CBSE Class 10 Civics Manufacturing Industries VBQs

Source/Extract Based Questions 

Read the sources given below and answer the questions that follows:
Source A- Contribution of Industry to National Economy
Over the last two decades, the share of manufacturing sector has stagnated at 17 percent of GDP – out of a total of 27 percent for the industry which includes 10 percent for mining, quarrying, electricity and gas. This is much lower in comparison to some East Asian economies, where it is 25 to 35 percent. The trend of growth rate in manufacturing over the last decade has been around 7 percent per annum. The desired growth rate over the next decade is 12 percent. Since 2003, manufacturing is once again growing at the rate of 9 to 10 percent per annum. With appropriate policy interventions by the government and renewed efforts by the industry to improve productivity, economists predict that manufacturing can achieve its target over the next decade.
Source B- Industrial Location  
Industrial locations are complex in nature. These are influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market, etc. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost. After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows.
Source C- Textile Industry
The textile industry occupies unique position in the Indian economy, because it contributes significantly to industrial production, employment generation and foreign exchange earnings. It is the only industry in the country, which is self-reliant and complete in the value chain i.e, from raw material to the highest value added products.

Source A- Contribution of Industry to National Economy
Question. What has to be done to compete our Industries in international market ?
Answer : Our industry needs to be more efficient and competitive. Our manufactured goods must be at par in quality with those in the international market. Only then, will we be able to compete in the international market

Source B- Industrial Location
Question. What are the factors affecting the location of an industry?
Answer : The location of an industry is influenced by availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market. It is rarely possible to find all these factors available at one place. Consequently, manufacturing activity tends to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors of industrial location are either available or can be arranged at lower cost.

Source C- Textile Industry
Question. What are the values added in the textile industry?
Answer : The values added in the textile industry are as follows:
(i) Fibre production
(ii) Spinning
(iii) Weaving and knitting
(iv) Dyeing and finishing
(v) Garment manufacturing.

Read the extract and answer the questions that follow:
India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. The raw material used in this industry is bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces. The mills are located in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This industry is seasonal in nature so, it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector. In recent years, there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra, This is because the cane produced here has a higher sucrose content. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. Moreover, the cooperatives are more successful in these states. Major challenges include the seasonal nature of the industry, old and inefficient methods of production, transport delay in reaching cane to factories and the need to maximise the use of baggase.

Question. What is the status of India in the production of sugar?
Answer : India ranks second in the production of sugar after Brazil but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari.

Question. Which are the major sugar producing states of India?
Answer : The major sugar producing states of India are Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh.

Question. Why there is a tendency for the sugar mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states?
Answer : This is done so, because :
(i) The cane produced here has a higher sucrose ontent.
(ii) The cooperatives are more successful in these states.

Read the text given below and answer the following questions:
Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy,
they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors. Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas. Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange. Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible. Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other. They move hand in hand. For instance, the agro-industries in India have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option

Question. Manufacturing industries fall in _________ and agriculture in ________
(a) Primary, Secondary Sector
(b) Secondary, Tertiary Sector
(c) Primary, Tertiary Sector
(d) Secondary, Primary Sector
Answer : D

Question. Manufacturing provides job opportunities to reduce dependence on agriculture. Identify which sector the following jobs belong to—

(a) a-1, b-2, c-3, d-4
(b) a-3, b-4, c-2, d-1
(c) a-2, b-3, c-1, d-2
(d) a-4, b-1, c-4, d-3
Answer : B

Question. Which of the following options does not help in modernising agriculture?
(a) Manufacturing farm equipment
(b) Providing unskilled labour force
(c) Supplying fertilizers and pesticides
(d) Producing tube well pumps and sprinklers
Answer : B

Question. In order to attract foreign manufacturing firms, a country needs to develop—
(a) Agrarian facilities
(b) Cultivable lands
(c) Media facilities
(d) Infrastructure facilities
Answer : D

Read the text given below and answer the questions that follows :
India stands second as a world producer of sugar but occupies the first place in the production of gur and khandsari. The raw material used in this industry is  bulky, and in haulage its sucrose content reduces. The mills are located in Uttar Pradesh, Bihar, Maharashtra, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Andhra Pradesh, Gujarat, Punjab, Haryana and Madhya Pradesh. Sixty per cent mills are in Uttar Pradesh and Bihar. This industry is seasonal in nature so, it is ideally suited to the cooperative sector.In recent years, there is a tendency for the mills to shift and concentrate in the southern and western states, especially in Maharashtra, This is because the cane produced here has a higher sucrose content. The cooler climate also ensures a longer crushing season. Moreover, the cooperatives are more successful in these states. Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option:

Question. On the basis of raw material used, Sugar Industry falls in the category of _________ industries.
Answer : Agro-based Industries.

Question. Arrange the following steps in the correct sequence and choose the correct option:
(i) Crystallization and refinement.
(ii) Juice extraction pressing
(iii) Packing and transporting to the market
(iv) Cleaning and slicing of cane
(v) Purification and evaporation
(a) iii-ii-v-i-iv (b) i-iv-ii-v-iii
(c) iv-ii-v-i-iii (d) iv-i-iii-ii-v
Answer : C

Question. Which one of the following is not a reason behind shifting of sugar industry to the southern and western states?
(a) More Juice content in cane
(b) More capital and developed cooperative system
(c) Easier to export
(d) Lack of labour in northern states
Answer : A

Question. Maximum concentration of sugar mills lie in U.P. and Bihar because _________
(a) Soil supports sugarcane crop only.
(b) Farmers are expert in growing sugarcane only.
(c) Easy availability of labour.
(d) High moisture in this region.
Answer : C

Read the passage given below and answer the questions that follow:
The iron and steel industry is the basic industry since all the other industries — heavy, medium and light, depend on it for their machinery. Steel is needed to manufacture a variety of engineering goods, construction material, defence, medical, telephonic, scientific equipment and a variety of consumer goods. Production and consumption of steel is often regarded as the index of a country’s development. Iron and stee is a heavy industry because all the raw materials as well as finished goods are heavy and bulky entailing heavy transportation costs. Iron ore, coking coal and lime stone are required in the ratio of approximately 4 : 2 : 1. Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel.India ranks 3rd among the world crude steel producers. It is the largest producer of sponge iron. In 2016 per capita consumption of steel in the country was only around 63 kg per annum against the world average of 208 kg.

Answer the following MCQs by choosing the most appropriate option

Question. Iron and steel industry is the largest industry that comes in the category of _________.
Answer : Mineral-based Industries.

Question. Match the different metals with their best uses given below and choose the correct option.
Choose the correct option—

(a) a-3, b-1, c-2, d-4
(b) a-4, b-1, c-2, d-3
(c) a-4, b-3, c-1, d-2
(d) a-3, b-4, c-1, d-2
Answer : B

Question. Which one of the following is not a step involve in the processes of Manufacture of Steel?
(a) Transportation of raw material to the plants.
(b) Clearing impurities and use of blast furnace
(c) Melting and oxidizing pig iron
(d) Ginning and spinning
Answer : D

Question. Lower per capital consumption of steel is an indicator of:
(a) High Exports
(b) Increase Per capita Income
(c) Expansion in infrastructure
(d) Interlinking of sectors of Economy
Answer : C

Question. What value is promoted due to advancement of International trade.
(a) Global Interdependence
(b) Supports local trade
(c) Earn Foreign Exchange
(d) Social responsibility
Answer: A

Very Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries 

Question : What happened to our traditional industries during the colonial period?
Answer :  Our traditional industries suffered a setback during the colonial period because they could not compete with the mill-make cloth from England.

Question : What is the position of India in the production of sugar in world?
Answer :   India holds second position in the production of sugar.

Question. The manufacturing units are also called as _______ sector, as they obtain raw material from primary sector. 
                                                                                OR
The average income earned per person in a given area is calculated by dividing its total income by its total ________.
Answer : Secondary.
      OR
Population

Question. Complete the following : Manufacturing industries help in moderning _____.
Answer : Agriculture, which forms the backbone of air economy.

Question. Business Processes Outsourcing (BPO) is an example of ______industry in India.
Answer : Information Technology.

Question. Correct the following statement and rewrite :
The location of a factory is influenced by weather condition, availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market facilities.
Answer : The location of a factory is influenced by Government policies, availability of raw material, labour, capital, power and market facilities

Question. Lime stone, silica, alumina and gypsum are the raw materials of _____ industry.
Answer : Cement Industry.

Question. Name a person who sells goods?
                            OR
Iron and steel industry belong to which category?
Answer : Retailer.
           OR
Large scale industry.

Question. Sugar Industry in Maharashtra comes under which category ?
Answer : Sugar industry in Maharashtra falls under the category of cooperative sector industries which are owned and operated by the producers or suppliers of raw materials, workers or both.

Question. What is manufacturing ?
Answer : Production of goods in large quantities after processing from raw materials into more valuable products is called manufacturing.

Question. How can foreign exchange be brought in the country ?
Answer : Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, bringing in the much needed foreign exchange.

Question. How are agriculture and industry correlated ?
Answer : Agriculture provides raw materials for the industries, whereas, agro based industries have given a major boost to agriculture by raising its productivity value.

Question. Why was National Jute Policy formulated ?
Answer : National Jute Policy was formulated in the year 2005 with the objective of increasing productivity, improving quality, ensuring good prices to the jute farmers and enhancing the yield per year.

Question. What are basic industries ?
Answer : Industries which supply their products or materials to manufacture other goods like iron and steel, etc. are known as basic or key industries.

Question. Which industries are called heavy industries ?
Answer : Industries which use heavy and bulky raw materials and manufacture heavy goods like iron and steel are called heavy industries.

Question. Which inputs are required for iron and steel industry ?
Answer : Iron ore, coking coal and limestone are required in the ratio of 4 : 2 : 1. Some quantities of manganese are also required to harden the steel.

Question. What is bauxite ?
Answer : Bauxite is the raw material used in the smelters. It is a bulky, dark reddish coloured rock.

Question. What is a large scale industry ?
Answer : The industries which employ large number of workers in each unit and have large production levels with more than one crore investment are known as large scale industries.

Question. How many jute mills are there in India and where are they located mostly ?
Answer : There are seventy jute mills in India and most of them are located in West Bengal.

Question. Industrial wastes are damaging our natural resources. Suggest any one way for judicious management of industrial waste.
Answer : Minimising the waste generation by maximising ash utilisation.

Short Questions for Class 10 Social Science Manufacturing Industries 

Question. Classify industries on the basis of their main role. How are the different from each other ?
Answer : Industries are classified on the basis of their main role into two:
(i) Basic or key industries
(ii) Consumer industries
Difference : They are different from each other as Basic or key industries supply their products as raw materials to manufacture other goods e.g. iron and steel and copper smelting, aluminium smelting whereas Consumer industries produce goods for direct use by consumers e.g. sugar, toothpaste, paper, sewing machines, fans etc.

Question. “Agriculture and industry are complimentary to each other.” Support the statement with three examples.
Answer : Agriculture and industry are not exclusive of each other and each depend on the other.
(i) For example, the agro-based industries in India have given a major boost to the agricultural sector by raising its productivity.
(ii) While many industries provide the basic raw materials to the industries, the industries provide machine tools and machineries required for agriculture.
(iii) Industrial products, such as irrigation pumps, fertilisers, insecticides, pesticides, plastic and PVC pipes, machines and tools, etc. are useful to the farmers.
Thus, development and competitiveness of manufacturing industry has not only assisted agriculturists in increasing their production but also made the production processes very efficient.

Question. Explain the importance of textile industry in India economy.
Answer : The textile industries contribute significantly to industrial production.
(i) After agriculture, textile industries employ the largest number of people.
(ii) They bring in about 26.4% of the total foreign exchange earnings
(iii) Their contribution towards the GDP is 4% which is quite significant.
(iv) Textile is the only industry which is self-sufficient and complete in its value chain.

Question. What is the importance of aluminium smelting industry ?
Answer : (i) Aluminium smelting is the second most important metallurgic industry in India.
(ii) It is light, resistant to corrosion, a good conductor of heat, malleable and becomes strong when it is mixed with other metals.
(iii) It is used to manufacture aircraft, utensils and wires.
(iv) It is used as a substitute of steel, copper, zinc and lead in a number of industries.

Question. ‘‘Consequences of environmental degradation do not respect national or state boundaries.‘‘ Justify the statement.
Answer : Environment is degraded through the depletion of resources like air, water and soil. It leads to destruction of ecosystem and extinction of wildlife. It is a global issue and has been debated over a decade.
(i) Pollution in one country may effect the other in form of acid rain, climate change etc. 
(ii) Deforestation in some countries may disturb the rainfall pattern in the surrounding countries.
(iii) Land degradation and dam burst can bring massive siltation and flood like situation.
Thus, consequences of the actions of one state or country may affect others, this proves that environmental degradation does not respect land boundaries

Question. What are the different types of industries based on ownership ?
Answer : On the basis of ownership, industries are classified as :
(i) Public sector industries : Owned and operated by government agencies–BHEL, SAIL, etc.
(ii) Private sector industries : Owned and operated by an individual or group of individuals–TISCO, Dabur Industries, etc.
(iii) Joint sector industries : Jointly run by the public and private sectors–Oil India Ltd.
(iv) Cooperative sector industries : Owned and operated by the producer or suppliers of raw material, workers or both–Sugar industries in Maharashtra.

Question. What are the different types of pollutions industries are responsible for ?
                           OR
Explain the types of industrial Pollutions.
Answer : Industries are responsible for the following types of pollutions :
(i) Air Pollution : The smoke from the industries pollute the air.
(ii) Water Pollution : It is caused by untreated organic and inorganic industrial wastes and affluent discharged into rivers.
(iii) Thermal pollution : It occurs when hot water from factories and thermal plants is drained into rivers and ponds before cooling.
(iv) Noise pollution : It not only results in irritation
and anger, it can also cause hearing impairment, increased heart rate and blood pressure among other physiological effects. Unwanted sound is an irritant and a source of stress.
(v) Land Pollution : Land and water pollution are closely related. Dumping of industrial waste specially glasses, harmful chemicals, salts, etc., into soil, resulting in degradation of soil.

Question. State the factors responsible for the location of jute factory in the Hugli Basin.
                                                                 OR
The jute textile industry is mainly concentrated in the Hugli Basin. Mention four factors for the same.
Answer : Factors responsible for the concentration of the jute textile industry in the Hugli basin in West Bengal are :
(i) Proximity of the jute producing areas. West Bengal is called the ‘home of jute’ which produces the highest amount of jute fibre.
(ii) As the jute industry requires a lot of water which is easily available from the Hugli river supported by a good network of railways, roadways and waterways.
(iii) Cheap labour from West Bengal and adjoining states of Bihar, Odisha and Uttar Pradesh is available.

Question. Why our trade in garments is only 4% of the word's total output although we have a large share in the world trade of cotton yarn?
Answer : (i) The reason behind the low percentage of garment trade is that the weaving, knitting and processing units cannot use much of the high quality yarn that is produced in the country
(ii) There are some large and modern factories in these segments but most of the production is in fragmented small units which cater to local markets.
(iii) This mismatch is a major drawback and as a result many spinners export cotton yarn while garment manufacturers have to import fabric.

Question. Why the Chhotanagpur plateau region has a high concentration of iron and steel industries ?
Answer : Chhotanagpur plateau region has high concentration of iron and steel industries because :
(i) This region has relative advantages for the development of this industry.
(ii) Due to the low cost of iron ore, availability of high grade raw materials in close proximity, cheap labour and vast growth of potential in the home market.
(iii) Due to good import and export facilities provided by the Kolkata port.

Question. Suggest any three measures to minimize the environmental degradation by the industries in India.
Answer : Three measures that can be taken to minimize environmental degradation by industries are
(a) Air pollution :
(i) Particulate matter in the air can be reduced by fitting smoke stacks to factories with electrostatic precipitators, fabric filters, scrubbers and inertial separators.
(ii) It can be reduced by using oil or gas instead of coal
(b) Noise pollution :
(i) Machinery, equipment and generators should be fitted with silencers.
(ii) Almost all machinery can be redesigned to increase energy efficiency and reduce noise.
(iii) Noise absorbing material may be used beside personal use of earplugs and earphones.
(c) Water pollution :
(i) Water should be reused and recycled water to minimise its use for processing.
(ii) Harvesting rainwater should be practiced to meet water requirements.
(iii) Hot water and effluents should be treated before discharging them in rivers and ponds.

Question. What is manufacturing ? How is manufacturing industry important for India ?
Answer : Manufacturing is the production of goods in large quantity after processing raw material into more valuable products. Manufacturing sector is considered the backbone of development in general and economic development in particular mainly because : 
(i) Manufacturing industries not only help in modernising agriculture, which forms the backbone of our economy but they also reduce the heavy dependence of people on agricultural income by providing them jobs in secondary and tertiary sectors.
(ii) Industrial development is a precondition for eradication of unemployment and poverty from our country. This was the main philosophy behind the set-up of public sector industries and joint sector ventures in India. It was also aimed at bringing down regional disparities by establishing industries in tribal and backward areas.
(iii) Export of manufactured goods expands trade and commerce, and brings in much needed foreign exchange.
(iv) Countries that transform their raw materials into a wide variety of finished goods of higher value are prosperous. India’s prosperity lies in increasing
and diversifying its manufacturing industries as quickly as possible.

Question. How are industries responsible for environmental degradation in India? Explain with examples.
Answer : Industries are responsible for environmental degradation in India by following ways :
(i) The presence of high proportion of undesirable gases such as sulphur dioxide, and carbon monoxide is a product of these industries. They affect the environment majorly.
(ii) Industrial and construction activities, machinery and factory equipments, generators, saws and pneumatic and electric drills also make a lot of noise in environment.
(iii) The main culprits in this regard are paper, pulp, chemical and textile industries that let out dyes, detergents, acids, salts and heavy metals etc. with carbon, plastic and rubber into the water bodies.
(iv) Air-borne waste particle contains both solid and liquid particles like dust, sprays, mist and smoke which pollutes the environment

Question. Enlist the contribution of IT and electronics industries in the economy.
Answer : (i) The electronic industry covers a wide range of produces from transistor sets to television, telephone, cellular telecoms and other equipment
required by the telecommunication industry.
(ii) Eighteen software technology parks provide single windows service and high data communication facility to software export.
(iii) A major impact of this industry has been employment generation. Till 31st march 2005, the IT industry employed over one million people.
(iv) This number is expected to increases by eight-fold in the next 3 to 4 years.
(v) It is encouraging to know that 30% of the people employed in this sector are women.
(vi) This industry has been a major foreign exchange earner in the last 2 or 3 years because of is fast growing Business Process Outsourcing (BPO) sector.
(vii) The continuing growth in the hardware and software is the key to the success of IT industry in India.

Question. Give some facts about the fertiliser industry.
Answer : (i) The fertiliser industry is centred on the production of nitrogenous fertilisers, phosphate fertilisers, ammonium phosphate and complex fertilisers.
(ii) India is the third largest producer of nitrogenous fertilisers.
(iii) There are 57 fertiliser units manufacturing nitrogenous and complex nitrogenous fertilisers,
29 for urea and 9 for producing ammonium sulphate.
(iv) There are ten public sector undertakings and one in cooperative sector at Hazira in Gujarat under the Fertiliser Corporations of India.
(v) After the Green Revolution, the industry has expanded to several other parts of the country.
(vi) Gujarat, Tamil Nadu, Uttar Pradesh, Punjab and Kerala contribute towards half the fertiliser production of the country.

Question. Explain the factors which are responsible for location of industries.
                                                        OR
Explain with examples any five factors that are responsible for industrial location.
Answer : The factors which are responsible for location of industries are given below :
(i) Nearness to the source of raw material : Large quantities of raw materials are needed for industries. Therefore industries are located near the source of raw materials. It saves the cost of transportation. Steel centres are developed where coal and iron are easily available. Jute mills in West Bengal and the cotton textile mills in Maharashtra are located due to the availability of raw materials.
(ii) Power resources : Coal, oil and water are the main sources of power. Most of the industries are located near coal fields. Aluminum industries and paper industries are located near hydroelectric stations.
(iii) Means of Transportation : Modern Industries need cheap, developed and quick means of transportation. Cheap means of transportation are required for the movement of workers, raw materials and machinery to the factories.
(iv) Climate : Stimulating climate increase the efficiency of the labourers. The cotton textile industry required humid climate. The film industry needs good weather with clear blue skies. Similarly the aircraft industry also needs clear weather.
(v) Skilled Labour : Cheap and skilled labour is essential for the location of industries. Glass industry at Firozabad and the sports goods industry in Jalandhar are located due to the availability of skilled labour.

Question. How urbanisation depends upon industries ?
Answer : (i) Urbanisation totally depends upon industries. industrial locations are very complex in nature and are influence by the availability of raw material, labour, capital, power, resource and market but all these factor are rare to find at one place .
(ii) So manufacturing activities tend to locate at the most appropriate place where all the factors can be arranged at a lower cost.
(iii) After an industrial activity starts, urbanisation follows. Sometimes, industries are located in or near the cities.
(iv) Cities provide markets and also provide services such as banking, insurance, transport , labour, consultants and financial advice to the industry

Question. Explain the ways through which the industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced.
                                                  OR
How can the industrial pollution of fresh water be reduced ? Explain various ways. 2019 (OD) Set-I
Answer : The industrial pollution of fresh water can be reduced by following ways:
(i) Minimising the use of water for processing by reusing.
(ii) Harvesting of rain water to meet water requirement.
(iii) Treating hot water and effluents before releasing them in rivers and ponds.
(iv) Regulation of use of ground water by industries.
(v) Installing water treatment plants at the industrial sites for recycling.

Question. Analyse the role of chemical industries in the Indian economy. 
Answer : The role of chemical industries in the Indian economy is as follows :
(i) Its GDP contribution is 3%
(ii) India's chemical industry is the 3rd largest in Asia and 12th Largest in the world
(iii) It has large-scale manufacturing units.
(iv) The inorganic and organic sectors of chemical industry shows rapid growth
(v) Organic chemical like petrochemical is used for producing synthetic fibres, rubber, plastic, and dyes