CBSE Class 10 Social Science Nationalism in India VBQs in Hindi

(A) Wanted Members of Congress to return to Council Politics.
(B) Wanted Members of Congress to ask for Purna Swaraj for Indians.
(C) Wanted Members of Congress to ask Dominion Status for India.
(D) Wanted Members of Congress to oppose Simon Commission.

Answer : A

Question. 
(A) (i)-(a), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(c) 
(B) (i)-(d), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)
(C) (i)-(b), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(c)
(D) (i)-(b), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(c)

Answer : D

Question. Find the incorrect option from the following: 
(A) Mahatma Gandhi found sugar a powerful symbol that could unite a nation.
(B) On 31st January, 1930 he sent a letter to Viceroy Irwin stating eleven demands.
(C) Some of these were of general interest; others were specific demands of different classes, from Industrialists to Peasants.
(D) The idea was to make the demands wide-ranging, so that all classes within Indian society could identify with them and everyone could be brought together in a united campaign.

Answer : A

Question. With the growth of Nationalism, who created the image of Bharat Mata? 
(A) Abanindranath Tagore
(B) Rabindranath Tagore
(C) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(D) Mahatma Gandhi

Answer : A

Question. Study the picture and answer the question that follows: 

Which of the following things is being held by Jawaharlal Nehru in this image?
(A) Bhagwad Gita
(B) Image of Bharat Mata
(C) Discovery of India
(D) Hind Swaraj

Answer : B

Question. Which of the following agreement gave seats to the Depressed Classes in Provincial and Central Legislative Council? 
(A) Poona Pact
(B) Lucknow Pact
(C) Gandhi – Irwin Pact
(D) None of these

Answer : A

Question. Analyze the information given below, consider the following given options and identify the most appropriate one in reference to the given information:
Mahatma Gandhi’s letter was, in a way, an ultimatum. If the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March, the letter stated, the Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign. Irwin was unwilling to negotiate. So Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Salt March accompanied by 78 of his trusted volunteers. The march was over 240 miles, from Gandhiji’s ashram in Sabarmati to the Gujarati coastal town of Dandi. The volunteers walked for 24 days, about 10 miles a day. Thousands came to hear Mahatma Gandhi wherever he stopped, and he told them what he meant by Swaraj and urged them to peacefully defy the British. On 6 April, 1930 he reached Dandi and ceremonially violated the law, manufacturing salt by boiling sea water.
(A) Non-Cooperation Movement
(B) Salt March
(C) Khilafat Movement
(D) Rowlatt Act

Answer : B

Question. Find the incorrect option from the following: 
(A) In 1928, Vallabhbhai Patel led the Peasant Movement in Bardoli, a taluka in Gujarat.
(B) It was against enhancement of land revenue, known as the Civil Disobedience Movement.
(C) This Movement was a success under the able leadership of Vallabhbhai Patel.
(D) The struggle was widely publicized and generated immense sympathy in many parts of India.

Answer : B

Question. 
(A) (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b)
(B) (i)-(b), (ii)-(c ), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a)
(C) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(c)
(D) (i)-(c), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(d)

Answer : B

Question. Arrange the following in the correct sequence:
(i) Formation of the Muslim League.
(ii) The First Word War.
(iii) The first meeting of the Indian National Congress in Bombay.
(iv) Through the war prices increased in double. 
Options:
(A) (ii) - (iv) - (iii) - (i)
(B) (i) - (iii) - (iv) - (ii)
(C) (iv) - (ii) - (i) - (iii)
(D) (iii) - (i) - (ii) - (iv)

Answer : D

Question. Which of the following was the reason for calling off 'The Non-Cooperation Movement' by Gandhiji?
(A) Pressure from the British Government
(B) Second Round Table Conference
(C) Gandhiji's arrest
(D) Chauri-Chaura incident

Answer : D

Question. 
(A) (i)-(c), (ii)-(d), (iii)-(a), (iv)-(b) 
(B) (i)-(b), (ii)-(c), (iii)-(d), (iv)-(a)
(C) (i)-(d), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(c)
(D) (i)-(c), (ii)-(a), (iii)-(b), (iv)-(d)

Answer : A

Question. Find the incorrect option from the following: 
(A) Against this background the new Tory Government in Britain constituted a Statutory Commission under Sir John Simon.
(B) Set up in response to Nationalist Movement, the Commission was to look into the functioning of the Constitutional System in India and suggest changes.
(C) The problem was that the Commission did not have a single Indian Member. 
(D) They were all Americans.

Answer : D

Question. In which of the following Indian National Congress Session, the idea of Non-Cooperation Movement was accepted? 
(A) Lahore Session
(B) Nagpur Session
(C) Calcutta Session
(D) Madras Session 

Answer : C

Question. Study the picture and answer the question that follows:

Which of the following events was related to this image of Gandhi? 
(A) Non-Cooperation Movement
(B) Kheda Satyagraha
(C) Dandi March
(D) None of these 

Answer : C

Question. Arrange the following in the correct sequence:
(i) Rowlatt Act passed. 
(ii) The Partition of Bengal officially came into existence.
(iii) Satyagraha Movement in Ahmedabad.
(iv) Satyagraha Movement in Kheda District (Gujarat).
Options:
(A) (iv) - (ii) - (i) - (iii)
(B) (ii) - (iii) - (iv) - (i)
(C) (ii) - (iv) - (iii) - (i)
(D) (i) - (iii) - (ii) - (iv) 

Answer : C

Question. In the 19th Century India, the idea of Nationalism was revived through which of the following? 
(A) History and fictions
(B) Figure or images
(C) Folklore or songs
(D) Popular prints

Answer : C

Question. Who among the following wrote the 'Vande Mataram'? 
(A) Rabindranath Tagore
(B) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(C) Abanindranath Tagore
(D) Dwarkanath Tagore

Answer : B

Question. Study the picture and answer the question that follows: 

Which of the following personalities is shown in the given image?
(A) Vallabhbhai Patel
(B) C. R. Das
(C) Motilal Nehru
(D) Bal Gangadhar Tilak

Answer : D

Question. Certain events are given below. Choose the appropriate chronological order: 
(i) Coming of Simon Commission to India
(ii) Demand of Purna Swaraj in Lahore Session of INC
(iii) Government of India Act, 1919
(iv) Champaran Satyagraha
Options:
(A) (iii) - (ii) - (iv) - (i)
(B) (i) - (ii) - (iv) - (iii)
(C) (ii) - (iii) - (i) - (iv)
(D) (iv) - (iii) - (i) - (ii) 

Answer : D

Question. Analyze the information given below, consider the following given options and identify the most appropriate one in reference to the given information: 
As the national movement developed, nationalist leaders became more and more aware of such icons and symbols in unifying people and inspiring in them a feeling of nationalism. During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, a tricolor flag (red, green and yellow) was designed. It had eight lotuses representing eight provinces of British India and a crescent moon, representing Hindus and Muslims. By 1921, Gandhiji had designed the Swaraj flag. It was again a tricolor (red, green and white) and had a spinning wheel in the centre, representing the Gandhian ideal of self-help. Carrying the flag, holding it aloft, during marches became a symbol of defiance.
(A) Designing of icons
(B) Designing of tricolour flag
(C) Designing of national symbols
(D) Designing of images

Answer : B

Assertion and Reason Based MCQs :

Directions : In the following questions, A statement of Assertion (A) is followed by a statement of Reason (R). Mark the correct choice as:
(A) Both A and R are true and R is the correct explanation of A.
(B) Both A and R are true but R is NOT the correct explanation of A.
(C) A is true but R is false.
(D) A is false and R is true.

Question. Assertion (A): Folklores gave a picture of traditional culture, it helps in discovering a national identity and restoring a sense of pride in one's past.
Reason (R): Nationalism spreads when people discover some unity that binds them together 

Answer : B

Question. Assertion (A): Dyer entered the area, blocked the exit points and opened fire on the crowd, killing hundreds. 
Reason (R): His object, as he declared later, was to 'produce a moral effect', to create in the minds of satyagrahis a feeling of terror and awe.

Answer : A

Question. Assertion (A): Between 1921-1922, production of tea and coffee grew up. 
Reason (R): As the Non-Cooperation moved into economic sphere, Foreign goods and clothes were boycotted and burnt.

Answer : D

Question. Assertion (A): It was declared that 26th January, 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day when people were to take a pledge to struggle for Complete Independence. 
Reason (R): Mahatma Gandhi had to find a way to relate this abstract idea of freedom to more concrete issues of everyday life.

Answer : B

Question. Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to launch Civil Disobedience Movement by violating Salt Law. 
Reason (R): An image or figure helps people to identify with the nation.

Answer : C

Question. Assertion (A): Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. 
Reason (R): Students and Teachers began trickling back to Government Schools and Lawyers joined back work in Government Courts.

Answer : B

Question. Assertion (A): Mahatma Gandhi decided to take up the Khilafat issue. 
Reason (R): After many leaders were arrested, violent clashes broke out at many places in India and women and children were beaten up.

Answer : B

Case-bassed MCQs :

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:

The Movement started with middle-class participation in the cities. Thousands of students left Government- controlled schools and colleges, headmasters and teachers resigned, and lawyers gave up their legal practices. The Council Elections were boycotted in most provinces except Madras, where the Justice Party, the party of the non-Brahmans, felt that entering the council was one way of gaining some power-something that usually only Brahmans had access to.
The effects of Non-Cooperation on the economic front were more dramatic. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in huge bonfires. The import of
foreign cloth halved between 1921 and 1922, its value dropping from ` 102 crore to ` 57 crore. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade. As the boycott movement spread, and people began discarding imported clothes and wearing only Indian ones, production of Indian Textile Mills and handlooms went up.
But this Movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons. Khadi cloth was often more expensive than mass produced mill cloth and poor people could not afford to buy it. How then could they boycott mill cloth for too long? Similarly, the boycott of British institutions posed a problem. For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be set up so that they could be used in place of the British ones. These were slow to come up. So students and teachers began trickling back to government schools and lawyers joined back work in Government Courts.

Question. The import of Foreign cloth between 1921 and 1922 saw changes because: 
(A) its value dropped from ` 100 crore to ` 97 crore.
(B) its value dropped from ` 201 crore to ` 150 crore.
(C) its value dropped from ` 102 crore to ` 57 crore.
(D) its value dropped from ` 102 crore to ` 75 crore.

Answer : C

Question. Thousands of ____________ left government controlled schools and colleges and _______ gave up their legal practices. 
(A) teachers, judges.
(B) headmasters, clerks.
(C) students, advocates.
(D) students, lawyers

Answer : D

Question. What was the purpose of Justice Party to contest Elections to the Council in Madras? Select the appropriate option: 
(A) It wanted to contest elections to the Council as it was one of the ways to gain some income that usually only Brahmans had access to.
(B) It wanted to contest elections to the Council as it was one of the ways to gain some power that usually only Brahmans had access to.
(C) It wanted to contest elections to the Council as it was one of the way to gain more popularity that usually only Brahmans had access to.
(D) It wanted to contest elections to the Council as it was one of the ways to take revenge from Brahmans.

Answer : B

Question. How was the effect of ‘Non-Cooperation on the economic front’ dramatic? 
(A) Merchants refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.
(B) The merchants imported goods from other countries.
(C) The neighbouring countries were offering same goods at cheaper prices.
(D) Public was not interested in buying foreign goods.

Answer : A

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follows:

The identity of the nation, as you know is most often symbolised in a figure or image. This helps create an image with which people can identify the nation. It was in the twentieth century, with the growth of nationalism, that the identity of India came to be visually associated with the image of Bharat Mata. The image was first created by Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay. In the 1870s, he wrote ‘Vande Mataram’ as a hymn to the Motherland. Later it was included in his novel Anandamath and widely sung during the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal. Moved by the Swadeshi movement, Abanindranath Tagore painted his famous image of Bharat Mata. In this painting Bharat Mata is portrayed as an ascetic figure; she is calm, composed, divine and spiritual. In subsequent years, the image of Bharat Mata acquired many different forms, as it circulated in popular prints and was painted by different artists. Devotion to this mother figure came to be seen as evidence of one’s nationalism. 

Question. Means of creating a feeling of nationalism was through: 
(A) Reinterpretation of Astronomy
(B) Reinterpretation of Philosophy
(C) Reinterpretation of Mythology
(D) Reinterpretation of History

Answer : D

Question. What quality is emphasized by Bharat mata? 
(A) Anxious
(B) Sacred
(C) Mortal
(D) All of the above

Answer : B

Question. Bharat Mata was first created by: 
(A) Bankim Chandra Chattopadhyay
(B) Natesa Sastri
(C) Rabindranath Tagore
(D) Abanindranath Tagore

Answer : A

Question. As Bharat Mata is to India, ___________ is to Italy and ____________ is to Germany. 
(A) Statue of Liberty, Mother Mary
(B) Marianne, Germania
(C) Germania, Marianne
(D) Statue of Liberty, Germania

Answer : B

Read the source given below and answer the questions that follow:

In the countryside, rich peasant communities – like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh – were active in the movement. Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand. And the refusal of the government to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread resentment. These rich peasants became enthusiastic supporters of the Civil Disobedience Movement, organising their communities and at times forcing reluctant members, to participate in the boycott programmes. For them the fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues. But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the revenue rates being revised. So, when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate.
The poorer peasantry were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand. Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords. As the Depression continued and cash incomes dwindled, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rent. They wanted the unpaid rent to the landlord to be remitted. They joined a variety of radical movements, often led by Socialists and Communists. Apprehensive of raising issues that might upset the rich peasants and landlords, the Congress was unwilling to support ‘no rent’ campaigns in most places. So, the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress remained uncertain.

Question. Who led the Peasant's Movement in Awadh?
(A) Baba Ramnath 
(B) Baba Ramchandra
(C) Baba Ramdev
(D) Baba Ram Mohan

Answer : B

Question. For plantation workers in Assam, which Act did not permit them to leave the tea gardens without permission? 
(A) Inland Emigration Act of 1947
(B) Inland Emigration Act of 1839
(C) Inland Emigration Act of 1859
(D) Inland Emigration Act of 1887

Answer : C

Question. Patidars and Jats are rich Peasants of which State?
(A) Gujarat and Uttar Pradesh 
(B) Gujarat and Himachal Pradesh
(C) Uttar Pradesh and Rajasthan
(D) Punjab and Haryana

Answer : A

Question. Congress was unwilling to support _________ campaigns in most places. 
(A) high rent
(B) no rent
(C) low rent
(D) equal rent

Answer : B

LONG ANSWER QUESTIONS

Question. How did the First world war help in the growth of national movement in India?
OR State the implications of the first world war on India’s freedom struggle?
OR How the post first world war scenario in India was responsible in instigating (उकसाना) the Anti-
British feelings among Indians?
Answer : Implications of World War first
1.World war created a new economic and political situation all around the world.
2. Britain was under a huge war expenditure which was financed by war loans and increasing taxes.
3. Custom duty were raised and Income Tax was introduced.
4. The price rise was double during the war years. It lead to extreme hardship for the common people.
5. Forced recruitment of soldiers in the rural areas caused widespread anger.
6. At the same time failure of crops in many parts of India.
7. Same time, influenza epidemic broke out.
All the factors together were responsible to the growth of anti-British feeling among the IndiAnswer :

Question. What is meant by the idea of ‘Satyagraha’?
OR ‘A Satyagrahi wins the battle through non-violence.’ Explain with examples.
Answer : The idea of Satyagraha
1.The idea of Satyagraha emphasized the power of truth and the need to search for truth.
2. If the cause was true, if the struggle was against injustice, then physical force was not necessary to fight the oppressor.
3. A satyagrahi could win the battle through non-violence.
4. This could be done by appealing to the conscience of the oppressor.
5. People, including the oppressors, had to be persuaded to see the truth, instead of being forced to accept truth through use of violence.
6. By this struggle, truth was bound to ultimately triumph.

Question. Mention some of the early political agitations of Mahatma Gandhi in India.
Answer : Early political movements of Mahatma Gandhi in India
1. After arriving in India, Mahatma Gandhi successfully organized Satyagraha movements in various places.
2. In 1916, he traveled to Champaran in Bihar to inspire the peasants to struggle against the oppressive plantation system.
3. In 1917, He organized a Satyagraha to support the peasants of Kheda district of Gujarat. they were affected by crop failure and a plague epidemic so the peasants of Kheda could not pay the revenue and they were demanding for relaxation in revenue collection.
4. In 1918, Mahatma Gandhi went to Ahmedabad to organize a Satyagraha movement amongst cotton mill workers.

Question. Write a note on the Rowlatt Act.
OR Why Indians were outraged by the Rowlatt Act?
Answer : The Rowlatt Act
1. British government hurriedly passed an act in respect to Gandhiji's idea of Satyagraha.
2. This act gave the government enormous power to repress political activities.
3. It also allowed detention of political Prisoners without trial for 2 years.
*Protest of Rowlatt Act/Rowlatt Satyagraha :- Gandhi ji decided to launch a nationwide Satyagraha against the proposed act in 1919.
He wanted nonviolent civil disobedience against search unjust laws.
Which would start with hartal on 6 April.
*Steps taken in Rowlatt Satyagraha
1. Rallies were organized in various cities.
2. Workers went on strike in railway workshop.
3. Shops closed down.
4. Afraid of this moment, the British administration decided to start repression on Nationalists.
5. Mahatma Gandhi was barred from entering Delhi and Martial Law was imposed.

Question. Write a note on Jallianwala Bagh incident. 
OR What were the circumstances that led to the the Jallianwala Bagh mascare?
OR Why was the the Rowlatt Satyagraha launched? Why was it called off?
Answer : I. Hartal was started in Amritsar on 6th April.
II. Most of the local leaders of Amritsar were arrested on 10th April and Martial Law was imposed.
III. General Dyer took command of law and order.
IV. Jallianwala Bagh is a small bag outside of Amritsar.
V. On 13th April, villagers were gathered to celebrate Baisakhi and some were present to protest against Rowlatt Act.
VI. villagers were au aware of the Martial that had been imposed in Amritsar.
VII. General Dyer entered the area, block the exit points and ordered fire on the crowd.
VIII. Hundreds of people were killed and thousands were injured.
IX. Later dyer’s remark was that it was all done to produce terror among IndiAnswer :Seeing violence spread, Mahatma Gandhi called off the movement.

Question. What was Khilafat issue? How did it become part of the Nationalist movement?
Answer : I. Turkey was under Ottoman Empire.
II. The ruler of Turkey was called Khalifa.
III. He was the spiritual leader of Muslims all around the world.
IV. Britain defeated Turkey in world war.
V. Britain deththroned the existing Khalifa and appointed A new Khalifa in his place.
VI. It caused the wide spread anger among the Muslims all over the world.
VII. In India also Muslims started protesting against the British by forming Khilafat committee under the leadership of Muhammad Ali and Shaukat Ali.
VIII. Gandhiji saw this as golden opportunity to bring Muslims under the umbrella of a unified struggle against British. IX. Gandhiji convinced all Congress leader to support Khilafat movement in support of Swaraj.

Question. What were the reasons for the launching of the Non-cooperation movement?
OR What was Gandhiji's idea behind launching it as stated in his book Hind Swaraj?
OR Why Gandhiji decided to launch non co-operation movement?
Answer : I. Gandhi ji declared in his book “Hind Swaraj” in 1909.
II. He believed that British rule was established in India with the co-operation of Indians and had survived
only because of this cooperation.
III. If Indian refused to co-operate British rule in India, it would collapse within a year.
IV. And finally we would achieve Swaraj.

Question. How did the non-cooperation movement unfold? Who participated in it? How did different social group conceive of the idea of Non-Cooperation?
OR How did non co-operation movement become a mass movement?
OR How did different social groups conceive the idea of non- cooperation?
Answer :Movement in towns steps taken for the success of non cooperation movement
I. In towns, the moment started with middle class participation in the cities.
II. Thousands of students left their government controlled schools and colleges.
III. Headmaster and teachers resigned.
IV. Lawyers give up their legal practices.
V. Foreign goods were boycotted.
VI. Foreign clothes were burnt in huge bonfire.
VII. Liquor shops were picketed.
VIII. The Council elections were boycotted.

Question. Why the non-cooperation movement failed early in towns?
OR Why was the non-cooperation movement slowed down in cities?
Answer : The non-cooperation movement in the cities gradually slowed down for a variety of reasons.
I. Khadi was too much expensive than the British produced mill cloth.
II. Poor people could not afford to wear Khadi.
III. For the movement to be successful, alternative Indian institutions had to be opened but its process was very slow.
IV. Teachers and children started going back to their schools.
V. Lawyers started going back to their courts.
Movement in countryside (villages)

Question. What were the causes for the peasants movement in Awadh? How did they organize it?
Answer : I. The movement in Awadh was against talukdars and landlords.
II. They demanded high amount of revenue from the peasants.
III. The movement was led by Sanyasi Baba Ramchandra.
IV. Peasants had to do begaar and work at landlords’ farms without any payment.
V. The peasant movement demanded reduction of revenue, abolition of begaar and social boycott of oppressive landlords.
VI. In many places 'Nai-dhobi bandhs' were organized by panchayats.

Question. Give an example to prove that the tribal peasants interpreted the message of non-cooperation Movement in different way.
OR How did the non-cooperation Movement unfold in hills or among the tribals?
Answer : Movement among tribals-
I. NCM among the tribals was started in gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
II. Started in the form of militant guerrilla movement against the British .
III. British had closed large area of forest land and they also prevented the tribals to enter into it.
IV. This caused the wide spread anger among the tribals against the British .
V. Not only the livelihood was affected But the tribal saw it as the attack on their traditional right.
VI. Hence, tribals joined the non-cooperation movement.

Question. Who was Alluri Sitaram Raju?
OR Write a short note on Raju's contribution in the NCM among the tribals.
Answer :I. Alluri sitarama Raju was an interesting character.
II. He led the NCM among the tribals in gudem hills of Andhra Pradesh.
III. He claimed that he had a variety of special power.
IV. He could make correct astrological predictions.
V. He could Heal treat the people he could even survive Bullet shots.
VI. Raju was inspired by Mahatma Gandhi and his non-cooperation movement.
VII. He told the hill people to wear Khadi and give up drinking.
VIII. But, Raju believe that Swaraj could be achieved only through the use of violence.
IX. Raju was captured and executed in 1924.

Question. How did the plantation workers conceived the idea of non-cooperation movement?
OR What did Swaraj mean for the workers of plantation?
Answer : I. Under the inland emigration act of 1859, plantation workers were not allowed to leave the tea
gardens without permission & they were rarely given such permission .
II. When the heard of non-cooperation, they believed that Gandhi raj is coming and everyone would given
land in their own villages.
III. Thousands of workers disobeyed the owners, left the plantations and went home.
IV. They never reached their homes. They were caught by the police and brutally beaten up.

Question. Why did Mahatma Gandhi decided to withdraw the non-cooperation movement?
OR Why was non-cooperation movement called off by Gandhi ji ?
Answer : Non-cooperation movement was called off by Gandhi ji because of the following reason-
I. He felt that the moment was turning violent in many places.
II. Gandhi ji was firm believer of peaceful opposing the British.
III. Gandhiji believed that the Satyagrahis needed to be properly trained before they would be ready for mass struggle.
IV. Mahatma Gandhi called off the non-cooperation movement because of the Chauri-Chaura incident in February 1922.

Question. With what aim was the Swaraj Party setup? Who formed Swaraj Party?
Answer : I. Swaraj Party was setup by Motilal Nehru and CR Das in 1923.
II. They wanted to participate in election to the provincial Council.
III. They felt that it was important to oppose British policies within the Council.

Question. What was Simon Commission? Why Indians opposed it?
OR Why did Simon Commission visit India? Why was it boycotted?
Answer : I. Britain constituted a statutory commission under John Simon.
II. It was set up in response to the Nationalist movement.
III. The main objective of this Commission was to review the constitutional system of India and suggest changes.
III. The problem was that there was no single Indian member in the commission. They were all British.
IV. So Indians started to oppose this Simon Commission.

Question. What were the two important decisions taken at Lahore session of the Indian National Congress in 1929?
OR Discuss the significance of the congress session in 1929 in the freedom struggle of India.
Answer : I. The congress session of Lahore was held under the presidency of Jawaharlal Nehru in 1929.
II. In the session, the Indian National Congress demanded for Purna Swaraj or full Independence for India.
III. It was declared that 26 January 1930 would be celebrated as the Independence Day.
IV. People would take a pledge to struggle for complete Independence.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji start the civil disobedience movement?
OR Why did Gandhi ji considered salt as a powerful symbol of national movement against the British?
OR What was the Salt Satyagraha ( The Dandi March)
Answer : I.Congress declared full Independence at the Lahore session in 1929.
II. Congress decided to launch civil disobedience movement to get complete Independence.
III. Gandhiji send the letter to Lord Irwin stating 11 demands on 31 January 1930.
IV. The most important demand was to abolish the salt tax.
V. Salt was consumed by the rich and the poor and it was one of the most essential items of food.
VI. Mahatma Gandhi found salt as a powerful symbol that could unite the nation.
VII. The government imposed tax on salt and monopoly over its production.
VIII. Mahatma Gandhi declared it as the most oppressive face of British rule.
IX. Gandhiji give an ultimatum to the British that if the demands were not fulfilled by 11 March Congress would launch a civil disobedience campaign.
X. Since the demands were not accepted, Mahatma Gandhi started his famous Dandi March accompanied by 38 of his trusted volunteers.
XI. The march was over 240 miles from Sabarmati Ashram to Dandi.
XII. The volunteers walked for 24 days about 10 miles a day.
XIII. Gandhiji reached Dandi and violated the law producing salt by boiling sea water on 6 April.
XIV. This marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement.
(Point no. VII to XIV are answer for the salt Satyagraha or Dandi March)

Question. How was civil disobedience movement different from the non-cooperation movement?
Answer : I. The Non-cooperation movement was started to support the Khilafat movement in 1920 while the civil disobedience movement was started to get complete Independence in 1930.
II. The non-cooperation movement was the first mass Movement in which large number of peasants participated where as in civil disobedience movement a large number of women participated.
III. People were asked not to co-operate with British during the non-cooperation movement, whereas people were asked not to co-operate and to violate colonial laws in civil disobedience movement.

Question. Describe the civil disobedience movement. How did it become a mass movement?
Answer :I. The Dandi March marked the beginning of the civil disobedience movement.
II. People asked not only to refuse co-operation with the British but also to break colonial laws.
III. Thousands people broke the salt law and manufactured salt in different part of the country.
IV. They also demonstrated in front of government salt factories.
V. As the movement spread, foreign clothes were boycotted.
VI. Liquor shops were picketed.
VII. Peasants refused to pay revenue and chaukidari Taxes.
VIII. Village officials resigned in many places.
IX. Forest people violated forest laws by going into reserved forest to collect wood and graze cattles.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji call off civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. Most of the Congress leaders were arrested in April 1930.
II. Angry crowds demonstrated in the street of Peshawar, facing police firing.
III. Hundreds were killed and thousands were injured.
IV. When Mahatma Gandhi was arrested, industrial workers in Solapur attacked police post, municipal buildings, law courts and railway stations.
V. The frightened government responded with a policy of brutal repression.
VI. Peaceful satyagrahis were attacked, women and children were beaten up and 1 lac people were arrested. in such situation, Mahatma Gandhi decided to call of the moment.

Question. what were the main features of the Gandhi-Irwin pact?
Answer : I. Gandhi-Irwin pact which was signed in March 1931.
II. By this fact, the Congress agreed to join the second round table conference in London.
III. According to this agreement the government agreed to release all political Prisoners.
IV. Gandhi ji should attend the second round table conference.
V. And he should call of the civil disobedience movement.

Question. Why did Gandhi ji re-launch civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. The failure of second round table conference disappointed Gandhi ji.
II. When he came back to India, he saw that the government had begun a new cycle of repression.
III. Gaffar Khan and Jawaharlal Nehru were both in jail.
IV. Congress had been declared illegal.
V. A series of measures had been imposed to prevent meetings, demonstrations and boycotts.
With great apprehension, Mahatma Gandhi re-launched the civil disobedience movement.

Question. Describe the participation of different social groups in the civil disobedience movement. Why did they join the movement?
Answer : I. In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh were active in the movement.
II. They were producers of commercial crop and they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling price.
III. Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against Import of foreign goods. They also financially help the movement. They wanted to end colonial control over Indian economy. They joined civil disobedience movement and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
IV. Another important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large scale participation of women. During Gandhiji’S salt march, thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him. They participated in the protest marches, manufactured salt and picketed foreign cloth and liquor shops.
V. There were strikes by railway workers in 1930 and dock workers in 1932. In 1930 thousands of workers in chhotanagpur tin mines wore Gandhi caps and participated in protest rallies and boycott campaigns.

Question. Why did the rich peasant communities join the civil disobedience movement? Why did not they join when it was re-launched in 1932?
Answer : I. In the countryside, rich peasant communities like the Patidars of Gujarat and the Jats of Uttar Pradesh joined the movement.
II. Being producers of commercial crops, they were very hard hit by the trade depression and falling prices.
III. As their cash income disappeared, they found it impossible to pay the government’s revenue demand.
IV. The government refused to reduce the revenue demand led to widespread anger among them.
V. These rich peasants were actively participated in the boycott programs.
VI. For them the fight for Swaraj was a struggle against high revenues.
VII. But they were deeply disappointed when the movement was called off in 1931 without the deduction in revenue rates. Therefore, when the movement was restarted in 1932, many of them refused to participate.

Question. Why did the poor peasants not join the civil disobedience movement? Why the relationship between the poor peasants and the Congress was remained uncertain during civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. The poor peasants were not just interested in the lowering of the revenue demand.
II. Many of them were small tenants cultivating land they had rented from landlords.
III. As the depression continued and cash incomes decreased, the small tenants found it difficult to pay their rents.
IV. They wanted to be remitted from the unpaid rent of the landlord.
V. They joined a variety of radical movements and campaigns.
VI. Congress did not want to upset that rich peasants and landlords and was unwilling to support “no rent campaigns” of the poor peasants in most places.
So the relationship between the poor peasants and Congress remained uncertain.

Question. Why did the business class support the civil disobedience movement? Why did the business class not support the civil disobedience movement when it was re-launched?
Answer : I. Indian merchants and industrialists wanted protection against Import of foreign goods.
II. They wanted to end colonial control over Indian economy.
III. They joined civil disobedience movement and give financial help and refused to buy or sell imported goods.
IV. Most Businessman came to see Swaraj as a time when colonial restrictions on business would no longer exist, trade and industry would gain without any barriers.
V. They were afraid of the spread of militant activities and worried by giving influence of socialism among the younger members of the Congress.
VI. After the failure of the Round table conference, business group were no longer uniformly enthusiastic in the civil disobedience movement.

Question. How did the Indian merchants and industrialists protect their interest?
Answer :I. To organize business interests, they formed the Indian Industrial and commercial Congress in 1920 end the Federation of the Indian Chamber of Commerce and industries (FICCI) in 1927.
II. These organizations were led by Purushottam Das Thakur Das and G.D. Birla.
III. The Industrialists attacked the Colonial control over the Indian economy and supported the civil disobedience movement when it was first launched.
IV. They gave financial help and refused to buy or sell imported goods.

Question. Describe the participation of women in the civil disobedience movement. Why did the participation of women in large numbers in the movement not bring any radical change in the position of Indian women?
Answer : I. An important feature of the civil disobedience movement was the large scale participation of women.
II. Thousands of women came out of their homes to listen to him during Gandhiji's salt march.
III. They participated in protest marches, manufactured salt, picketed foreign cloths and liquor shops.
IV. Many of them went to jail.
V. In urban areas, these women were from high caste families and in rural areas they came from a rich peasant household.
VI. Moved by Gandhi Ji's call, they began to see service to the nation as a sacred duty of women.
VII. Gandhiji believed that it was the duty of women to look after home and be a good mother and wife.
VIII. After discouraged by Gandhiji and Congress, women did not hold any position of authority within the Congress. Women remained their symbolic presence in congress.

Question. Why did Gandhiji and Dr Ambedkar come into a conflict in the second round table conference? What was the result?
OR Explain the circumstances leading to the Poona pact 1932. What are its provisions?
Answer : POONA PACT
I. Dr. Ambedkar demanded separate electorates for the Dalits.
II. Gandhi ji opposed it because Gandhi ji believed that separate electorates for the dalits would slow down
the process of their integration into society.
III. When the British government granted Ambedkar's demand, Gandhi ji began a fast unto death.
IV. Ambedkar finally accepted Gandhiji's position and the result was the Poona pact of September 1932.
VI. It give the depressed a reserved seats in provincial and Central legislative councils but they were to be voted in by the general electorates.

Question. What were the limits of the civil disobedience movement?
Answer : I. For long, the Congress had ignored the dalits, fearing of offending the Sanatanis, the conservative high-caste Hindus. Therefore dalits did not participate in the movement.
II. Some of the Muslim political organizations did not respond to the civil disobedience movement since Congress is more associated with Hindu associations.
III. The relationship between the poor peasants and Congress remained uncertain during this period.Congress did not want to upset the rich peasants and landlords and was unwilling to support campaigns of the poor peasants in most places.

Question. Describe briefly any three economic effects of the non-cooperation movement.
Answer : I. Foreign goods were boycotted, liquor shops picketed and foreign cloth burnt in the huge bonfires.
II. The import of foreign cloth halved between 1921and 1922.
III. Its value dropped from rupees 102 crore to Rupees 57 crore.
IV. In many places merchants and traders refused to trade in foreign goods or finance foreign trade.

Question. How had a variety of cultural processes developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century? Explain with examples. 
OR/ "Nationalism spreads when people begin to believe that they are all part of the same nation."
Support the statement.
Answer : We had a variety of cultural processes that developed a sense of collective belongingness in India during the 19th century these are following:
■ Cultural Processes: Figures or images helped to create an image with which people identify their Nation.Abanindranath Tagore painted the famous image of Bharat Mata as she is calm, divine and spiritual.
■ Indian Folklore: Ideas of nationalism also developed through a movement to receive Indian folklore. Folk tales gave a true picture of the traditional culture.
■ National Symbols: During the Swadeshi Movement in Bengal, a tricolor flag was designed. Gandhi ji also designed the Swraj flag in 1921.
■ Reinterpretation of History: The British saw Indians as backward, primitive and incapable of governing.In response, Indian began looking into the past to discover India's great achievements.
■ New Hymns: "Vande Mataram" and "Jan gan man" wrote to create a sense of collective belonging in IndiAnswer :