep enough wheat for the family’s consumption and sell the surplus wheat at the market at Raiganj.

5. A part of the land area is also devoted to sugarcane which is harvested once every year. Sugarcane, in its raw form, or as jaggery, is sold to traders in Shahpur.

Question. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were rewarded with high yields of wheat. Why?

Answer :

1. Higher yields were possible only from a combination of HYV seeds, irrigation, chemical fertilizers, pesticides etc. HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant.

2. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water and also chemical fertilizers and pesticides to produce best results.

2. Farmers of Punjab, Haryana and Western Uttar Pradesh were the first to try out the modern farming method in India.

3. The farmers in these regions set up tubewells for irrigation, and made use of HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming. 5. Some of them bought farm machinery like tractors and threshers, which made ploughing and harvesting faster.

Question. What are the main constrains in raising farm production? OR What are the major constraints in raising farm production in Palampur since 1960?

Answer :

1. Land area under cultivation is practically fixed.

2. Since 1960 in Palampur, there has been no expansion in land area under cultivation.

3. Some of the wastelands in the village had been converted into cultivable land. So, there exists no further scope to increase farm production by bringing new land under cultivation.

Question. Why are farmers able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur? 

Answer :

1. The main reason why farmers are able to grow three different crops in a year in Palampur is due to well-developed system of irrigation.

2. Electricity came early to Palampur.

3. Persian wheels were till then used by farmers to draw water from the wells and irrigate small fields, but people saw that the electric run tube wells could irrigate much larger areas of land more effectively.

4. The first few tube wells were installed by the government.

Question. What is difference between multiple cropping and modern farming method? 

Question. What was the traditional type of seeds used in cultivation that existed till mid -1960s and how was it different from the Green Revolution in the late 1960s?

Answer :

1. Till the mid-1960s, the seeds used in cultivation were traditional ones with relatively low yields

2. Traditional seeds needed less irrigation. Farmers used cow dung and other natural manure as fertilizers.

3. All these were readily available with the farmers who did not have to buy them.

4. The Green Revolution in the late 1960s introduced the Indian farmer to cultivation of wheat and rice using High Yielding Varieties (HYVs) of seeds

5. Compared to the traditional seeds, the HYV seeds promised to produce much greater amounts of grain on a single plant. As a result the same piece of land would now produce far larger quantities of food grains than was possible earlier. HYV seeds, however, needed plenty of water.

Question. “Scientific reports indicate that the modern farming methods have over used the natural resource base.” Justify the statement.

Answer :

1. In many areas, Green Revolution is associated with the loss of soil fertility due to increased use of chemical fertilizers, which will kill bacteria and other micro-organisms in the soil.

2. These chemicals may escape from the soil and pollute groundwater, rivers and lakes.

3. The continuous use of ground water for tube well irrigation has reduced the water table below the ground.

4. Environmental resources like soil fertility and groundwater are built up over many years. Once destroyed it is very difficult to restore them.

5. We must take care of the environment to ensure future development of agriculture.

Question. Who provides labour for small, medium and large farmers?

Answer :

1. Small farmers along with their families cultivate their own fields. Thus they provide the labour required for farming.

2. Medium and large farmers hire farm labourers to work on their fields.

3. Farm labourers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land.

Question. Why are the wages for farm labourers less than minimum wages? Explain with an example.

Answer :

1. Farm labourers come either from landless families or families cultivating small plots of land.

2. They do not have a right over the crops grown on the land. Instead they are paid wages by the farmer for whom they work.

3. Wages can be in cash or in kind e.g. crop. Sometimes labourers get meals also. Wages vary widely from region to region, from crop to crop, from one farm activity to another (like sowing and harvesting).

4. There is also a wide variation in the duration of employment. A farm labourer might be employed on a daily basis, or for one particular farm activity like harvesting, or for the whole year. For example in Palampur, landless farm labourer who works on daily wages, must regularly look for work.

5. The minimum wages for a farm labourer set by the government is Rs 60 per day, but they get only Rs 35–40. There is heavy competition for work among the farm labourers in Palampur, so people agree to work for lower wages.

Question. How do the medium and large farmers obtain capital for farming? How is it different from the small farmers? 

Answer :

1. In contrast to the small farmers, the medium and large farmers have their own savings from farming. They are thus able to arrange for the capital needed.

2. Large and medium farmers sell the surplus farm products. A part of the earnings is saved and kept for buying capital for the next season.

3. Thus, they are able to arrange for the capital for farming from their own savings. Some farmers might also use the savings to buy cattle, trucks, or to set up shops.

4. Most small farmers have to borrow money to arrange for the capital. They borrow from large farmers or the village moneylenders or the traders who supply various inputs for cultivation.

5. The rate of interest on such loans is very high. They are put to great distress to repay the loan.

Question. What is the working capital required by the farmer using modern farming methods? OR Modern farming methods require the farmer to start with more cash than before. Why?

Answer :

1. Raw materials and money in hand are called working capital. Unlike tools, machines and buildings, these are used up in production.

2. The farmers have to set up tubewells for irrigation, and use HYV seeds, chemical fertilizers and pesticides in farming. They also have to purchase sophisticated machines such as generators, tractors, harvesters, threshers ,computers, etc.

3. Therefore some money is always required during production to make payments and buy other necessary items.

Question. “Transport is a fast developing sector in Palampur”. Explain .

OR Describe the different types of transport services existing in Palampur. 

Question. How many people are engaged in the manufacturing sector in Palampur? What are their peculiarities?

Answer :

1. Less than fifty people are engaged in manufacturing in Palampur.

2. Unlike the manufacturing that takes place in the big factories in the towns and cities, manufacturing in Palampur involves very simple production methods and are done on a small scale.

3. They are carried out mostly at home or in the fields with the help of family labour. Rarely do they hire labourers.

Question 18. Name the Non-farming activities in Palampur. Write a note on any 3 of the activities. (WRITE THE ANSWER IN YOUR NOTE-BOOK)

Question. Explain the problems that rise due to unequal distribution of land. 

Answer :

1. The landless farmers have no land and hence have to look for work throughout the year and dependent on the medium and large farmers. They face seasonal unemployment.

2. Small farmers are able to meet the family needs but face problems when the land gets distributed among the sons.

3. The medium and large farmers own large pieces of land and employ small farmers and the landless farmers to work for them. But they are exploited.

Write the answers for the following Questions:

1. The standard unit measuring of land. ___________ The local units of measuring land in the village. ___________

2. What is multiple cropping?

3. The SCs live in the corner of the village and comprise of __________ of the population.

4. The chief production activity in Palampur is ____________

5. Percentage dependent on farming for their livelihood is ___________

6. Percentage of irrigated area in India. ___________

7. Crops cultivated during the rainy season (kharif) ___________

8. Crops cultivated during the winter season (rabi) ____________

9. Name the 2 main crops grown in Palampur. _____________________________ Name the third crop grown in Palampur __________

10. The use of HYV seeds have helped in increasing the yield from 1300kg/ hectare to ___________

11. Farmers in Palampur have been able to introduce multiple cropping because __________________________________________________________________

12. The percentage of small farmers and medium/large farmers according to the 2003 statistics is _____________________ respectively.

13. The percentage of people working in non-farming activities. _____________