NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development

Read and download NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development in NCERT book for Class 12 Geography. You can download latest NCERT eBooks chapter wise in PDF format free from Studiestoday.com. This Geography textbook for Class 12 is designed by NCERT and is very useful for students. Please also refer to the NCERT solutions for Class 12 Geography to understand the answers of the exercise questions given at the end of this chapter

NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography India People and Economy Chapter 3 Human Development

Class 12 Geography students should refer to the following NCERT Book India People and Economy Chapter 3 Human Development in Class 12. This NCERT Book for Class 12 Geography will be very useful for exams and help you to score good marks

India People and Economy Chapter 3 Human Development NCERT Book Class 12

 

HUMAN DEVELOPMENT

Sixty years ago, Rekha was born in a family of small farmer in Uttaranchal. She helped her mother in household chores. While her brothers went to school, she did not receive any education. She was dependent on her in laws after she was widowed immediately after marriage. She could not be economically independent and faced neglect. Her brother helped her to migrate to Delhi.

For the first time, she travelled by bus and train and was exposed to a large city like Delhi. After a while, the same city which attracted her with its buildings, roads, avenues and facilities and amenities disillusioned her.

With greater familiarity of the city, she could comprehend the paradoxes. The jhuggi and slum clusters, traffic jams, congestion, crimes, poverty, small children begging on traffic lights, people sleeping on footpaths, polluted water and air revealed another face of development. She used to think whether development and under-development coexist? Whether development help some segments of population more than the other? Does development create haves and have nots?

Let us examine these paradoxes and try to understand the phenomena. Of all the paradoxes of our times mentioned in the story, development is the most significant one. Development of a few regions, individuals brought about in a short span of time leads to poverty and malnutrition for many along with large scale ecological degradation. Is development class biased?

Apparently, it is believed that “Development is freedom” which is often associated with modernisation, leisure, comfort and affluence. In the present context, computerisation, industrialisation, efficient transport and communication network, large education system, advanced and modern medical facilities, safety and security of individuals, etc. are considered as the symbols of development. Every individual, community and government measures its performance or levels of development in relation to the availability and access to some of these things. But, this may be partial and one-sided view of development. It is often called the western or euro-centric view of development.

Thus, for India, development is a mixed bag of opportunities as well as neglect and deprivations. There are a few areas like the metropolitan centres and other developed enclaves that have all the modern facilities available to a small section of its population. At the other extreme of it, there are large rural areas and the slums in the urban areas that do not have basic amenities like potable water, education and health infrastructure available to majority of this population. The situation is more alarming if one looks at the distribution of the development opportunities among different sections of our society. It is a wellestablished fact that majority of the scheduled

castes, scheduled tribes, landless agricultural labourers, poor farmers and slums dwellers, etc. are the most marginalised lot. A large segment of female population is the worst sufferers among all. It is also equally true that the relative as well as absolute conditions of the majority of these marginalised sections have worsened with the development happening over the years. Consequently, vast majority of people are compelled to live under abject poverty and subhuman conditions.

 

EXERCISES

1. Choose the right answers of the following from the given options.

     (i) Which one of the following is India’s rank in terms of Human Development Index among the countries of the world in 2005?

              (a) 126                           (c) 128 

              (b) 127                           (d) 129

     (ii) Which one of the following states of India has the highest rank in the Human Development Index?

              (a) Tamil Nadu               (c) Kerala

              (b) Punjab                     (d) Haryana

     (iii) Which one of the following states of India has the lowest female literacy?

              (a) Jamu and Kashmir            (c) Jharkhand

              (b) Arunachal Pradesh            (d) Bihar

     (iv) Which one of the following states of India has the lowest female child sex ratio 0-6 years?

              (a) Gujarat                     (c) Punjab

              (b) Haryana                    (d) Himachal Pradesh

     (v) Which one of the following Union Territories of India has the highest literacy rate?

              (a) Lakshadweep           (c) Daman and Diu

              (b) Chandigarh              (d) Andaman and Nicobar Islands

2. Answer the following questions in about 30 words.

     (i) Define Human Development.

     (ii) Give two reasons for low levels of Human Development in most of the Northern States of India.

     (iii) Give two reasons for declining child sex ratio in India.

3. Answer the following questions in about 150 words.

     (i) Discuss the spatial patterns of female literacy in India in 2001 and bring out the reasons responsible for it.

     (ii) Which factors have caused spatial variations in the levels of Human Development among the 15 major states in India?

 

Please refer to attached file for NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development

Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix I
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix I
Fundamentals of Human Geography Appendix II
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendix II
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 01 Human Geography Nature and Scope
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Geography Nature and Scope
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 02 The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
NCERT Class 12 Geography The World Population Distribution Density and Growth
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 03 Population Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Composition
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 04 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 05 Primary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Primary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 06 Secondary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Secondary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 07 Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
NCERT Class 12 Geography Tertiary and Quaternary Activities
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 08 Transport and Communication
NCERT Class 12 Geography Transport and Communication
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 09 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
Fundamentals of Human Geography Chapter 10 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
Fundamentals of Human Geography Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
India People and Economy Appendices
NCERT Class 12 Geography Appendices
India People and Economy Chapter 01 Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
NCERT Class 12 Geography Population Distribution Density Growth and Composition
India People and Economy Chapter 02 Migration Types Causes and Consequences
NCERT Class 12 Geography Migration Types Causes and Consequences
India People and Economy Chapter 03 Human Development
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Development
India People and Economy Chapter 04 Human Settlements
NCERT Class 12 Geography Human Settlements
India People and Economy Chapter 05 Land Resources and Agriculture
NCERT Class 12 Geography Land Resorces and Agriculture
India People and Economy Chapter 06 Water Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Water Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 07 Mineral and Energy Resources
NCERT Class 12 Geography Mineral and Energy Resources
India People and Economy Chapter 08 Manufacturing Industries
NCERT Class 12 Geography Manufacturing Industries
India People and Economy Chapter 09 Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
NCERT Class 12 Geography Planning and Sustainable Development in Indian Context
India People and Economy Chapter 11 International Trade
NCERT Class 12 Geography International Trade
India People and Economy Chapter 12 Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
NCERT Class 12 Geography Geographical Perspective on Selected Issues and Problems
India People and Economy Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary
Practical Work in Geography Part II Annexure
NCERT Class 12 Geography Annexure
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 01 Data Its Sources and Compilation
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Its Sources and Compilation
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 02 Data Processing
NCERT Class 12 Geography Data Processing
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 03 Graphical Representation of Data
NCERT Class 12 Geography Graphical Representation of Data
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 04 Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
NCERT Class 12 Geography Use of Computer in Data Processing and Mapping
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 05 Field Surveys
NCERT Class 12 Geography Field Surveys
Practical Work in Geography Part II Chapter 06 Spatial Information Technology
NCERT Class 12 Geography Spatial Information Technology
Practical Work in Geography Part II Glossary
NCERT Class 12 Geography Glossary

Geography NCERT Book Class 12 India People and Economy Chapter 3 Human Development

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NCERT Book Class 12 Geography India People and Economy Chapter 3 Human Development

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India People and Economy Chapter 3 Human Development NCERT Book Class 12 Geography

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