NCERT Solutions Class 12 Political Science Alternative Centres of Power

Question: Arrange the following in chronological order:
(a) China’s accession to WTO
(b) Establishment of the EEC
(c) Establishment of the EU
(d) Birth of ARF
Answer: (b) Establishment of the EEC – 1957 (c) Establishment of the EU – 1992 (d) Birth of ARF – 1994 (a) China’s accession to WTO

Question: The ASEAN WAY:
(a) Reflects the lifestyle of ASEAN members.
(b) A form of interaction among ASEAN members that is informal and cooperative.
(c) The defence policy followed by the ASEAN members.
(d) The road that connects all the ASEAN members.
Answer: (b) 

Question: Which of the following is a supranational organisation?
(a) ASEAN
(b) SAARC
(c) EU
(d) EEC 
Answer: (c)

Question: Who among the following adopted on open door Policy?
(a) China
(b) EU
(c) Japan
(d) USA
Answer: (b)

Question: The Currency Union is-
(a) Dollar
(b) Rupees
(c) Euro
(d) Yuan
Answer: (c)

Question: The OEEC was established in -
(a) 1946
(b) 1977
(c) 1948
(d) 1949 
Answer: (c)

Question: Which of the following is not the founder member of ASEAN?
(a) Indonesia
(b) Malaysia
(c) India
(d) Thailand 
Answer: (c)

Fill in the Blanks: 

Question:The border conflict between China and India in 1962 was principally over……..and……..region.
Answer: Arunachal Pradesh , Aksai Chin,

Question: ARF was established in the year……..  
Answer:  1994

Question: China entered into bilateral relations with ………(a major country) in 1972.  
Answer:  the US

Question: ………..plan influenced the establishment of the organisation for European Economic Cooperation in 1948. 
Answer: Marshall

Question:……….. is the organisation of ASEAN that deals with security.  
Answer: Asian Regional Forum

Question: _______________ is the organisation of ASEAN that deals with security.
Answer: ARF

Question: China entered in to bilateral relations with _______________ (a major country) in 1972.
Answer:India

Very short answer type question:

Question: What are the objectives of establishing regional organisations?
Answer: The regional organisations are established with the following objectives:

Question: What led to the establishment of „ASEAN??
Answer: Efforts at Asian and third world unity such a Bandung Conference and the Non Aliged movement were ineffective in establishing the conventions for informal cooperation and interaction, Hence, the Southeast, Asian nations sought an alternative by establishing the Association for South East Asia Nations (ASEAN).

Question: What are the components of „ASEAN? vision 2020?
Answer: „ASEAN? is rapidly growing in to a very important regional organisation. Its vision 2020 has defined an outward looking role for „ASEAN? in the international community. This builds on the existing ASEAN policy to encourage negotiation over conflicts in the region. Thus ASEAN has mediated the end of the Cambodian conflict the east Timor crisis and meets annually to discuss East ASEAN cooperation.

Question: Name the pillars and the objective of Asian Community?
Answer: Indonesia, Malaysia the Philippines Singapore and Thailand are the pillars of the ASEAN Community. The objectives of ASEAN were primarily to accelerate economic growth and through that social progress and cultural development. A secondary objective was to promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of the United Nations charter. 

Question: What is unique about „ASIAN??
Answer: There is little desire in Asian for supranational structure and institutions. ASEAN countries have celebrated. What has become known as the „ASEAN WAY?, a form of interaction that is informal, non-confrontationist and co-operative? The respect for national sovereignty is critical to the functioning of ASEAN.

Question: What was the marshal plan?
Answer: Under the marshal plan, the Organisation for European Economic Cooperation (OEEC) was established in 1948 to channel aid to the West European States. It becomes a forum where the Western European States began to cooperate on trade and economic issues. 

Question: Name of the countries which established ASEAN?
Answer: ASEAN was established in 1967 by five countries of this region – Indonesia, Malaysia the Philippines Singapore and Thailand by singing the Bangkok Declaration.

Question: Though the Chinese ecomo my has improved dramatically there are areas where development is still to reach mention those areas?
Answer: (i) unemployment has Rison in china with nearly 100 million people looking for jobs.
(ii) Female employment and conditions of work are very bed.
(iii) Corruption has increased.
(iv) Environmental degradation have increased.
(v) There is a rise in economic inequality between rural and urban residents and coastal and inland provinces.

Question: Write about the relations between India and ASEAN?
Answer: During the cold war year?s Indian foreign policy did not pay adequate attention to „ASEAN?. But in recent years, India has tried to make amends. It signed „FTA?s with two ASEAN members. Singapore and Thailand it is trying to sign an FTA with ASEAN itself.

Short answer type question:

Question: Point out some irritants between China and India.
Answer: (i) When China attacked on Tibet in 1950-51 Dalai Lama The Political and religious leader of Tibet, took shelter in India. As a result the relations between the two countries became strained.
(ii) India and China also have a controversy over the mecmohan line, the border line between India and China
(iii) China occupied a large territory in Ladakh and even built a road there in 1959
(iv) In October 1962 China invaded Indian frontier like NEFA and Ladakh and also occupied a considerable part of our territory.
(v) Most of the occasions China supports Pakistan against India. Yet India is trying her best to normalise the relations between the two countries.

Question: What are the objectives of establishing regional organisation?
Answer: The objective of establishing regional organisation are as follows-
(i) To accelerate economic growth.
(ii) To accelerate social progress and cultural development through economic growth.
(iii) To promote regional peace and stability based on the rule of law and the principles of United Nations charter.
(iv) To acquire political cooperation.
(v) To have a common foreign and security policy, cooperation on Justice and home affairs etc.
(vi) To have military influence.

Question: Describe the position of China in the International System?
Answer: Position of China in the international system: - After the disintegration of the Soviet Union in 1990. It looked as if, the world has become unipolar. But it is not so. China is slowly emerging as an alternative power center. Deng Ziaoping had a remarkable role in making China to reach Such heights. In the Last decade of twentieth century. China has increased the budget on militia greatly China is speedily modernizing her armed forces, guided missile system and ordinances. China has great achievements in the field of aerial, Inter continental and distant war sophistication. Briefly if Stated China today has acquired and strengthened her economic and security system to such an extent that she does not even fear the wrath of the all powerful country like the US. She has acquired the guts to retaliate with statements to statements issued against her by any other country.

Question: Write a note on „ASEAN?. Regional form?
Answer: The ASEAN Regional Forum (ARF) was established in 1994. It is an informal multilateral dialogue of 25 members whose objectives are to foster dialogue and consultation and promote confidence building and preventive diplomacy in the region. The current participants in the ARF are as follows. ASEAN, Australia, Canada, People?s Republic of Chine, European Union India Japan, North Korea, South Korea, Russia East times and the United States Bangladesh was added to ARF as the 26th member, starting from July 28, 2006.

Long answer Question: 

Question: Describe the „Open Door Policy” of China?
Answer: Open Door Policy – Before two decades till 1978, China. Which was a closed society for the rest of the world, was made a centre for investment of the entire world and the credit for this important function goes to Deng? For this the Chinese people will ever remain grateful to him. After strengthening his hold over the political power in 1978. When he placed the “open door policy” of China before the world in 1982, then some kind of irritation in the throat of Chinese conservative communists was felt but Deng remained firm in his resolve and Ideas to the extent to which his eyes were sharp becomes clean from what he told mao roughly three decades before that it does not matter whether the cat is black or white, so long as it catches mice but then he was declared as a follower of capitalist class. Even since he was continuously harassed. It was only his efficiency that in order to lead China towards the path of reform and fulfill his ever cherished goal that he has been bending like a bamboo according to the direction of the wind but in 1987 after the thirteenth congress according to the direction he started functioning. In order to give a real shape to his policy of open door. Therefore in 1978 when Deng came to power he laid the foundation of economic liberalism. 

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