CBSE Class 5 EVS Force Work And Energy Worksheet

WORK SHEET - SECOND TERM - EVS
Chapter - 11, 12, 13 (What everything is made up of, Force, Work and Energy, Simple Machines) - CLASS V

Q. 1. Define the following terms:-
a. Matter
Answer: Matter is anything that has mass and occupies space. It is made up of tiny particles called molecules and atoms.
In simple words: Everything around us that takes up space and has weight is called matter.

Exam Tip: Remember the two key defining properties of matter: mass and volume (occupying space).

b. Atom
Answer: An atom is the smallest basic unit of matter that can take part in a chemical reaction.
In simple words: An atom is like a tiny building block that makes up all matter.

Exam Tip: Atoms are the fundamental building blocks of elements.

c. Molecules
Answer: A molecule is the smallest particle of a substance that can exist independently and retains the properties of that substance. It is formed when two or more atoms combine together.
In simple words: A molecule is a group of two or more atoms joined together.

Exam Tip: Clearly distinguish that atoms join together to form molecules.

d. Force
Answer: A push or a pull applied on an object is called force. Force can change the state of rest or motion of an object, change its direction, or alter its shape.
In simple words: Force is a push or pull that makes things move, stop, or change shape.

Exam Tip: Always include both 'push' and 'pull' in the definition of force.

e. Energy
Answer: Energy is defined as the capacity or ability to do work.
In simple words: Energy is the power required to do any work or activity.

Exam Tip: Short and direct definitions like "ability to do work" fetch full marks.

f. Machine
Answer: A machine is a tool or device that makes our work easier, faster, and allows us to apply force more efficiently.
In simple words: A machine is a device that helps us do work with less effort.

g. Wedges
Answer: A wedge is a simple machine made up of two inclined planes meeting at a sharp edge, used for splitting, cutting, or holding objects firmly.
In simple words: A wedge is a sharp tool used to cut or split things apart, like an axe or knife.

Exam Tip: Give examples such as an axe, knife, or needle to support the definition.

h. Evaporation
Answer: Evaporation is the process by which a liquid changes into a gas (water vapor) on heating or at room temperature.
In simple words: Evaporation is when liquid turns into gas and goes up into the air.

Exam Tip: Note that evaporation happens from the surface of a liquid at any temperature.

Q. 2. Name the following:-
a. The point above which a lever moves freely.
Answer: Fulcrum
In simple words: The fixed turning point of a lever is called the fulcrum.

Exam Tip: Memorize the three key parts of a lever: fulcrum, load, and effort.

b. The process of changing of gases in to liquids on cooling.
Answer: Condensation
In simple words: Cooling a gas to turn it into liquid is condensation.

Exam Tip: Do not confuse condensation with evaporation (which is liquid to gas).

c. The substances which are made up of only one kind of atoms.
Answer: Element
In simple words: Pure substances made of identical atoms are elements.

Exam Tip: Elements are pure chemical substances like oxygen, gold, and iron.

d. The force with which a magnet attracts certain substances.
Answer: Magnetic force
In simple words: The pull of a magnet is magnetic force.

Exam Tip: Magnetic force acts on magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt.

e. The force which opposes motion.
Answer: Friction
In simple words: Friction is the resistance when two surfaces rub against each other.

Exam Tip: Friction always acts in the direction opposite to the motion of the object.

Q. 3. Fill in the blanks:-
a. Heat makes a liquid change into its __________ form.
Answer: gaseous (or vapor)
In simple words: Heating a liquid turns it into gas.

Exam Tip: Remember the states of matter interconversion cycle.

b. Liquids have a ___________ volume, but they do not have a fixed shape.
Answer: definite (or fixed)
In simple words: Liquids take the shape of their container but maintain a fixed volume.

Exam Tip: Solids have fixed shape and volume; liquids have fixed volume only; gases have neither.

c. Work is done when a ___________ is applied on something and it moves.
Answer: force
In simple words: Force causes movement to constitute work.

Exam Tip: In science, work is only done when an object moves a distance in the direction of the force applied.

d. Writing on smooth surfaces like glass is difficult because of __________ friction.
Answer: less (or low)
In simple words: Smooth surfaces lack the grip needed for friction, making writing hard.

Exam Tip: Friction provides the necessary grip for holding and writing.

e. Matter exists in three states, called __________, ___________ & _________.
Answer: solid, liquid, gas
In simple words: The three common forms of matter are solid, liquid, and gas.

Exam Tip: List them in order of increasing molecular spacing for clarity.

Q. 4. Answer the following:-
a. Differentiate between an element and a compound.
Answer:
1. An element is a pure substance made up of only one kind of atoms (e.g., Oxygen, Hydrogen).
2. A compound is a substance formed by the chemical combination of two or more different elements in a fixed proportion (e.g., Water, Carbon dioxide).
In simple words: Elements have only one type of atom, while compounds are made of different atoms joined together.

Exam Tip: Use a comparative distinction mentioning constituent atoms and examples.

b. Why do solids have a fixed shape and size?
Answer: Solids have a fixed shape and size because the molecules in solids are packed very tightly together with strong forces of attraction between them, leaving very little space for movement.
In simple words: Tight packing of molecules holds solids firmly in a fixed shape and size.

Exam Tip: Mention "tight packing" and "strong intermolecular force" for full credit.

c. Write about the good and bad sides of friction.
Answer:
Good sides of friction:
1. It allows us to walk and run without slipping.
2. It helps vehicles stop when brakes are applied.
3. It allows us to write on paper and hold objects securely.
Bad sides of friction:
1. It causes wear and tear of machine parts and shoe soles.
2. It produces unnecessary heat, wasting energy.
In simple words: Friction helps us walk and brake, but it also wears out things and wastes energy as heat.

Exam Tip: Provide at least two points each for advantages and disadvantages.

d. Why are hill roads made to wind around hills?
Answer: Hill roads are made to wind around hills (as inclined planes) to reduce the steepness. A longer, winding path makes it easier for vehicles to climb up without putting excessive strain on their engines.
In simple words: Winding roads reduce steepness so vehicles can climb hills easily.

Exam Tip: Relate this concept to the simple machine known as an inclined plane.

e. What things can a force do?
Answer:
1. It can move a stationary object.
2. It can stop or slow down a moving object.
3. It can change the speed and direction of a moving object.
4. It can change the shape and size of an object.
In simple words: Force can start movement, stop movement, change direction, and change shape.

Exam Tip: List all four major effects of force for a complete answer.

Q. 5. Differentiate between solids, liquids & gases.
Answer:

In simple words: Solids have fixed shape and volume, liquids have fixed volume only, and gases have neither.

Exam Tip: Tabular comparison is the best way to present differences in science.

Q. 6. Differentiate between gravitational force & magnetic force.
Answer:
1. Gravitational Force: It is the pull exerted by the Earth (or any massive body) that pulls objects toward its center. It acts on all objects with mass.
2. Magnetic Force: It is the attractive or repulsive force exerted by a magnet. It acts specifically on magnetic materials like iron, nickel, and cobalt.
In simple words: Gravity pulls everything toward the Earth, while magnetic force pulls specific magnetic metals.

Exam Tip: Highlight that gravity is universal for masses, while magnetism applies to specific metals and magnetic poles.

Q. 7. Label fulcrum, load & effort in the following figures.
Answer:
1. Scissors: Fulcrum is the central screw/joint; Load is the material being cut at the blades; Effort is applied at the handles.
2. Nutcracker: Fulcrum is the hinge at the end; Load is the nut placed in the middle; Effort is applied at the handles.
3. Pliers / Tongs: Fulcrum is the pivot pin; Load is at the gripping jaws; Effort is applied where the hands squeeze.
4. Bottle Opener: Fulcrum is the tip resting on the bottle cap edge; Load is the upward lifting edge of the cap; Effort is applied at the end of the handle.
In simple words: Fulcrum is the turning point, load is the weight, and effort is the force applied.

Exam Tip: Learn the three classes of levers based on the relative positions of Fulcrum (F), Load (L), and Effort (E).

Q. 8. What is the importance of simple machines?
Answer:
Simple machines are important because they:
1. Make our work much easier and faster.
2. Allow us to do heavy work by applying a small amount of effort.
3. Can change the direction of force (e.g., pulleys).
4. Help transfer force from one point to another.
In simple words: Simple machines help us do difficult work easily with less effort.

Exam Tip: Give examples of simple machines like levers, pulleys, and inclined planes to support your answer.