NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science The End of Bipolarity

Question: Which among the following statements that describe the nature of Soviet economy is wrong?
(a) Socialism was the dominant ideology.
(b) State ownership/control existed over the factors of production.
(c) People enjoyed economic freedom.
(d) Every aspect of the economy was planned and contained by the state.
Answer: (c) 

Question: Which among the following is NOT an outcome of the disintegration of the USSR?
(a) End of the ideological war between the US and USSR
(b) Birth of CIS
(c) Change in the balance of power in the world order
(d) Crises in the Middle East
Answer:  (d) 

Question: The revolution of Russia in 1917 was inspired by Ideals
(a) Socialism
(b) Capitalism
(c) Socialism as well as Capitalism
(d) None of the above 
Answer: (a)

Question: The warsaw pact was______ .
(a) an economic alliance
(b) an political alliance
(c) a military alliance
(d) none of the above 
Answer: (a)

Question: Independence movement begins in Lithuania in -
(a) 1985
(b) 1988
(c) 1989
(d) 1991 
Answer: (b)

Question: The USSR came in to being after the Socialist revolution in Russia in -
(a) 1915
(b) 1916
(c) 1917
(d) 1918 
Answer: (c)

Question: Russia takes over the USSR Seat in the United Nations in -
(a) December1990
(b) December1991
(c) December1992
(d) December1993
Answer: (b)

Question: NATO was as association of –
(a) March, 1990
(b) April, 1990
(c) May, 1990
(d) June,1990
Answer: (d)

Fill in the Blanks:

Question: _______________ was the military alliance started by the USSR.
Answer: war saw pact

Question: _______________ party dominated the Soviet union‟s political system. started by the USSR.
Answer: The communist

Question: The Soviet Political System was based on ______________ Ideology.
Answer: Socialist 

Question: _______________initiated the reforms in the USSR in 1985.
Answer: Mikhail Gorbachev

Question: The fall of the _______________ symbolised the end of the Cold War.
Answer: USSR

Very Short Answer Type Question :

Question: What was the most immediate cause of the collapse of the Soviet Union?
Answer: The rise of nationalism and the desire for sovereignty with in various republics including Russia and the Baltic Republics (Estonia, Latvia and Lithuania) Ukraine, Georgia and others proved to be the final and the most immediate cause for the disintegration of the USSR.

Question: Discuss economic relationship between India and the Soviet Union during the cold world era?
Answer: The Soviet Union assisted India‟s public sector companies at a time when such assistance was difficult to get. It gave aid and technical assistance for steel plants like Bhili, Bokaro, Visakhapatnam and Machinery plants like Bharat Heavy Electricals Ltd, etc. the Soviet Union accepted Indian currency, for trade when India was short of foreign exchange. 

Question: Write the advantages of the communist rule in the USSR?
Answer: Communism of the Marxist-Leninist variety lasted for 74 years and left an indelible mark on mankind‟s collective political experience, The years between Stalin‟s death end the final denouncement of the Soviet Union are filled with glorious achievements climaxed by mankind‟s conquest of space.

Question: What was “second world”?
Answer: After the Second World War, the east European countries that the soviet army had liberated from the fascist forces came under the control of the USSR. The political and economic systems of all these countries were modeled after the USSR. This group of countries was called the second world or socialist bloc.

Question: What was the consequence of the „Shock therapy‟ on Russian France?
Answer: The value of the ruble, The Russian Currency, declined dramatically, the rate of inflation was so high that people lost all their savings. The collective farm disintegrated leaving people without food security, and Russian started to import food. The real GDP of Russia in 1999 was below that what it was in 1989. The old tradings structure broke down with no alternative in its place.

Question: Write a short note on Vladimir Lenin?
Answer: Vladimir Lenin (1870-1924) was the founder of the Bolshevik communist party. He was the leader of the Russian Revolution in 1917 and was the founder head of the USSR during the most difficult period following the revolution (1917-1924) He was on outstanding theoretician and practitioner of maxxism and a source of inspiration for communists all over the world.

Question: What do you mean by the “shock therapy”?
Answer: The model of transition in Russia, central Asia and East Europe that was influenced by the World Bank and the IMF came to be known as „Shock therapy‟. Shock therapy varied in intensity and speed amongst the former second world countries. But its direction and features were quite similar.

Question: When the USSR came in to being?
Answer: The USSR came in to being after the socialist revolution in Russia in 1917.

Short Answer Question:

Question: Discuss drawbacks of the Soviet system?
Answer: The Soviet system became very bureaucratic and authoritarian, making life very difficult for its citizens. Lack and democracy and the absence of freedom of speech stifled people. Most of the institutions of the Soviet state needed reform: the one-party system represented by the communist party of the Soviet Union had right control over all institutions and was unaccountable to the people. The party refused to recognise the urge of people in the fifteen different republics that formed the Soviet Union to manage their own affairs including their cultural affairs. Although, on paper, Russia was only one of the fifteen republics that together constituted. The USSR, in reality Russia dominated everything and people from other regions felt neglected and often suppressed.

Question: What was the economic condition of the Soviet Union after the Second World War? Explain in brief.
Answer: The Soviet Union became a great power after the Second World War. The Soviet economy was then more developed than the rest of the world except the USA. It had a complex comunications network, vast energy resources including oil, iron and still, machinery production, and a transport sector that connected its remotest areas with efficiencies. It had a domestic consumer industry that produced everything from pines to cars, though their quality did not match that of the western capitalist countries. The Soviet state ensured a minimum standard of living for all citizens, and the government subsidised basic necessities including health, education, children and other welfare schemes. There was no unemployment state ownership was the dominant form of ownership, land and productive assets were owned and controlled by the Soviet state.

Long Answer Question:

Question: Describe the relation between India and Russia?
Answer: India has maintained strong relations with Russia. In fact India‟s relations with Russia are an important aspect of India‟s foreign policy Indo-Russian relations are embedded in a history of trust and common interests and are matched by popular Prceptions. Russia and India share a vision of a multipolar world order, More than so bilateral agreements have been signed between India and Russia as part of the Indo-Russian strategic agreement of 2001. India stands to benefit from its relationship with Russia on issues like Kashmir, energy supplies, sharing information on international terrorism access to central Asia, and balancing its relations with China. Russia stands to benefit from this relationship because India is the second largest arms market for Russia. The Indian military gets most of its hardware from Russia. Russia has repeatedly come to the assistance of India during its oil crisis. India is seeking to increase its energy imports from Russia and the republics of Kazakhstan and Turkmenistan. Cooperation with these republics includes partnership and investment in oilfields Russia, in important for India‟s nuclear energy plans and assisted India‟s space industry by giving, for example, The cryogenic rocket when India needed it. Russia and India have collaborated on various scientific projects.

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